Combined effect of desialated and glycosylated low-density lipoproteins on lipid accumulation in intimal cells of the human aorta in vitro

Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Smirnov.) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 9, pp. 250–252, September, 1991.     

Oxidation-induced aggregation of LDL increases their uptake by smooth muscle cells from human aorta

Oxidative modification of human blood LDL induced by Cu²⁺, NaOCl, or 2,2-azobis-(2-aminopropane hydrochloride) was followed by their partial aggregation. Separation of oxidized LDL into aggregates and nonaggregated particles showed that they are characterized by a similar degree of oxidative modification. In contrast to nonaggregated particles, LDL aggregates in the same concentration significantly increased cholesterol content in smooth muscle cells from the intact (no involoved in atherosclerosis) human aortic intima. Our results indicate that atherogenicity of LDL oxidized by various factors is mainly associated with the formation of aggregates, but does not depend on the degree of oxidative modification. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 2, pp. 159–162, February, 2007     

Morphological and histochemical changes in the rabbit aorta in exogenous and endogenous hyperglycemia

Alimentary hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency in rabbits were accompanied by atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta, the severity of which increased if the same animals were fed with cholesterol. The morphological and histochemical changes found in the wall of the aorta correlate with atherogenic biochemical shifts established previously in the blood serum of animals of the corresponding groups.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Central Pathological Laboratory, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR,A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No 4, pp. 483–485, April, 1976.     

Effect of propranolol on some mechanisms regulating cardiac output

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats propranolol reduced the venous return to the heart while increasing the capacity of the systemic venous circulation. Myocardial -adrenoreceptor blockade is not the only cause, of this effect.Division of Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, Academician I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 307–309, September, 1979.     

Aggregates of modified low-density lipoproteins induce lipid accumulation in intimal cells of the human aorta in vitro

Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Smirnov.) Translated from Byulleten's Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 7, pp. 34–36, July, 1990.     

Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol on atherogenic diet-fed rats

Atherogenic or high fat diets were known to induce cardiovascular diseases, and several active compounds were tested to protect/prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the cardio protective effect of resveratrol against atherogenic diet fed rats. Male Wistar rats were administered atherogenic diet for 30 days and further continued for 15 days with or with resveratrol in the diet. The serum lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, lipid metabolic proteins and cardiac tissue markers were examined. The histopathology of myocardium and aorta were also examined. The abnormal serum lipid profile found in atherogenic rats was reversed by the administration of resveratrol. Similarly, the enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase), non-enzymatic (reduced-glutathione, Vitamin C, E) antioxidants were improved by the resveratrol fed against atherogenic diet. Interestingly, resveratrol activated the lipid metabolic proteins (SIRT1, eNOS and AMPKa), suggesting its protective effect on lipid metabolism. Further analysis on tissue damage revealed that resveratrol had significantly protected the tissue damage and maintains the morphology of cardiac tissue. Altogether, our results suggest that resveratrol played a significant role in the prevention of cardiovascular system against the high fat diet. Emphasising the anti-atherogenic property of resveratrol, we propose resveratrol as a potential compound to be consumed for the healthy life-style.     

Effect of propranolol on gastroduodenal myoelectrical activity

Laboratory of Physiology of Digestion, Academician K. M. Bykov Department of Physiology of Visceral Systems, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR B. I. Tkachenko.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 5–8, January, 1992.     

The effect of propranolol on the serotonin concentration in the portal plasma after vagal nerve stimulation in the cat

Efferent cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the cat caused a marked increase of the portal plasma 5-HT concentration. This increase was more than two-fold within 15 min of stimulation. After cessation of stimulation portal plasma 5-HT returned to basal levels within 10 min. Treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, in various doses (0.1–2 mg/kg b.wt.), did not abolish but significantly reduced the response to vagal stimulation, particularly during the final part of the stimulation period. The results confirm the existence of a β-adrenoceptor-mediated release of 5-HT, but also suggest that other mechanisms for 5-HT release may be involved in the response on vagal nerve stimulation.     

Therapeutic effect of propranolol on paradoxical hypertension after repair of coarctation of the aorta

Patients undergoing repair of coarctation of the aorta often have self-limited but severe hypertension in the first week after surgery (paradoxical hypertension). We conducted a controlled trial of treatment with propranolol before repair of coarctation of the aorta in 14 children to determine whether the drug would prevent paradoxical hypertension. Seven patients were randomly assigned to receive propranolol for two weeks before surgery and throughout the first postoperative week, and seven patients were assigned to receive standard postoperative care. Both groups had a similar significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the plasma norepinephrine level in response to surgery; however, when compared with no treatment, treatment with propranolol reduced not only the rise in systolic (P = 0.004) and diastolic (P = 0.003) blood pressure but also the postoperative increase in plasma renin activity (P less than 0.01). We conclude that prophylactic propranolol can prevent paradoxical hypertension and should therefore become a routine part of the operative care of patients with coarctation of the aorta.     

Febrifugal activity of acupuncture and its potentiation by propranolol

Department of Pharmacology, Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute, Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. V. Sergeev). Translated from Byulleten' Ékperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 288–290, March, 1992.     

Effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion in normal supine man

Summary To investigate the effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined overnight at short-time intervals in 10 sodium-restricted normal supine subjects. 4 of them were on a 4-days medication with propranolol, 3 were treated with prindolol and 3 were used as control group.In normal controls renin was secreted episodically and showed characteristic night-day variations. Both in propranolol and in prindolol-treated subjects secretory episodes in renin secretion either did not occur or were less frequent than in normal controls. With one exception night-day variations in renin secretion were not observed. Mean PRA values were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001).Our results show that both propranolol and prindolol lower PRA and eliminate or reduce the frequency of secretory episodes. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating night-day variations and short-time fluctuations of renin secretion in normal supine man.     

Effect of the β-adrenoblocker propranolol on adrenalin lipolysis in adipose tissue of rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension

The action of the -adrenoblocker propranolol on adrenalin lipolysis was studied in adipose tissue of rats with spontaneous hypertension and of control rats. The degree of lipolysis was judged from the accumulation of glycerol in the incubation mediumin vitro. The maximal response of adipose tissue to adrenalin was found to be the same in rats with hypertension and control animals. The adrenalin concentration evoking half the maximal response (K_A) in rats with hypertension was found to be half that observed in control rats. In the presence of propranolol this parameter increased more in SHR rats than in the controls. The results indicate increased sensitivity of the adipose tissue of SHR rats to propranolol, possibly in connection with changes in the properties of the -adrenoreceptor in this form of hypertension.Central Research Laboratory, Fourth Main Board, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Department of Pathomorphology, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 553–555, November, 1979.     

Effect of propranolol on development of pulmonary edema and on pulmonary hemodynamics following noradrenalin injection

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Respiration and Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Pathophysiology, Yaroslavl' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. N. Kryzhanovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 12, pp. 582–586, December, 1990.     

Atherogenic lipoproteins found in the blood of patients with coronary atherosclerosis are desialylated low-density lipoproteins

Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Smirnov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 8, pp. 138–140, August, 1990.