Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: VASCULAR SURGERY, VOLUME 1, PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASES.: By JOHN J. CRANLEY A SHORT TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY.: By SELWYN TAYLOR SURGERY IN WORLD WAR II: ORTHOæDIC SURGERY IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR.: By MEDICAL DEPARTMENT ANGIOGRAPHY OF TRAUMA.: By WHEI-RUNG FU HAMILTON BAILEY'S “EMERGENCY SURGERY”.: Edited by T. J. McNAIR DU VRIES' SURGERY OF THE FOOT.: Edited by VERNE T. INMAN COMMON SURGICAL EMERGENCIES.: By C. BAKRIE WILLTAMS PATIENT CARE IN CARDIAC SURGERY.: By DOUGLAS M. BEHRENDT THE PARANASAL SINUSES: ANATOMY AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE.: By FRANK N. RITTER PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY.: By MERVIN J. GOLDMAN CURRENT PRACTICE IN ORTHOæDIC SURGERY.: Edited by JAMES P. AHSTROM EXENTERATIVE SURGERY OF THE PELVIS.: By JOHN S. SPRATT FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES IN ADULTS.: By GAUKE KOOTSTRA GENERAL UROLOGY.: By DONALD R. SMITH THE OXYGENATOR: VOLUME II OF MANUAL ON ARTIFICIAL ORGANS.: By YUKIHIKO NOSE INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE LECTURES.: By THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOæDIC SURGEONS SYMPOSIUM ON æSTHETIC SURGERY OF THE NOSE, EARS AND CHIN.: Edited by F. W. MASTERS and J. R. LEWIS PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF THE GENITAL AREA.: Edited by CHARLES E. HORTON ATLAS OF æSTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY.: By JOHN RANSOM LEWIS     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. By W. F. GANONG, M.D. RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY, VOLUME 14. Edited by G. CHAPCHAL. THE PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM. By CHARLES MARKS, M.D., F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.S., F.C.C.P., F.A.C.C. THE HIP: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST OPEN SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE HIP SOCIETY, 1973. St Louis: The C. V. Mosby THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION AND HÆMOSTASIS. By J. P. MITCHELL, M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.S. (Edin.) THE INFLUENCE OF PANCREATIC TUMOURS ON THE STOMACH. By ROBERT M. ZOLLINGER, M.D. and DAVID W. COLEMAN     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: COLOUR ATLAS OF PARATHYROID EXPLORATION : By Andrew gunn . TRAUMA, SEPSIS AND SHOCK: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPY : edited by H. A. Clowes Jr. THE HEART OF A SURGEON: THE MEMOIRS OF HARRY WINDSOR . By Harry Windsor FRCS, FRACS. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY . Edited by J. Noble and C. S. B. Galasko . 1987 YEAR BOOK OF SURGERY . Edited by S. I. Schwartz MD, O. Jonasson MD. E. E Peacock Jr MD, G. T. Shires , F. C. Spencer MD and J. C. Thompson MD. THE MORBID ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BODY : by Matthew Baillie . Commentary and reconstitution by Harold Attwood . HARDY'S TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY : by James D. Hardy .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: THE KNEE AND THE CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS: Edited by R. P. Jacob and H-U. Staubli SURGERY OF THE OESOPHAGUS, 2ND EDN: Edited by T. P. J. Hennessy and A. Cuschieri THE IMPACT OF THE PAST UPON THE PRESENT: Edited by P. Winterton and D. Gurry TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY POCKET COMPANION: Edited by D. C. Sabiston and H. K. Lyerly VARICOSE VEINS AND RELATED DISORDERS: By D. J. Tibbs COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN UROLOGY; Edited by H. H. Schild , F. J. Schweden and E. K. Lang NON-NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE ANORECTUM: Edited by L. Demling and P. Fruhmorgen     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY: TREATME NT OF COMPLICATIONS AND PREVENTION OF INJURIES By FRANS UYTTENBROECK, M.D. INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE LECTURES, VOLUME XXIX By THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS. ATLAS OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY By Louis A DIAGNOSTIC AND SURGICAL ARTHROSCOPY. THE KNEE AND OTHER JOINTS By LANNY L. JOHNSON, M.D. OPERATIVE STRATEGY IN GENERAL SURGERY: AN EXPOSITIVE ATLAS Volume By JAMESON L. CHASSIN, M.D. DEVELOPMENTS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY Volume 1 Edited by W. STRAUB. OCULAR MICROSURGERY Edited by A. S. M. LIM, L. C. Y. KHOO and L. B., C. ANG. Basel, Munchen CHANGING THE BODY: PSYCHOLOCICAL EFFECTS OF PLASTIC SURGERY By JOHN M. GOIN, M.D., and MARCIA KRAFT GOIN, M.D. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF THE FACE: COSMETIC SURGERY By FRANK W. PIRRUCCELLO, M.D. BIOMECHANICS OF THE LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS: CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS By F. PAUWELS Translated by PAUL MARQUET, M.D., and RONALD FURLONG, M.B., B.S. CURRENT CONCEPTS OF INTERNAL FIXATION OF FRACTURES Edited by HANS K. UHTHOFF, M.D. THE ESOPHAGUS: REFLUX AND PRIMARY MOTOR DISORDERS By ROBERT D. HENDERSON, M.B., F.R.C.S.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: ALEXIS CARREL, VISIONARY SURGEON. By W. STERLING EDWARDS, M.D. and PETER D. EDWARDS, with a foreword by CHARLES A. LINDBERGH SURGERY OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM: A HANDBOOK OF OPERATIVE SURGERY. By CLAUDE E. WELCH, M.D., D.Sc. PLASTIC SURGERY. By TORD SKOOG, M.D., F.A.C.S. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. By P. E. LORENZ ACUPUNCTURE FOR PHYSICIANS. By TERUO MATSUMOTO, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.S. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED WORKS OF FREDERIC WOOD JONES 1879–1954. By BARRY E. CHRISTOPHERS, M.B, B.S., B.Sc. SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ORTHOP/EDIC SURGERY. By THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE LECTURES. By THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS. St Louis DISEASES OF BONE AND JOINTS. By LOUIS LICHENSTEIN, M.D. CURRENT SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. Edited By J. ENGLEBERT DUNPHY, M.D. and LAWRENCE W. WAY, M.D. THE GREAT TRADITION: A HISTORY OF ADULT EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA. By DEREK WHITELOCK, THE HIP: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND OPEN SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE HIP SOCIETY     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: REOPERATIVE SURGERY OF THE ABDOMEN ( Science and Practice of Surgery Series, Volume 6. ): Edited by Donald E. Fry DIETARY FIBRE, FIBRE-DEPLETED FOODS AND DISEASE : by Hugh Trowell , Denis Burkitt and Kenneth Heaton PREPARATION AND REVISION FOR THE F.R.C.S : by W. E. G. Thomas SURGERY OF OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE : by Reginald S. A. Lord COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY OF THE LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT : by J. A. R. Smith and Irving Taylor SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON CLINICAL SURGERY : by Allan Clain     

Book Reviews

THE AETIOLOGY OF COMPRESSED AIR INTOXICATION AND INERT GAS NARCOSIS P. B. BENNETT
ANÆSTHESIA FROM COLONIAL TIMES JAMES E. ECKENHOFF
CLINICAL ANÆSTHESIA: MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT IN SHOCK Edited by LOUIS R. ORKIN
CLINICAL ANÆTHESIA: RESPIRATORY THERAPY Edited: PETER SAFAR
MEDICAL AND DENTAL HYPNOSIS AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS JOHN HARTLAND with chapter on THE USES OF HYPNOSIS IN DENTAL SURGERY by Stanley Tinkler     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: CURRENT SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OUTPATIENT SURGERY UROLOGY FOR NURSES SURGICAL SEPSIS PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE CARE OF THE SURGICAL PATIENT IMMUNODIAGNOSIS AND IMMUNOTHERAPY OF MALIGNANT TUMORS GUIDE TO HOUSE SURGEONS IN THE SURGICAL UNIT BUSSELTON NORMS: Statistics of the Physiological Variables Measured at the Busselton Health Survey 1972 A COLOUR ATLAS OF TEMPORAL BONE SURGICAL ANATOMY STURT THE CHIPPED IDOL: A Study of Charles Sturt, Explorer     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: UROLOGY FOR NURSES. THE EVOLUTION OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY, 1607–1939. PROFILES IN TRAUMA. THE BlLlARY TRACT. JOHN HUNTER. PULMONARY ?DEMA. TUMOURS OF BONE. PROGRESS IN SURGERY, VOLUME 8. CHEST TUBES AND CHEST BOTTLES. LAW AND THE SURGICAL TEAM. IMMUNOLOGIC RESISTANCE TO CANCER PRODUCED BY ELECTROCOAGULATION. ALL ABOUT A COLOSTOMY. RECENT ADVANCES IN SURGERY. RECENT ADVANCES IN ORTHOPEDICS. DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BLOWOUT FRACTURES OF THE ORBIT: WITH CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL ASPECTS.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
FUNDAMENTALS OF NERVE BLOCKING
VINCENT J. COLLINS with the assistance of the late EMERY ANDREW ROVENSTINE
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY RELATING TO ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY
BARRY D. WYKE
ANÆSTHETIC ACCIDENTS
V. KEATING
RESUSCITATION OF THE NEWBORN INFANT
HAROLD AMBRAMSON (EDITOR)
HYPOTHERMIA AND THE EFFECTS OF COLD     

Evaluation of the quality of life in ophthalmology

THE IMPORTANCE OF VISUAL FUNCTION IN THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE: The notion of visual function is related to visual acuity but also to many other parameters such as the visual field, perception of colour, contrasts, and the resistance to blinding. These factors are difficult to measure during routine ophthalmic examination but can be assessed during questionnaires on quality of life. MARKERS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN OPHTHALMOLOGY: Various quality of life questionnaires have been developed in ophthalmology because the non-specific generic instruments appear inadequate. The SF 36 and SF 20 scales, which are generic instruments widely used in many fields, do not adequately explore the problems related to vision. The first efficient instrument is the VF 14, which is a questionnaire specific to ophthalmic diseases, developed by C. Mangione in 1992. This self-administered questionnaire permits calculation of a 0 to 100 score exploring 5 dimensions (long-sight acuity, near-sight acuity, unclear sight, and driving during the day and at night) during 14 activities with 18 questions. It was translated and adapted into French by Gresset in 1997. Today it is the most commonly used questionnaire in ophthalmology, particularly in the assessment of efficacy and impact in surgery. Along the other specific questionnaires developed, there is the NEI-VQF which was created in 1995 to assess vision and the impact of visual problems on the quality of life of patients, independently of an ophthalmic pathology. Many studies have been conducted on various diseases that affect vision, such as diabetes or hypertension. THE LIMITS OF EXISTING INSTRUMENTS: The specific scales appear far more sensitive and specific than generic scales with regard to ophthalmic problems, but they provide less information on the general status of the patient, except for the NEI-VQF. They are limited in some parameters and do not, unfortunately, take into account the patient's age. No specific scale has been developed for children or adolescents, although the impact of vision on daily life is fundamental. The complexity of vision means that the elaboration of an ideal instrument is difficult. However, in the meantime, it is essential that the practitioners continue to use and to test the instruments available in order to improve with regard to pathologies, or in particular sub-groups of the population.     

BOOK REVIEWS AND BOOKS RECEIVED

Book Reviewed in this article: CLINICAL SCIENCE FOR SURGEONS , Edited by V. Marshall and J. Ludbrook . MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA , By Charles C. Allinc III and Donald B. Osbon . HORMONAL MANIPULATION OF CANCER; PEPTIDES; GROWTH FACTORS; AND NEW (ANTI) STEROIDAL AGENTS , Edited by J. G. M. Klijn . A VERY SHORT TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY , By P. Ryan . AUSTRALIA'S HEALTH: THE FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT BY THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HEALTH THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY , Edited by S. P. F. Hughes , M. K. D'A. Benson and C. L. Colton . THE PRACTICE OF HAND SURGERY , Edited by D. W. Lamb , G. Hooper and K. Kuczynski . Books recieved     

The prognostic tools of hepatitis C virus infections

INCREASE IN ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALAT): Used for many Years in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic hepatic diseases related to HCV, the determination of ALAT presents various limits: variation from one patient to the other and in the same patient over time, absence of specificity and inconstant increase. HISTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE LIVER: The hepatic needle-biopsy remains the best means of assessing precisely the hepatic impact. Several scores of hepatic involvement exist, the most frequently used is the Metavir score that takes into account not only the necrotic-inflammatory activity but also the fibrosis. OTHER THAN THE HEPATIC NEEDLE-BIOPSY: There are complications with the hepatic needle-biopsy and non-invasive markers of fibrosis and hepatic necrotic-inflammatory activity have been looked for. Two scores have hence been developed from the measurement in the blood of 4 proteins (apolipoprotein A1, alpha2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin and bilirubin) and 2 enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) which provide an acurate assessment of the fibrosis (Fibrotest) and the necrotic-inflammatory activity (Actitest).     

Book Reviews And Books Received

THE ELBOW AND ITS DISORDERS By Bernard F. Morrey , MD. DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IN SURGERY By Ronald Eisenberg , MD. PANNING STRATEGIES OF INTRANCRANIAL MICROSURGERY By Wolfgang Seeger . VASCULAR DISEASE OF THE GUT: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT By Adrian Marston MA, DM, MCh(Oxon) FRCS(Eng), MD (Hon. Caus Nice). SURGERY OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM Edited by Lloyd M. Nyhus MD, FACS and Christopher Wastell MS, FRCS. HANDBOOK OF GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES Edited by Gary Gitnick MD.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: AN ANTHOLOGY OF PLASTIC SURGERY : Edited by Harry hayes EMERGENCY PEDIATRICS : edited by Roger M. Barkin and Peter Rosen HANDBOOK OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY : by H. Robert Brashear and R. Beverly Raney PLAIN X-RAY DIAGNOSIS OF THE ACUTE ABDOMEN : by Malcolm H. Gough , Michael W. L. Gear and Abdallah S. Daar PATHOLOGY FOR THE PRIMARY FRCS : by D. L. Gardner and D. E. F. Tweedle MANAGEMENT OF BACK PAIN : by Richard W. Porter THE CONUS MEDULLARIS AND CAUDA EQUINA IN MAN AN ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES AND VEINS : by H. V. Crock , M. Yamagishi and M. C. Crock     

Die Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris juvenilis im Röntgenbild

AIMS OF DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY: Visualization of the proximal femur in two clearly defined projections. Radiologic and morphological diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Evaluation of the stability of the femoral epiphysis: chronic slippage or acute interruption of continuity between the femoral epiphysis and the femoral neck metaphysis. Radiometric measurement of the spatial deformity of the femoral epiphysis. Measurement of the projected epiphyseal angle on the radiograph as the basis for possible conversion into anatomically correct angles at the proximal femur. Preoperative planning of therapeutic surgical procedures. INDICATIONS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE HIP JOINT IN TWO PLANES: Idiopathic hip pain in the growing child or adolescent. Referred pain to the knee or thigh. Unusual gait pattern with external rotation deformity of the leg, limping that favors one leg or limping due to leg length discrepancy. Abnormal sonography, CT or MRI findings. Eventful history including minor injury or genuine trauma. Symptoms and uncommon physical constitution: obesity, exceptional longitudinal growth of the extremities, and absence of secondary sex characteristics. Indications for Radiographic Imaging of the Hip Joint in Two Planes CONTRAINDICATIONS: None. RADIOLOGIC TECHNIQUE: Standard positioning of the patient or the affected extremity. First standard radiograph: proximal femur in anteroposterior projection. Position of the leg with the patella directed anteriorly. Contraction of the external rotators at the hip joint is compensated by elevation of the hip until the leg is in the neutral position. Second standard radiograph: axial view of the proximal femur in anteroposterior projection. Leg flexed to 90 degrees at the hip and in 45 degrees abduction. Thigh position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the table (zero rotation). RADIOLOGIC MORPHOLOGY: Early signs of incipient or imminent femoral epiphyseolysis: --Disintegration, widening and blurred margins of the epiphyseal plate. --Increasing loss of height of the femoral epiphysis due to incipient dislocation. --The tangent to the lateral femoral neck intersects only slightly with the femoral head or runs tangential to the epiphysis. --Important second radiograph in axial projection: incipient slippage is seen early here. Comparison with the contralateral side. Chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adolescents: --Advanced epiphyseal dislocation visible in both planes. The tangent to the lateral femoral neck no longer intersects with the dislocated femoral epiphysis. In some cases, varus deformity of the femoral neck and periosteal elevation at the borders of the medial femoral neck. --Epiphyseal dislocation even more apparent in the axial view. Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adolescents: --Complete interruption of continuity between epiphysis and metaphysis. --Widened gap between epiphysis and metaphysis. --Cystic irregularities of the metaphysis. --In most cases, substantial dislocation between epiphysis and metaphysis. --"Acute on chronic slip": specific type of acute epiphyseal dislocation subsequent to chronic epiphyseolysis. In addition to signs of acute separation, secondary symptoms of chronic epiphyseolysis such as femoral neck arcuation and spur formation at the head-neck junction. --Dynamic fluoroscopy may be indicated to confirm acute dislocation. EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS: Defined axes are marked on the radiograph: anatomic axis of the femur, femoral neck axis, and so-called epiphyseal axis (perpendicular to the base of the epiphysis). Measurement of the projected epiphysis-diaphysis angle (ED' angle) on the anteroposterior radiograph and the projected epiphyseal torsion angle (ET' angle) on the axial radiograph. DEFINITION OF THE ANATOMIC DISLOCATION ANGLES OF THE FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS (ED AND ET ANGLES) AT THE PROXIMAL FEMUR: For slight to moderate slippage, the difference between the epiphyseal dislocation angle obtained from the radiographs (as projected in two planes) compared with the anatomic, i.e., real dislocation angle at the proximal femur is generally relatively minor. Conversion of the projected angle to the real angle is not essential in these cases (if in doubt, see Table 1). For more severe dislocations, the differences between the projected and real angles are far more apparent. Table 1 facilitates conversion of the epiphyseal dislocation angles taken from the radiograph into anatomically correct dislocation angles at the proximal femur. Conversion to real angles, especially for preoperative planning of complex corrective surgery, is indicated for more severe deformities of the femoral epiphysis. Conversion into real (anatomic) angles is indicated for exact prognostic evaluation of prearthrotic deformities.