全膀胱切除及尿流改道术43例临床分析

临床上膀胱癌行全膀胱切除后的尿流改道手术方式很多[1] ,主要可分为 3类 :①正位排尿的新膀胱术 (代膀胱术 ) ,如正位回肠新膀胱术 ;②不可控性尿流改道 ,如输尿管腹壁造口、Bricker膀胱术 ;③可控性尿流改道 ,如可控性回盲肠膀胱术。1991-2 0 0 2年我们对本院 43例患者分别施行了输尿管腹壁造口、Bricker膀胱术、可控性回盲肠膀胱术、正位回肠新膀胱术。现报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　临床资料　　本组 43例 ,男性 3 8例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 62～ 78岁 ,平均61 1岁。 43例均为膀胱癌患者 ,参照手术学均有全膀胱切除手术适应证。其中移行细…     

原位W形回肠膀胱的尿动力学分析

目的:分析原位W形回肠膀胱的尿控效果。方法:对15例全膀胱切除原位W形回肠膀胱患者行尿动力学检查,测定尿流率、残余尿、储尿期回肠膀胱的顺应性、稳定性、回肠膀胱感觉、回肠膀胱容量及排尿期回肠膀胱收缩力。结果:本组患者15例,随访6~24个月,平均17个月。15例患者白天完全可控,14例患者夜间完全可控,溢尿1例。最大尿流率5.3~23.5 mL/s,平均14.6 mL/s。残余尿0~115 mL,平均45.5 mL。顺应性30~35 mL/cm H2O,平均33.5 mL/cm H2O。储尿期回肠膀胱较少出现无抑制性收缩,压力0~15 cmH2O,平均11.2 cmH2O。回肠膀胱感觉减退,无明显最初排尿感、正常排尿感。回肠膀胱容量为270~650 mL,平均405.7 mL。回肠膀胱内压力10.37~32.60 cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098 kPa),平均21.65 cmH2O。排尿期均为腹压协助排尿。结论:原位W形回肠膀胱储尿囊压力低、控制排尿满意,是一种理想的尿流分流手术。     

回肠新膀胱术的护理

回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱肿瘤已有近50年历史．由于腹壁回肠造瘘留置体外导尿袋．给病人带来巨大生理和心理障碍。近十年来有人采用回肠袋膀胱术，虽然取消了体外集尿袋．却因腹壁造口漏尿或造口狭窄无法插管导尿．再次手术率极高．同样给病人带来巨大痛苦和开支。我科自1988年以来．采用回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱肿瘤．取得了令人满意的临床效果．常规行膀胱全切除术．距回盲部15～20cm处。取40cm长游离回肠段，恢复回肠连续性．将回肠段作对肠系膜缘切开．排列成U形，2-0肠线连续缝合肠片，肠片下缘围绕尿道膜部作内翻间断缝合．重建膀胱颈．两侧输尿管作抗返漉粘膜沟吻合．置输尿道支架管引流．经腹壁引出。尿道置气囊导尿管引流．连续缝合新膀胱前壁。关闭腹壁切口各层。术后2周拔输尿管、支架引流管．术后3周拔留置新膀胱气囊导尿管．并经尿道自行排尿．极大地提高了患者生活质量．现将术前术后的护理体会报告如下。     

乙状结肠直肠膀胱术尿流改道的临床应用研究

目的 观察乙状结肠直肠膀胱术作为可控性尿流改道的临床效果。方法 选择38例膀胱癌患者,行膀胱全切术。以乙状结肠直肠交界为中点,纵行剖开肠管20～24cm,成形为储尿囊。输尿管以黏膜下隧道方式作抗逆流吻合。利用肛门括约肌控制排尿。术后随访3～60个月(平均30个月)。结果 肠袋最大储尿容量400～650ml(平均515．6m1),基础压力8～23cm H2O(平均16．5cm H2O,1cm H2O=0．098kPa),最大充盈压力12～33cm H2O(21．3cm H2O)。在充盈过程中肠袋的顺应性良好。结论 该术式简单易行,易于掌握。手术时间短,术后并发症少,临床效果肯定。是一种比较好的可控性尿流改道方法。     

可控性低压结肠膀胱术的护理

膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤。我们参考Kock，Skinner等的可控性回肠膀胱术和改良印第安纳膀胱的做法，近期为11例膀胱瘤患者提供了改良该术式的护理，现报道如下。1临床资料本组患者，男性9例，女性2例，平均年龄58岁。4例为鳞状上皮癌，7例为移行细胞癌。术后无伤口感染、尿瘘等，无造口溢尿现象，胰脏容量约250至500ml，均痊愈出院。2围手术期护理2．1心理护理：膀胱癌是一种恶性肿瘤，通过手术等治疗有较高的生存率，可控性回结肠膀胱术虽然具有代膀胱容量大，内压低，无尿外渗，不用集尿袋，可自行导尿等优点，但其排尿方式和排尿…     

可控膀胱术术后护理

膀胱肿瘤全膀胱切除、尿流改道是泌尿外科复杂且历时较长的手术。为提高全膀胱切除术后患者的生活质量 ,目前国内各医院多采用可控性尿流改道术 ,即用回、盲肠做成贮尿囊 ,另用一段肠管做成具有活瓣功能的输出段并行腹壁造口[1] 。但是由于活瓣的取材长短、部位等诸多原因 ,仍存在排尿控制不良 ,给患者带来生活不便。近几年 ,我院采取膀胱全切、阑尾腹壁造瘘回结肠可控膀胱术 ,有效地解决了膀胱全切尿流改道后尿液控制不良的缺点。术后患者即不需要集尿袋 ,更不需持续留置尿管 ,膀胱容量可达 40 0～ 80 0ｍｌ,仅需从阑尾腹壁造口定时插管排…     

改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术的疗效分析

目的:对回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术进行改良,评价其临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析重庆市璧山区人民医院泌尿外科2010年1月至2020年1月行改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术(研究组)及Bricker术(对照组)患者的一般资料、围手术期情况、术后并发症等资料.结果:研究组35例,对照组48例,2组患者的一般临床资料无统计学差异(P＞0.05),研究组平均手术时间为(76.3±5.5) min,明显短于对照组的(111.0±5.4) min(P＜0.05),但2组在术中出血、术后住院时间、术后拔除盆腔引流管时间、术后拔除输尿管支架时间、术后TNM分期等方面无统计学差异(P＞0.05).研究组术后总肾功异常发生率、造瘘口周围皮炎及疤痕发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),但术后漏尿、代膀胱结石、回肠造瘘口坏死或狭窄等方面均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).研究组术后粘连性肠梗阻和肾积水的发生率均为0,明显低于传统回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘组的12.7％和15.9％(P＜0.05).结论:改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术临床疗效可靠,手术时间更短,可避免Bricker术及传统回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术的并发症,有望成为更加理想的尿流改道术式.     

改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术的疗效分析

目的:对回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术进行改良,评价其临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析重庆市璧山区人民医院泌尿外科2010年1月至2020年1月行改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术(研究组)及Bricker术(对照组)患者的一般资料、围手术期情况、术后并发症等资料.结果:研究组35例,对照组48例,2组患者的一般临床资料无统计学差异(P＞0.05),研究组平均手术时间为(76.3±5.5) min,明显短于对照组的(111.0±5.4) min(P＜0.05),但2组在术中出血、术后住院时间、术后拔除盆腔引流管时间、术后拔除输尿管支架时间、术后TNM分期等方面无统计学差异(P＞0.05).研究组术后总肾功异常发生率、造瘘口周围皮炎及疤痕发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),但术后漏尿、代膀胱结石、回肠造瘘口坏死或狭窄等方面均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).研究组术后粘连性肠梗阻和肾积水的发生率均为0,明显低于传统回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘组的12.7％和15.9％(P＜0.05).结论:改良回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术临床疗效可靠,手术时间更短,可避免Bricker术及传统回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术的并发症,有望成为更加理想的尿流改道术式.     

自制简易造口集尿器

在泌尿外科临床工作中，常常会遇到因尿路疾病患者需要行尿流改道腹壁造瘘术。由于手术使排尿方式改变，尿液需自腹壁造瘘口引出体外，术后需佩带集尿器，如输尿管皮肤造口术、回肠代膀胱术等。目前，临床使用的集尿器不仅成本较高，而且与皮肤长时间接触，容易损伤皮肤，增加了病人自我护理的难度。近年来笔者对原有集尿器进行了改进，自制表式集尿器应用于10例回肠代膀胱术病人，取得了满意的临床效果。现将制作方法介绍如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.