内镜下注射治疗消化性溃疡并出血的临床应用评价

目的探讨内镜下注射止血的临床意义。方法2001年7月至2002年8月因呕血和(或)黑便入院，经紧急内镜检查确诊为消化性溃疡并出血患81例．分成内科保守治疗和内镜注射止血治疗二组，内镜组在内科保守治疗的基础上，内镜下于出血灶注射HLGE液。结果内镜组42例，止血成功率95．24％，对照组39例，止血成功率79．49％，二组有显性差异。结论内镜注射止血治疗简单有效，降低手术率和再出血率。     

内镜下注射治疗消化性溃疡出血

目的 探讨内镜下注射止血的临床应用及意义。方法 2001年7月至2002年8月因呕血和（或）黑便入院，经紧急内镜检查确诊为消化性溃疡并出血患者81例，分成内科保守治疗和内镜注射止血治疗二组，内镜组在内科保守治疗的基础上于出血灶注射HLGE液。结果 内镜组42例，止血成功率95.24％，对照组39例，止血成功率79．49％，二组有显著性差异。结论 内镜注射止血治疗简单有效，可降低手术率和再出血率。     

奥美拉唑联合内镜下止血夹治疗消化性溃疡并出血的疗效观察

目的探讨奥美拉唑联合内镜下止血夹治疗消化性溃疡并活动性出血的临床效果。方法收集我院消化科收治的消化性溃疡并活动性出血患者65例,随机分为两组,其中治疗组31例,对照组34例。治疗组采用内镜下止血夹联合静脉推注奥美拉唑40 mg,2次/d,治疗1周。对照组采用静脉推注奥美拉唑40 mg,2次/d,,治疗1周。治疗期间收集患者止血效果、止血时间和再出血情况方面的数据,通过统计比较这三个指标在两组间的分布差异。结果治疗组止血总有效率为96.77%,明显优于对照组的64.71%,(P0.05)。治疗组止血时间为(1.8±1.2)d,对照组止血时间为(5.5±1.4)d,与对照组相比,治疗组止血时间更短(P0.05)。患者再出血方面,治疗组有1例,占比3.23%,对照组有7例,占比20.59%,与对照组相比,治疗组患者更不容易发生再出血(P0.05)。结论通过对消化性溃疡并活动性出血的两种治疗方法比较发现,奥美拉唑联合内镜下止血夹治疗消化性溃疡效果更好。具有止血效果显著、止血时间短、再出血率低的优点。因此,临床上可广泛采用奥美拉唑联合内镜下止血夹法治疗消化性溃疡并活动性出血。     

联合应用内镜注射和热凝治疗消化性溃疡出血

目的观察评价内镜注射肾上腺素、热探头热凝治疗和联合上述两种方法治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效。方法１０２例消化性溃疡出血患者分为三组,其中内镜注射组３７例,热凝治疗组３１例,内镜注射联合热凝治疗组３４例。结果４８小时止血率在三组分别为８６．５％、８７．１％和９７．１％。一周内再出血率分别为１３．５％、９．７％和８．８％,手术率为１６．２％、１６．１％和８．８％。观察期间未发生严重并发症,无一例死亡。联合治疗组的４８小时止血率高于其他二组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;一周内再出血率低于内镜注射组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与热凝治疗组没有明显差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）;手术率低于其他二组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论联合应用内镜注射和热探头热凝治疗可以提高消化性溃疡出血的止血率、降低近期再出血率和外科手术率。     

内镜下止血夹治疗消化性溃疡出血疗效

目的研究内镜下止血夹治疗消化性溃疡出血疗效。方法选取本院2015年6月-2016年6月期间收治的68例消化性溃疡出血患者进行临床分析,将其随机分成观察组(n=35)和对照组(n=33)。对两组患者进行内科治疗的程度相同,其中对照组实施内镜下局部注射治疗方式,观察组采用内镜下止血夹治疗。对两组患者临床疗效进行比较,对比两组患者止血率和48h内出血复发率。结果两组患者止血率均为100%,其中观察组48h内出血复发率为2.86%(1例),对照组48h内出血复发率为30.30%(10例)两组患者差异显著(P0.05),具有差异统计学意义。结论通过内径止血夹进行消化性溃疡出血患者进行治疗,止血时间短,复发率低,值得临床应用和推广。     

老年人上消化道出血1101例急诊胃镜检查结果分析及胃镜下 …

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血病因分布特点及急诊胃镜检查和治疗的价值。方法 对１９８８～１９９７年１１０１例以呕血和（或）黑便为表现的老年人急诊胃镜检查资料及９８例胃镜止血资料进行分析。结果 老年人上消化道出血病因主要为消化性溃疡７８３例（７１．１％），胃癌１１４例（１０．２％），门脉高压症５０例（４．５％）等。９８例患者施行了内镜下止血，其即刻止血率前三位如下：消化性溃疡伴活动性出血为９１．９％。     

尼龙绳联合金属夹止血与生物蛋白胶联合金属夹止血对消化性溃疡出血的疗效比较

目的探讨经内镜尼龙绳联合金属夹套扎止血与生物蛋白胶局部喷洒联合金属夹止血对消化性溃疡并出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月我院内镜中心36例患者应用生物蛋白胶联合金属夹治疗直径1 cm的消化性溃疡并出血的临床资料(对照组)及2014年1月至2016年6月我院内镜中心32例患者应用尼龙绳套扎联合金属夹治疗直径1 cm的消化性溃疡并出血的临床资料(治疗组),观察即时止血成功率、术后短期再出血率,对比两种止血方式的疗效和安全性。结果治疗组32例均成功即时止血,对照组成功即时止血30例,止血成功率83.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组1周内再出血1例,复发率3.13%,对照组1周内再出血7例,复发率30.43%,两组再出血率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经内镜尼龙绳联合金属夹套扎治疗消化性大溃疡并出血安全、有效。     

内镜局部注射治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床观察

探讨一种疗效好,可靠,副作用少,操作简单的内镜下止血方法。以高渗盐水立止血内下注射治疗消化性溃疡出血患者７７例为治疗组,立即止血率９７．９％,再出血率２．５％。     

内镜止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入治疗老年消化性溃疡出血的临床疗效

目的:观察内镜止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入对老年消化性溃疡出血患者的疗效。方法:选取老年消化性溃疡出血患者84例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组42例,对照组给予单纯静脉泵入埃索美拉唑治疗,治疗组患者先在内镜下行止血治疗,随后联合静脉泵入埃索美拉唑。观察2组患者治疗后的止血效果、临床预后情况。结果:治疗后治疗组患者的平均止血时间、输血量和住院时间均明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗组48 h内出血停止患者明显多于对照组(88.09%vs 80.95%,P0.05);治疗组转开腹手术治疗和发生止血后再出血各1例,明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(95.23%vs 85.71%,P0.05)。结论:内镜下止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入治疗老年消化性溃疡出血,止血有效率高,平均止血时间、住院时间短,是临床上有效的止血方法。     

非静脉曲张良性上消化道出血内窥镜诊疗体会

目的 分析非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的病因，探讨不同原因引起的非静脉曲张良性上消化的出血的内镜治疗方法；方法 回顾性分析我院2000～2003年193例非静脉曲张良性上消化道出血内镜诊断和治疗；结果 ①消化性溃疡出血是非静脉曲张良性上消化道出血的主要病因，②早期内窥镜检查能提高出血责任病灶检出的阳性率，③绝大多数良性上消化小量渗血均可以通过内镜下局部注射及局部电凝法止血，④确认为小动脉/小静脉出血时，止血夹止血是主要的治疗方法；结论 ①无内窥镜诊疗禁忌症者，应及时内镜探查以明确出血原因，确定引起出血的责任病灶；②对于不同情况的上消化道出血应区别对待，使用不同的内镜止血方法，才能达到满意的治疗效果；③溃疡瘢痕出血的内镜下止血方法有待于进一步探讨。     

消化性溃疡出血相关因素的分析

目的 探讨幽门螺旋杆菌及其他因素同消化性溃疡出血的相关性。方法 胃镜确诊的消化性溃疡92例,分为两组:单纯消化性溃疡组和出血组,系统收集临床资料,并进行如下检测:胃黏膜快速尿素酶检测、病理HE染色检查、13C呼气试验检测和血清Helicobacter pylori抗体和CagA抗体的检测。结果NSAIDs药物同出血相关,OR值为7.61(P<0.05)。出血组和非出血组之间H.pylori感染率分别为68.1％和60.6％,两组之间无显著性差异,但出血组血清CagA抗体阳性率高于非出血组(分别为61.2％和37.5％),OR值为2.63,范围为1.05～6.59,P<0.05。结论 服用NSAIDs药物和CagA抗体阳性与出血密切相关,出血组和非出血组之间H.pylori感染率无显著性差异。     

Laser Photocoagulation Versus Ethanol Injection Therapy after Preinjection with Epinephrine in the Treatment of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers

Abstract: A prospective, randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser photocoagulation (LP) and absolute ethanol injection therapy (AEIT) in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. Of 396 patients who underwent endoscopy for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage over a 18-month period, 185 were found to have peptic ulcers. The patients who had an ulcer with active bleeding (n = 25) or with a nonbleeding visible vessel (n = 35) were randomized to receive either LP (n = 29) or AEIT (n = 31). The two treatment groups were comparable in terms of age, severity of bleeding, site of ulcer, and endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between the LP and AEIT groups in terms of their transfusion requirements after treatment (0.6 ±1.0 vs. 0.5±0.9 unit), rate of initial hemostatic failure or rebleeding (13.8 vs. 9. 7%), emergency surgery (0 vs. O%), median hospital stay (6 us. 8 days), and mortality (0 us. 6.5%). All of the seven patients who rebled received a second session of endoscopic therapy with the other modality and bleeding was controlled. The cause of death in the two expired patients was not related to bleeding. We concluded that LP and AEIT are equally effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding but AEIT may be preferred over LP because of its simplicity and lower cost.     

Second look endoscopy in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Bleeding peptic ulcer remained an important cause of hospitalization worldwide. Primary endoscopic hemostasis achieved more than 90% of initial hemostasis for bleeding peptic ulcer. Recurrent bleeding amounted to 15% after therapeutic endoscopy, and rebleeding is an important risk factor to peptic ulcer related mortality. Routine second look endoscopy was one of the strategies targeted at prevention of rebleeding. The objective of second look endoscopy was to treat persistent stigmata of recent hemorrhage before rebleeding. Three meta-analyses showed that performance of routine second look endoscopy significantly reduced ulcer rebleeding especially when the endoscopic therapy was performed with thermal coagulation. Two cost-effectiveness analyses, however, demonstrated that selective instead of routine second look endoscopy is the most cost-effective approach to prevent ulcer rebleeding. While international consensus and guidelines did not recommend routine performance of second look endoscopy for prevention of ulcer rebleeding, further research should focus on identification of patients with high risk of rebleeding and investigate the effect of selective second look endoscopy in prevention of rebleeding among these patients.     

Endoscopic findings and management of dengue patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

There are 100 million cases of dengue infection, 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths annually due to dengue worldwide. Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common type of severe hemorrhage in dengue fever. However, there are no reports about the clinical applications of endoscopic therapy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGI) in dengue patients. From June 17, 2002 to January 30, 2003, 1,156 patients with confirmed dengue virus infection were treated at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. We analyzed those patients who had received endoscopic therapy for UGI. The characteristic endoscopic findings, therapeutic courses, and amount of blood component transfused were collected from their charts for statistical analysis. Among the 1,156 dengue patients, 97 (8.4%) had complications of UGI bleeding during hospitalization. The endoscopic findings included hemorrhagic (and/or erosive) gastritis in 67% of the patients, gastric ulcer in 57.7%, duodenal ulcer in 26.8%, and esophageal ulcer in 3.1%. Of the 73 patients with peptic ulcer, 42 (57.5%) met the endoscopic criteria (recent hemorrhage) for endoscopic hemostasis therapy. Peptic ulcer patients with recent hemorrhage required more transfusions with packed red blood cells (P = 0.002) and fresh frozen plasma (P = 0.05) than those without recent hemorrhage. Among these 42 patients with recent hemorrhage, endoscopic injection therapy was conducted in 15 patients (group A). The other 27 patients (group B) did not receive endoscopic therapy. After endoscopy, patients in group A required more transfusions with packed red blood cells (P = 0.03) and fresh frozen plasma (P = 0.014) than did patients in group B. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in duration of hospital stay and amounts of transfused platelet concentrate after endoscopy. Medical treatment with blood transfusion is the mainstay of management of UGI bleeding in dengue patients. Patients having peptic ulcer with recent hemorrhage require more transfusions with packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma for management of UGI bleeding than those without recent hemorrhage. However, when peptic ulcer with recent hemorrhage is encountered during the endoscopic procedure, endoscopic injection therapy is not an effective adjuvant treatment of hemostasis in dengue patients with UGI bleeding.     

胶体果胶铋干混悬剂治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的疗效分析

背景:对于胶体果胶铋干混悬剂治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性消化性溃疡的疗效是否优于胶体果胶铋胶囊,目前尚无相关的临床研究。目的:比较胶体果胶铋干混悬剂与胶体果胶铋胶囊对Hp阳性消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年1月~2013年4月中南大学湘雅二医院门诊初治的126例Hp阳性的消化性溃疡患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,分别给予胶体果胶铋干混悬剂+标准三联方案以及胶体果胶铋胶囊+标准三联方案,评估比较临床症状缓解情况、内镜下溃疡愈合情况以及Hp根除率。结果:观察组患者胃溃疡(84.6%对55.6%)、十二指肠溃疡(84.8%对62.1%)2周末症状消失率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),但两组4周末症状消失率无明显差异(P0.05)。观察组的溃疡治疗总有效率(98.2%对84.0%)、总体Hp的PP根除率(89.5%对72.7%)和ITT根除率(81.0%对63.5%)均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组均未见严重不良反应。结论:胶体果胶铋干混悬剂治疗Hp阳性消化性溃疡的疗效优于胶体果胶铋胶囊。     

Argon plasma coagulation versus injection sclerotherapy in peptic ulcer hemorrhage--a prospective, controlled study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Slovenia, the annual incidence of peptic ulcer hemorrhage is 118/100,000 inhabitants, with mortality up to 14%. Interventional endoscopy has largely reduced mortality in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation and injection sclerotherapy in bleeding peptic ulcer. METHODOLOGY: A prospective, controlled study which includes 100 patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage (male 63, female 37, av.age 57.1 years, SD+/-16, span 26-80; gastric ulcer 50 patients, duodenal ulcer 50 patients) in the period between 1.01.1999 and 15.05.2000 treated in our institution. The bleeding activity was determined according to the Forrest classification. Fifty patients were randomized to receive argon plasma coagulation (ARCO 2000 ES unit, group A) and in fifty patients injection sclerotherapy (sclerosing with diluted adrenalin 1:10,000 plus polidocanol 1%, group B) was performed. The groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, site, severity of bleeding, use of NSAID and additional diseases. RESULTS: Clinically and endoscopically diagnosed rebleeding occured in 7/50 patients (14%) in group A and in 9/50 patients (18%) in group B; p=0.78. The majority of rebleeding occured within 48 hours after endoscopic hemostasis, group A 4-/7 (57.1%), group B 7/9 (77.7%), p = 0.74. Repeated endoscopic hemostasis did not prove successful in 8 patients (group A 3/50, 6%, group B 5/50, 10%), p=0.71. Seven patients were treated operatively. The total mortality rate was 9% (9/100 patients, group A 4/50, 8%, group B 5/50, 10%), p>0.05. Only one patient died due to peptic ulcer hemorrhage, other 8 patients died due to concomitant diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Argon plasma coagulation seems to be an effective and safe alternative to other hemostatic modalities in peptic ulcer hemorrhage.     

Diagnostic emergency endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding--do we have any decision aids for patient selection?

The benefit of emergency endoscopy and therapeutic policies based on certain stigmata of bleeding has recently been demonstrated in patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Applying a simple method of computer-aided diagnosis to a set of prospective data (n = 571) we investigated the question as to whether information on the history (28 variables) and clinical examination (8 variables) could be used to predict ulcer bleeding or certain stigmata of bleeding, with a view to deciding when to perform an emergency endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patients were assigned to either a high-risk group (probability greater than 0.50 for ulcer bleeding, arterial bleeding, etc.) or a low-risk group (p less than 0.50), and the prediction was compared with the actual findings at endoscopy. The results were disappointing, with an overall accuracy of 71% for the prediction of bleeding peptic ulcer and 71% for the prediction of a bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel. Despite a relative risk of 2.8 for "bleeding ulcer" and 2.5 for "visible vessel" in the high-risk group, only 72% of all "bleeding ulcer" patients, and 69% of the "visible vessel" patients could be identified by the model. These results indicate that neither a bleeding ulcer nor stigmata of bleeding can be reliably predicted by the patient's history and clinical examination. Emergency endoscopy should therefore be performed in all patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.     

Endoscopic Injection of Absolute Ethanol Achieves Ultimate Hemostasis in Bleeding Caused by Peptic Ulcers

Abstract: This study was performed to assess the efficacy of endoscopic injection therapy with absolute ethanol to prevent emergency surgery and recurrent bleeding in patients with peptic ulcers. We compared two different treatment protocols of peptic ulcers with active bleeding or with visible vessels on the ulcer bed. In group I (1981–1984, control group), 45 patients underwent emergency endoscopy with spraying 0.1% epinephrine and thrombin, but no other endoscopic hemostatic procedure. In group II (1989–1992, experimental group), we performed endoscopic injection therapy with absolute ethanol for peptic ulcers in 46 patients. The background characteristics of the patients were not different in the two groups. The rate of successful initial hemostasis tended to be greater in the ethanol injection group compared with the control group without significance. The ultimate hemostatic rate in the ethanol injection group was markedly and significantly greater compared to the control group (P<0.05). Ultimate hemostasis by ethanol injection was performed effectively in peptic ulcers with spurting and oozing hemorrhage and in the non-bleeding peptic ulcers with visible vessels at the initial endoscopy (P<0.05 for each). These results indicate that ethanol injection therapy by endoscopy achieves ultimate hemostasis and prevents emergency surgery due to hemorrhage from peptic ulcers. (Dig Endoc 1994; 6 : 34–38)     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.