彩色多普勒超声在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的诊断价值.方法 将2009年1月-2009年12月间在我院诊疗的下肢DVT患者36例进行彩色多普勒超声诊断,并了解其诊断价值.结果 彩色多普勒超声诊断准确率为100.00%.急性下肢DVT 25例,二维超声显示：栓塞静脉增宽,呈中低回声,管壁无增厚,管腔加压不能被压闭;CDFI可探及条状血流信号或无血流信号.亚急性和慢性下肢DVT 11例,二维超声显示：管壁与血栓界线欠清,管壁增厚,呈高回声;CDFI可探及条带状血流,可见丰富的侧支血流.结论 彩色多普勒超声对下肢DVT的诊断准确性高,操作方便,值得应用.     

下肢深静脉血栓的超声诊断及临床应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在下肢深静脉血栓形成中的诊断价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声对30例下肢深静脉血栓患者声像图进行分析、探讨。结果：30例下肢深静脉血栓患者血栓情况分别为左侧多于右侧,单侧多见。病变好发部位依次为,腘静脉54.8%,股浅静脉38.7%,股总静脉38.7%,股深静脉41.2%,胫后静脉9.7%,髂股静脉6.5%,未发现胫前静脉受累。结论：彩色多普勒超声对下肢深静脉血栓诊断有重要的临床应用价值,可作为首选的影像学诊断方法。     

疏血通注射液治疗深静脉血栓形成的临床观察

目的:观察疏血通注射液治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效和安全性.方法:92例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各46例.试验组用疏血通注射液,缓慢静脉滴注,对照组用低分子肝素皮下注射,疗程均为2周.分别记录治疗前后凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值及纤维蛋白原的检验结果.结果:试验组患者治疗后APTT和PT延长,而对照组治疗前后APTT和PT变化不明显,试验组纤维蛋白原降低,但仍在正常范围内,而对照组无明显变化.两组相比有统计学意义(P=0.01).试验组和对照组总有效率分别为95.7%和93.5%(P=0.10).两组均未出现严重不良反应.结论:疏血通注射液治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成安全有效,其作用机制可能是通过抑制凝血功能和降低纤维蛋白原来实现的.     

Recent advances in biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment

With the availability of new technologies and the increased interest of medical practitioners to use molecular biomarkers in early detection and diagnosis, and in the prediction of therapeutic treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes, the academic and research institutions, as well as the pharmaceutical industry, have increased their efforts to develop novel molecular biomarkers for several human diseases, including cancer. The identification of molecular biomarkers also enables the development of a new generation of diagnostic products and to integrate diagnostics and therapeutics. This integrated approach will aid in 'individualizing' the medical practice. Here, we address issues related to the development of biomarkers, novel technological platforms used for drug development, future technologies and strategies for validating biomarkers for their clinical utility.     

围生期孕妇下肢深静脉血栓超声诊断分析

目的：探讨超声对围生期孕妇下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：回顾分析本院41例围生期孕妇下肢深静脉血栓资料,这些患者后来均经手术、静脉造影、MRI或临床确诊。结果：围生期共诊断孕妇下肢深静脉血栓41例,2D图像显示41例患者管腔内有不同程度血栓,呈低或强回声,其中右侧胫后静脉血栓12例,左侧胫后静脉血栓25例,双侧胫后静脉血栓2例,左侧腓静脉血栓1例,左侧胫前静脉血栓1例;合并左侧股总静脉血栓3例;合并左侧腘静脉血栓2例。结论：超声检查对诊断围生期孕妇下肢深静脉血栓有十分重要的意义。     

髋 膝关节置换术后发生深静脉血栓的护理

目的总结针对髋、膝关节置换术患者术后发生深静脉血栓的护理措施。方法选择2009年1月至2013年12月在该科行髋、膝关节置换术患者109例,随机分成对照组（55例）和观察组（54例）。对照组患者在围术期接受常规护理,观察组患者针对深静脉血栓实施干预护理。对比两组患者术后深静脉血栓的发生情况和患者对护理质量的满意度。结果术后观察组中深静脉血栓发生率[1.85%（1/54）]明显低于对照组[14.55%（8/55）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;同时,观察组患者在服务质量、服务态度、健康教育、心理支持等护理质量的评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论针对髋、膝关节置换术患者术后深静脉血栓实施干预护理,能够有效降低深静脉血栓的发生率,提高患者的满意度,临床意义显著,值得在临床护理工作中参考和借鉴。     

Bemiparin: a review of its use in the prevention of venous thromboembolism and treatment of deep vein thrombosis

Bemiparin (bemiparin sodium; Hibor, Ivor, Zibor, Badyket) is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with a lower mean molecular weight (3600 D) and a higher anti-Xa/IIa ratio (8:1) than other LMWHs. Bemiparin was effective as thromboprophylaxis in surgical patients in well controlled clinical trials. No cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were reported in low- to moderate-risk patients receiving prophylaxis with bemiparin 2500 anti-Xa IU/day for 7 days or unfractionated heparin (UFH) 5000 anti-Xa IU twice daily for 7 days. In high-risk patients, bemiparin 3500 anti-Xa IU/day for > or =8 days was more effective than UFH 5000 anti-Xa IU twice daily for > or =8 days in the prevention of VTE in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Postoperative bemiparin 3500 anti-Xa IU/day for 10 days was as effective as enoxaparin 4000 anti-Xa IU/day for 10 days commenced 12 hours before surgery in high-risk patients undergoing total knee replacement. As a short-term treatment for acute established deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bemiparin 5000-10 000 anti-Xa IU/day (dependent on bodyweight) for 7 or 10 days was more effective than intravenous UFH (5000 anti-Xa IU bolus followed by 30,000 or 40,000 anti-Xa IU/day for 7 days) in reducing thrombus size from baseline. Bemiparin 3500 anti-Xa IU/day was also as effective as oral warfarin (10 mg/day for the first 3 days, then adjusted to achieve an international normalised ratio between 2 and 3) for the long-term (12 weeks) treatment of DVT, although data are limited. Subcutaneous bemiparin was generally well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse events in clinical trials were postoperative bleeding complications (similar incidence to that with UFH or enoxaparin in high-risk patients, lower incidence in low- to moderate-risk patients). CONCLUSIONS: Bemiparin is a new LMWH which has shown efficacy in a small number of well controlled trials in the prevention of postoperative VTE in low- to moderate- and high-risk patients and in the treatment of established DVT. It can be initiated pre- or post-operatively, whereas recommendations for other LMWHs in Europe primarily involve preoperative initiation. Additional comparative studies would be beneficial in determining the overall place of bemiparin, particularly with respect to the relative incidence of bleeding complications. In the meantime, available data suggest that bemiparin is an effective and useful addition to the available range of LMWHs for the prevention of VTE and treatment of DVT.     

Value of Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis.

Doppler ultrasound was used to study 120 legs of 106 patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism. Venography was subsequently performed in all. DVT was confirmed by venography in 44 legs and was confined to the calf in 10 of these. Ultrasound detected three calf thromboses and 29 out of 34 more extensive thromboses. Of five undetected thrombi that were proximal to the calf one was associated with partial occlusion and four with extensive collateral circulation. Of the 76 limbs without venographic evidence of thrombosis 21 were thought to have DVT by ultrasound; 18 of these false-positive results could be attributed to external compression of veins, two to excessive tenderness precluding adequate examination; and in one no explanation was found. This test gives more accurate results than judging by clinical signs alone, but users must be aware of its limitations and, particularly, the causes of false-positive and false-negative results.     

Recent advances of biomimetic nano-systems in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor

The lack of effective methods of diagnosis and treatment presents a major barrier to combat against tumor. The biomimetic concept is an emerging field that expresses great application potential in tumor fighting. Strategy for combining nano-systems with biomimetic technology has gained increasing attention that is proved bioinspired, environmentally benign, and promising. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of biomimetic nano-systems as well as their applications in tumor therapy. In addition, the challenges and future directions of biomimetic nano-systems to achieve clinical translation are also pointed out.     

彩色多普勒超声在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的价值。方法对70例DVT患者采用彩色多普勒超声诊断,并对结果进行分析。结果 70例患者中DVT发生于左下肢43例,右下肢27例。左下肢DVT混合型发生率为18.6%高于右下肢的11.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性DVT无回声率高于亚急性和慢性,急性与慢性DVT血管不能压缩率和无血流信号率均高于亚急性,亚急性与慢性侧支循环率高于急性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断DVT无创、重复性强,能早期、准确显示血管的解剖结构和血流状态。     

预防深静脉血栓的研究进展

深静脉血栓是住院患者常见并发症,由于深静脉血栓起病隐匿,不易察觉,往往在发病后才被发现,易对患者造成较大危害。笔者对深静脉血栓的发生病因、国内外流行病学、预防措施及护理管理方法进行总结,望能对深静脉血栓的预防及护理提供参考。