嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断进展

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎(eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE)是近年来发病率逐渐上升的食管炎性疾病,以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润食管壁黏膜为特征,常表现为吞咽困难、食物嵌顿、胸痛等,极易与胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)等混淆,若不经有效的治疗,会发展为严重的食管纤维性狭窄。随着对该病相关病理、生理学等研究的不断深入,EoE的诊断方法不断得到补充和完善,本文就此作一综述,旨在提高临床医师对EoE的认识,以减少对EoE的误诊、漏诊及误治。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎诊疗进展

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎(eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE)是一种慢性的、由过敏原驱动的、免疫介导的相对少见食道疾病,如果未经有效的治疗,会发展为严重食道纤维狭窄.本综述的目的是提供对该疾病研究的一些最新进展,包括临床诊断和治疗方法.当前对疾病的诊断和疾病监测方案过度依赖于反复的内镜评价和食管活检进行组织病理学分析.最新的EoE诊断进展包括内镜下管腔功能成像探头、经鼻内镜,以及非侵入性诊断工具的出现,包括细胞海绵、食管管柱测试和黏膜阻抗探针,目前, EoE的生物标志物尚未证明其临床应用价值.主要的治疗方式为局部皮质类固醇、质子泵抑制剂、饮食剔除治疗和内镜下食管扩张等.针对白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-13受体的RPC4046和IL-4/IL-13受体的Dupilumab,这些生物制剂RPC4046和Dupilumab的临床试验取得了一些有意义的结果,尤其是Dupilumab可能成为该疾病的所谓孤儿药物.     

嗜酸性粒细胞性消化道炎

原发性嗜酸性粒细胞性消化道炎（eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease,EGID）是以消化道嗜酸性粒细胞异常浸润为特征的炎症性疾病。该病可以累及消化道全长或某一部分,包括嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎（eosinophilicesophagitis,EE）、胃炎、胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG）、小肠炎、结肠炎及直肠炎。在过去的几十年中,文献报道的发病率逐渐增高。其病因及发病机制并不清楚,大多数研究结果都提示,吸入和食物过敏反应可能诱发该病的发作。其临床主要表现为各种消化道症状,无特异性,诊断标准未得到一致公认,多强调以病理为主的综合诊断,同时要除外其他继发性消化道嗜酸性粒细胞增多疾病。治疗以控制饮食和糖皮质激素为主,近年出现针对发病机制的生物制剂治疗,但尚缺少充分的循证医学依据。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断及治疗

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎（EoE）是一种慢性、由过敏原触发、Th2细胞介导的食管疾病,其特点是食管嗜酸性粒细胞增多浸润为主的炎症进而引发临床上以食管功能障碍为主的症状。其治疗方法包括药物治疗、饮食治疗及食管扩张,简称“3D”治疗。由于该病是一种慢性疾病,所以多数需要长期治疗,以预防复发及并发症的出现。本文对近年来EoE诊断...     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎诊断进展

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎是一种以食管壁有嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征的炎性疾病,一般认为其与食管对过敏物质的慢性免疫性炎性反应有关,常表现为吞咽困难、食物嵌顿及胸痛等,易与胃食管反流病混淆,内镜下可有食管环、食管纵向裂隙和食管白斑及狭窄等表现.此文就其临床表现、生化检测指标、内镜、病理学及食管运动功能检测特点作一综述.     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎临床特点分析

目的 探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎（EG）的临床特征.方法 对21例EG患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 21例EG患者中,最常见的临床症状为腹痛（76.2％）,以及恶心呕吐、腹胀、腹泻、纳差等.20例外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增高（95.2％）,内镜检查见炎症最常累及胃窦及十二指肠球部,组织活检可见嗜酸性粒细胞浸润.黏膜型13例,混合型（黏膜型合并浆膜型）8例.腹腔积液阳性者（7例）,混合型所占比例、合并电解质紊乱例数及CRP水平均高于腹腔积液阴性者（14例）.21例确诊后均予饮食调节和去除过敏原治疗,同时给予抑酸、保护胃黏膜、调节胃肠动力和肠道菌群等药物,其中15例予泼尼松治疗.治疗后患者嗜酸性粒细胞计数低于治疗前,症状得到改善.结论 EG临床表现无特异性,超敏反应病史、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数增高、胃肠道组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润有助于诊断,确诊依靠组织活检.合并腹腔积液者较无腹腔积液者病情重.治疗主要是去除过敏原及对症治疗,对于症状较重者可加用糖皮质激素.     

嗜酸性食管炎

嗜酸性食管炎是Kelly等于1995年首次报道,近年来国外报道逐渐增多.最近的流行病学研究提示在美国发病率增加,每1万儿童中至少1例[1-2].     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎的临床诊治分析

[目的]探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎患者的临床表现及诊治。[方法]回顾性分析21例嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎患者的分型、临床表现、实验室检查、特殊检查和临床疗效等指标。[结果]21例嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎患者均有不同程度的嗜酸性粒细胞计数和百分比增高。临床分型:黏膜型17例、浆膜型4例、肌型0例。胃镜活检部位为十二指肠降部3例,十二指肠球部11例和胃窦部4例。肠镜活检部位为降结肠2例,横结肠1例。病理学检查提示所有病理标本均有嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。对于激素(强的松)治疗反应良好。[结论]嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎患者主要的临床表现为血液和消化道组织中嗜酸性粒细胞性增多,缺乏特异性内镜表现,强的松治疗反应良好。     

嗜酸粒细胞性食管炎

嗜酸粒细胞性食管炎（eosinophilic esophagitis，EoE）是一种以嗜酸粒细胞浸润为主的慢性食管炎，成年患者主要以吞咽困难和急性食物梗阻、儿童和青少年患者则以上腹痛、呕吐和发育迟缓为主要表现，常伴有其他过敏性疾病史。内镜下常见有食管纵行线沟、（多发）环行皱褶、白斑等。糖皮质激素治疗有效，病程长、反复发作，但预后尚可。近5年来，西方人群中EoE患病率逐年上升。     

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis is increasingly recognized in adults. The diagnosis is based on the presence of both typical symptoms and pathologic findings on esophageal biopsy. Patients usually present with dysphagia, food impaction and/or reflux-like symptoms, and biopsy of the esophagus shows more than 15 eosinophils per high-power field. In addition, it is essential to exclude the presence of known causes of tissue eosinophilia such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, infections, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, hypersensitivity, and inflammatory bowel disease. There are no standardized protocols for the therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis. A variety of therapeutic approaches including acid suppression, dietary modifications, topical corticosteroids and endoscopic dilation can be used alone or in combination.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis

BackgroundEsophagitis is an increasingly diagnosed disease. Patients with gastroesophagic reflux, dysphagia, vomiting or abdominal pain, with a torpid response to the treatment, could be suffering from it.Material and methodsA 37 year-old male patient with background of gastroesophagic reflux and dysphagia for solids since 2002, self-limited diarrhea episodes and intolerance to alcoholic drinks due to epigastric pain. Skin prick tests, specific IgE, histamine release test and basophil activation test were carried out.ResultsSkin prick test to the usual allergens with negative result; prick-prick tests to egg white and yolk, milk and apple with positive result to egg white; total serum IgE within normal levels, specific IgE to egg white with positive result; histamine release test (HRT) and basophil activation test (BAT) with positive result to egg white and yolk.ConclusionThe patient was diagnosed eosinophilic esophagitis. The commercial food extracts have a great variability in their allergenic composition, which could result in false negative results in the prick test. Prick-prick with the natural food is a more sensitive technique than prick in the diagnosis of food allergy. There are other useful in vitro techniques, apart from specific IgE, in the diagnosis of food allergy. In our case, an exclusion diet of the involved food was more effective than other treatments for remission of the symptoms.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Since Kelly's article appeared in press in 1995, EoE has become an increasingly recognized body. While isolated case reports suggesting EoE have been printed in the adult literature since 1977, many more reports have been published in the pediatric literature over the past 7 years. Recently, [table: see text] several excellent reviews have been written on the subject of EoE [2,25,59,60]. These reviews coupled with the past reports and increasing incidence of EoE provide a sound background for further research on the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of EoE.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis]

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal wall including mucosa, submucosa, and muscle proper. EE is a condition involving both pediatrics and adults. Patients with EE are predominantly young males, commonly related to atopy. The typical clinical presentation includes dysphasia, food impaction, and symptoms mimicking gastroesophageal reflux disease. Endoscopic examination reveals mucosal fragility, ring or corrugated mucosa, whitish plaques, or small caliber esophagus. Histologic finding of >20 eosinophils/HPF (high power field) is the diagnostic hallmark of EE. Elemental formula, systemic or topical corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory drugs such as leukotriene receptor antagonists, anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibodies have been used to manage EE. Esophageal dilation is considered in adult patients with severe obstructive symptoms due to stricture.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults

Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults is a disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa and symptoms of long-standing solid food dysphagia and food impactions. First described in 1978, this syndrome is being recognized increasingly in the developed world, with multiple case series reported from the United States, Europe, and Australia during the past decade. Diagnosis requires the presence of greater than or equal to 15 eosinophils/high-power field on esophageal biopsies. Successful treatment in adults has been reported with the use of systemic and topical swallowed steroids. Endoscopic treatment has been associated with increased an risk for tears and perforations.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis: update 2012

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) with adults, as a new disease emerging during the last decade, is a clinicopathologic disorder of the esophagus characterized by a dense esophageal eosinophilic infiltration and typical esophageal symptoms. As numerous studies about EoE had been reported during last several years, updated consensus of EoE was reported in July 2011. The conceptual definition of EoE is coming. EoE is defined as a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominat inflammation. Other important addition is genotyping feature that implicates thymic stromal lymphopoietin genes or filagrrin as EoE susceptibility genes. The majority of patients has the concurrent allergic disease, especially food or aeroallergen sensitization. Main therapeutic options include topical steroids and dietary modification. Recent issues of EoE include a new concept for proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia that it should be excluded to diagnose EoE.     

Eosinophilic esophagitis: an update

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a disease that is being recognized with increasing frequency. In children it is responsible for feeding disorders, vomiting, reflux symptoms and abdominal pain and in adults it causes dysphagia and esophageal food impactions. The diagnosis requires the histologic finding of > 20 eosinophils per high powered field in esophageal squamous mucosa. The most common treatment regimens in children and adults involve the ingestion of topical corticosteroids. Symptomatic relapse after one treatment course is common, and many patients require repeated courses of treatment. The long-term prognosis of EE is largely unknown.