微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的疗效对比研究

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的不同疗效及其可能机制。方法寸比分析2003～2004年间经微血管减压术治疗的45例典型三又神经痛患者及17例非典型三叉神经痛患者的临床特征、术中所见年口手术疗效。结果45例典型三叉神经痛患者中，平均痛程3．1年，平均发病年龄60．3岁。其中20例（44．4％）患者中疼痛累及三又神经的单一分支，其余25例（55．6％）疼痛均累及2或3个分支。术中见39例（86．7％）为动脉压迫，6例（13．3％）为动脉和静脉混合压迫。术后疼痛完全缓解44例（97．8％），明显减轻1例（2．2）。而在17例非典型三叉神经痛患者中，平均病程8．7年，平均发病年龄55.5岁，疼痛均累及三叉神经的2或3个分支。术中见10例（58．8％）为动脉压迫，7例（41．2％）为动脉年口静脉混合压迫。术后疼痛完全缓解5倒（29.4％），明显减轻10例（58．8％），无效2例（11．8％）。结论微血管减压术治疗典型三叉神经痛的疗效明显优于非典型患者，这可能与典型三叉神经痛患者的病程较短、发病年龄较晚、疼痛多呈单支分布、且以动脉压迫为主以及术中能够实现充分减压有关。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛对比研究

目的探讨原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛微血管减压术治疗的临床效果。方法选择原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛患者各40例,在全身麻醉气管插管下完成微血管减压术,比较2组术中所见血管压迫来源、压迫程度及血管压迫位置。结果典型三叉神经痛组压迫血管来源为单纯动脉占85.0%,显著高于非典型三叉神经痛组的57.5%(P0.05);来源为动静脉混合占15.0%,显著低于非典型三叉神经痛组的42.5%(P0.05);典型三叉神经痛组血管与神经位置接触者显著高于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),术中发生三叉神经出现萎缩者比例显著少于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),典型三叉神经痛者其压迫血管在近端者显著多于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),压迫血管在远端者显著少于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05)。结论原发性三叉神经痛实施血管减压术,术前鉴定其发病特点,在预测其压迫血管类型、位置及其与神经的关系具有一定临床价值。     

不同类型原发性三叉神经痛的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨不同类型的责任血管及压迫特点对原发性三叉神经痛手术疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2002~2012年微血管减压术治疗的212例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。根据术中发现责任血管类型分为动脉压迫（155例）、静脉压迫（24例）和混合压迫（33例），根据术中发现责任血管压迫特点分为接触压迫型（123例）和粘连包裹型（89例）。结果 手术总有效率为95.8%，动脉压迫、静脉压迫和混合压迫有效率分别为98.1%、95.8%和84.8%，接触压迫型和粘连包裹型有效率分别为98.4%和92.1%。结论 微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效方法，动静脉混合压迫以及术中粘连包裹可能是影响手术疗效的因素。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛46例

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年3月经微血管减压术治疗的46例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料。结果术中发现46例患者三叉神经均存在血管性压迫,责任血管为单根者共40例,其中动脉压迫34例、静脉压迫6例;多根责任血管者6例。术后疼痛完全消失39例（84．8％）,疼痛明显缓解7例（15．2％）。结论微血管减压术是原发性三叉神经痛的理想治疗手段,术前充分的影像学检查、慎密的手术计划、明确责任血管、适当的减压材料、充分的减压三叉神经以及娴熟的显微手术操作技巧是保证疗效的关键。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛65例

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2015年6月行微血管减压术治疗的65例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。结果 术前MRI发现责任血管59例（90.77%）。术中发现动脉压迫40例、动静脉联合压迫14例、两支动脉联合压迫3例、静脉压迫5例、蛛网膜增厚3例;38例单纯接触压迫,10例粘连,13例接触合并神经移位,4例粘连合并神经移位。65例中,58例完全减压,7例未完全减压;术后3个月,45例治愈,10例显效,5例有效,3例无效,2例复发;总有效率为92.31%。结论 微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效确切;术前MRI检查对手术方案的制定有重要价值。     

不同类型三叉神经痛与神经压迫位置的关系

目的探讨不同类型三叉神经痛与神经压迫位置的关系。方法对21例典型三叉神经痛及16例非典型三叉神经痛患者进行微血管减压术,术中探查责任血管压迫位置。结果与非典型组比较,典型组动脉进出脑干端区域(REZ)压迫率显著升高(P0.01)。典型组责任血管为动脉的三叉神经REZ压迫率显著高于非典型组(P0.01)。结论典型三叉神经痛责任血管大多压迫REZ,非典型三叉神经痛大多压迫非REZ,责任血管是否压迫REZ与三叉神经痛类型密切相关。     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的预后影响因素研究

目的　探讨影响微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛手术疗效的因素。方法　分析 6 2例经微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛患者的临床特征、术中所见和术后疗效。血管对神经根的压迫程度分为单纯接触、接触和移位、单纯粘连、粘连和移位、萎缩五种。手术疗效包括术后疼痛立即缓解、延迟缓解、明显减轻和无效。结果　 6 2例患者起病时均表现为典型三叉神经痛 ,但在术前 17例已经转变为不典型。术中发现压迫血管与三叉神经根之间单纯接触 14例、接触和移位 7例、单纯粘连 15例、粘连和移位 18例、萎缩 8例。术后平均随访 14个月 ,疼痛在术后立即缓解 32例 (5 1 6 % ) ,延迟缓解 17例 (2 7 4 % ) ,明显减轻 11例 (17 7% ) ,无效 2例。结论　病程短、症状典型、以动脉压迫为主且能够充分减压的患者 ,术后多能获得好的疗效。相反 ,以静脉压迫为主 ,病程长及症状不典型的患者 ,术后疗效多不理想     

显微血管减压治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的近期疗效观察

经后颅窝入路对7例三叉神经痛、5例面肌痉挛行显微血管减压手术治疗。7例三叉神经痛患者中有6例发现三叉神经根为动脉压迫,1例为静脉压迫。7例病人于血管减压后疼痛完全消失,且无任何神经缺陷遗留。5例面肌痉挛患者中4例面神经根有动脉压迫。血管减压后症状都获得明显缓解,1例在面神经根部未发现血管压迫,此例术后疗效不佳。微血管对神经根的压迫是三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的一种重要病因。显微血管减压治疗这两种疾病的近期疗效甚佳,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

微血管减压术治疗非典型三叉神经痛

三叉神经痛（TN）是一种十分常见的面部疼痛。自从Dandy率先提出TN的神经血管压迫理论以来，微血管减压术（MVD）已成为治疗TN的最为有效的方法。尽管MVD治疗典型TN患者术后即刻疼痛缓解率在90％以上，但对于非典型TN患者术后有效率仅在50％左右。非典型TN与典型TN具有不同的临床特点，为了不断提高MVD治疗非典型TN患者的临床疗效，我们回顾性分析26例在我科接受MVD治疗非典型TN患者的临床表现、术中所见和临床疗效，探讨MVD治疗非典型TN的方法，提高手术疗效。     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛219例的远期疗效分析

目的研究三叉神经痛微血管减压术后远期疗效及相关因素。方法回顾我科收治的三叉神经痛患者219例,观察术后2年疼痛改善情况,并结合年龄,病程,压迫血管类型,有无明显压迹等因素分析三叉神经痛的复发因素。结果影响术后复发的因素中,性别及年龄与术后复发无明显相关性(P均>0.05),而病程<8年,动脉性压迫并有明显压迫切迹者,术后复发率相对较低(P均<0.05)。结论微血管减压术是三叉神经痛的有效治疗措施,但病程,压迫血管类型及压迫程度是影响术后复发的重要因素。     

显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床分析(附110例报告)

目的 探讨原发性三叉神经痛的病因及显微血管减压术治疗的手术技巧.方法 回顾分析从2003年11月到2007年1月本组施行微血管减压手术的110例三叉神经痛病例.结果 110例患者中,术中发现有血管压迫者107例,术后疼痛完全消失105例(95.4%),4例明显减轻,部分缓解1例.平均随访35个月,复发1例,经再次手术后治愈.结论 三叉神经根显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛疗效好,安全可靠,对神经的损伤小,应作为原发性三叉神经痛患者的首选治疗方法.     

Treatment of atypical trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression

AIM: To explore the methods for achieving pain relief in patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using microvascular decompression (MVD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Retrospective study of 26 patients treated during the years 2000 to 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients in whom vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve was identified by high definition magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) were treated with MVD for atypical TN in our department. Clinical presentations, surgical findings and clinical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In this study, single trigeminal division was involved in only 2 patients (8%) and two or three divisions in the other 24 patients (92%). Of prime importance is the fact that in 46.2% of the patients, several conflicting vessels were found in association. Location of the conflicts around the circumference of the trigeminal root was supero-medial to the root in 53.5%, supero-lateral in 30.8% and inferior in 15.7%. MVD for atypical TN resulted in complete pain relief in 50% of the patients with complete decompression, partial pain relief in 30.8% and poor pain relief or pain recurrence in 19.2% of the patients without complete decompression postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Complete decompression of the entire trigeminal root plays an important role in achieving pain relief in patients with atypical TN with MVD.     

经乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术125例临床分析

目的 总结微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的临床经验。方法 术前对125例三叉神经痛患者进行磁共振断层血管成像（MRTA）检查，手术时经乙状窦后锁孔入路，在神经出脑干区寻找责任血管，进行神经、血管的充分游离减压，血管与脑干间置入Teflon棉。结果 术后125例三叉神经痛患者中，121例术后疼痛消失或明显减轻；4例术后症状无明显改善，经射频治疗后疼痛消失。121例随访1～7年，2例两年后复发，总有效率95、2％，其余均无疼痛发作。术后2例出现颅内感染，无永久性并发症出现。结论 头颅MRTA检查有助于术前判断责任血管与神经的关系，手术时在神经出脑干区发现责任血管并进行充分游离减压是手术成功的关键。     

磁共振断层血管成像及神经内镜在判断原发性三叉神经痛病因中的作用

目的 探讨磁共振断层血管成像(MRTA)及神经内镜在判断原发性三叉神经痛病因中所起的作用. 方法 回顾性分析行微血管减压术治疗的49例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料、影像学资料及手术资料.所有患者术前均行MRTA检查,术中垫入隔片前置入30°神经内镜行多角度观察. 结果 本组患者MRTA阳性率为77.6%(38/49),MRTA检测为阳性者在术中均得到证实,无一例假阳性.4例术中无法判别可疑血管是否为责任血管者应用神经内镜予以了明确.49例患者中术后47例(95.9%)疼痛消失,1例(2.0%)疼痛减轻,总有效率为97.9%. 结论 MRTA及神经内镜技术有助于判断原发性三叉神经痛的病因,提高手术的安全性和有效性.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the role of magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) and neuroendoscope in determining the etiology of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Forty-nine patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, performed microvascular decompression were chosen; their clinical data, imaging data and operative data were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent preoperative MRTA; and before placing intraoperative Teflon, 30° neuroendoscope was applied for multi-angle exploration. Results Positive rate reached 77.6% under MRTA. All patients with positive results under MRTA were confirmed, without a false-positive. Neuroendoscope helped to determine whether the suspect vessels were the offending vessels in 4 patients. The total effective rate in 49 patients was 97.9%; pain disappeared in 47 patients (95.9%) and pain relieved in 1 (2.0%).Conclusion MRTA and neuroendoscope can help to determine the etiology of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, and improve the safety and effectiveness of MVD.     

Recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia due to an acquired arachnoid cyst

We present the case of a 55-year-old female with pain recurrence after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia due to development of an arachnoid cyst. Radioimaging studies were inconclusive for vascular compression but showed evidence of fifth nerve distortion. The patient underwent surgical re-exploration, and a cystic lesion of thickened arachnoid containing cerebrospinal fluid was identified and excised. Postoperatively, the patient obtained pain relief. Arachnoid cyst formation may be a possible reason for pain recurrence after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia, especially when repeat neuroimaging does not show clear evidence of fifth nerve vascular compression. Direct compression from the cyst or arterial pulsation transmission through the cyst to the nerve may be the cause of recurrence.     

三叉神经痛显微血管减压术后长期疗效及复发因素分析

目的 探讨三叉神经痛患者行显微血管减压术后影响疗效的因素.方法 随访2 826例经显微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛患者,时间1-25年(平均9.8年).结果 长期治愈率86.8%,显效率4.5%,有效率2.0%,无效1.6%,疼痛复发率5.1%,遗留并发症率7.0%.主观满意度≥80%者占85.2%,满意度<80%者占14 8%.结论 病程短、症状典型、以动脉压迫为主、实施有效的减压,术后多能获得好的疗效.相反,以静脉及无名动脉压迫为主,病程长及症状不典型的患者,术后疗效多不理想.

Abstract：

Objective To research the factors that affect the efficacy of 2 826 cases of trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression that follow-up more than 1 year.Method 1-25 years ( mean 9.8 years) were followed-up for the patients with trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression from January 1984 to January 2009.Results The long-term cure rate was 86.8% ,markedly effective rate was 4.5% , efficiency was 2.0% , inefficiency was 1.6% .Pain recurrence rate was 5.1% , remaining complication rate was 7.0% , subjective satisfaction equal to or greater than 80% accounted for 85.2% ,satisfaction with less than 80% accounted for 14.8% .Conclusions The patients with short course,typical symptoms, the main compression of artery and the implementation of effective decompression, mostly contribute to a good results after the operation.On contrast, the efficacy of those who with the main compression of vein and innominate artery, long course and atypical symptoms is often unsatisfactory.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy and neurovascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve for the treatment of facial pain

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of 354 radiofrequency rhizotomies and 21 neurovascular decompressions performed as treatment for 367 facial pain patients (290 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, 52 symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, 16 atypical facial pain, 9 post-herpetic neuralgia). METHOD: Clinical findings and surgery success rate were considered for evaluation. A scale of success rate was determined to classify patients, which considered pain relief and functional/sensorial deficits. RESULTS: Radiofrequency rhizotomy was performed in 273 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and in all other patients, except for trigeminal neuropathy; neurovascular decompression was performed in 18 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients; 100% idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, 96.2% symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, 37.5% atypical facial pain and 88.9% post-herpetic neuralgia had pain relief. CONCLUSION: Both techniques for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are usefull. Radiofrequency rhizotomy was also efficient to treat symptomatic facial pain, and post-herpetic facial pain, but is not a good technique for atypical facial pain.     

微血管减压术治疗老年性三叉神经痛的临床分析

目的 探讨微血管减压术(MVD)治疗老年性三叉神经痛的效果和安全性.方法 收集大连大学附属中山医院神经外科自2005年1月至2008年6月收治的84例三叉神经痛患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其中29例65岁以上老年患者(老年组)行MVD的疗效及其并发症,并与同期65岁以下患者(对照组)比较.结果 老年组与对照组术后效果均良好,老年组术后疼痛缓解率为93.10%,对照组为96.36%;老年组存在一定的解剖学和身体特征,如有脑萎缩的倾向、责任血管部分动脉硬化明显(老年组约1/4,对照组约1/10)、既往伴有其它全身疾病增多(老年组占71.69%,对照组占41.81%)、术后并发症风险增大的表现(老年组1例术后出现脑十梗死,2例术后出现下肢深血栓栓塞症).结论 结合现代化有效的围手术期处理,用MVD可治愈或缓解老年性三又神经痛.