State of the microcirculation after massive transfusion of dogs with homologous donors' blood

Normovolemic exchange transfusion with homologous donors' blood causes moderate slowing of the blood flow in the microcirculation of the recipient dogs together with mild or moderately severe intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes. In 25% of cases acute phenomena of retention of blood in the mesenteric microvessels develop, accompanied by a fall in the level of perfusion in the microvessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. Acute disturbances of the microcirculation are transient in character.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 273–276, September, 1977.     

Comparative study of intravital microcirculation and blood rheology in rats after burns of different degress of severity

Experiments on rats showed that burn trauma is accompanied by disturbances of the microcirculation, hemoconcentration, and increased viscosity of the blood, which are especially marked in vessels with low pressure. Changes in the mesenteric microcirculation coincided with changes in the dynamic viscosity and composition of the blood determined in vitro. These disturbances were more marked after extensive and deep burns, accompanied by severe shock ending in death than after moderately severe burns, the consequences of which were less serious.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Extremal States, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 284–286, September, 1979.     

Experimental study of hematopoiesis in rats with exchange replacement of blood by perfluorotributylamine emulsion

Exchange blood replacement with perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) emulsion was carried out in experiments on unanesthetized rats. During the period of blood exchange and for the next 5 days the rats were maintained on an increased oxygen concentration. On the sixth day the animals were returned to ordinary atmospheric conditions, and systematic observation commenced on that day and continued for 1 year. On the sixth day after exchange blood replacement, marked activation of erythropoiesis was found in the bone marrow of the rats and reticulocytosis in their peripheral blood. Meanwhile a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration and an increase in the number of lymphocytes and mature and immature neutrophils were found in the blood; immature erythropoietic cells-polychromatophilic erythroblasts and normoblasts-were present. The normal peripheral blood indices were completely restored by the 13th day and the morphological composition of the bone marrow by the 28th day; for the next 12 months hematopoiesis in the rats was maintained without appreciable deviations. It can be concluded from these results that the PFTBA emulsion has no adverse effect on hematopoiesis in animals and does not disturb the normal process of regulation of hematopoiesis under these experimental conditions.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology and Laboratory of New Blood Substitutes, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 6, pp. 531–533, June, 1979.     

Effect of short-term cerebral ischemia on the mesenteric microcirculation in rats

The effect of cerebral ischemia produced by compression of both common carotid arteries on the mesenteric microcirculation was studied in experiments on rats. The extent and intensity of the microcirculatory disturbances were shown to depend on the duration of ischemia and of the postischemic period. The state of the systemic hemodynamics was compared with that of the mesenteric microcirculation. The possible mechanisms of the microcirculatory disturbances are discussed.Laboratory of General Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 9–12, July, 1979.     

Conjugated catecholamines in rats transfused with perfluorocarbon blood substitute

The reappearance of circulating catecholamines (CAs) after transfusion with perfluorocarbon blood substitute and the importance of blood for CA conjugation were determined in rats. Arterial plasma concentrations of unconjugated (i.e. free), sulfoconjugated and glucuronoconjugated forms of the CAs dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (AD) in cannulated, anesthetized, control rats remained stable during the 4.5 h long experiments. Contrarily, in parallel experiments with another group of rats, replacement of blood by the perfluorocarbon blood substitute initially lowered the arterial concentrations of DA glucuronide, free AD and AD glucuronide; subsequently, free DA, NA and AD increased, followed by delayed increases in conjugated CA levels. These changes in CA concentrations preceded a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure (pa) and thus were not the consequences of hypotension.     

Effect of exchange blood transfusion on some indices of skeletal muscle metabolism

After replacement of 85% of the blood volume in healthy dogs and also in animals with transfusion shock the content of the nitrogenous fractions and activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the skeletal muscles were studied for 7 days. The exchange blood transfusion produced a good therapeutic effect on the animals with transfusion shock. However, the process of flushing of nonprotein substances from the tissues of these animals was much less complete than in healthy animals.Experimental Division, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, L'vov. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 1423–1424, December, 1976.     

Changes in the microcirculation in rats with experimental trigeminal neuralgia

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain and Laboratory of General Pathology of the Microcirculation, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 9–11, January, 1991.     

Effect of short-term disturbances of the microcirculation on myocardial energy metabolism

Disturbance of the microcirculation by injection of high-molecular-weight dextran and vasopressin leads within a few minutes to intensification of glycolysis in the myocardium. This is shown by a lowering of the glycogen concentration, an increase in phosphorylase activity, and elevation of the pyruvate level. The concentration of high-energy phosphates still remains unchanged. Activation of glycolysis can be regarded as the initial metabolic response to hypoxia resulting from disturbance of the microcirculation.Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 11, pp. 572–574, November, 1977.     

异种输血对大鼠内脏功能的影响

目的观测静脉输注人、猪、豚鼠全血对大鼠存活及内脏功能的影响,为今后研究供体特异性输血诱导异种免疫耐受奠定基础。方法大鼠阴茎背静脉输注人、猪、豚鼠全血,每只大鼠每天１ｍｌ。输人血的４５只大鼠平均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,其相应输血总量分别为１ｍｌ,６ｍｌ,１０ｍｌ,观察大鼠一般情况,存活率,并在输血后第１０天,第６０天分别处死７只、８只,行ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、Ａ－ａＤＯ２、ＧＰＴ、ＧＯＴ、ＴＰ、ＬＤＨ、Ｃｒ、ＢＵＮ以及心、肝、肾、肺、脾脏、胃、血管病理形态检查。输注猪、豚鼠血大鼠仅观察一般情况,存活率。结果输注人、猪、豚鼠血大鼠精神好,全部存活。输人血前及输血后第１０天,第６０天大鼠组及各组间ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、Ａ－ａＤＯ２、ＧＰＴ、ＧＯＴ、ＴＰ、ＬＤＨ、Ｃｒ、ＢＵＮ比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。心、肝、肺、肾、脾、胃、血管病理检查无异常发现。结论大鼠接受异种全血静脉输注不会损伤大鼠内脏功能。     

激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流变化

目的:用激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流的变化,探讨梗阻侧肾间质纤维化的发病机制及健侧肾的代偿机制。方法:成年雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组和模型组。假手术组仅将输尿管游离但不结扎离断,模型组行单侧输尿管结扎术。术后第7、14和21天随机选取并处死各组中的6只大鼠,观察双肾病理学改变,并检测双侧肾皮质微循环血流。结果:H-E染色显示假手术组双侧肾各时间点肾单位结构正常,间质无增宽;模型组大鼠梗阻侧肾术后7 d出现早期间质纤维化的病理改变,并随梗阻时间延长逐渐加重;健侧肾小球系膜细胞增生并随代偿时间延长逐渐增多。肾皮质微循环血流,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠健侧肾皮质微循环血流显著增加,梗阻侧肾皮质微循环灌注量先增加后进行性降低。结论:血液流变学改变、梗阻侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量进行性减少是肾间质纤维化的发病机制之一;而健侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量增高,在一定程度上有利于健侧肾的功能代偿。