微球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞症

目的:观察微球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法:采用微球囊扩张成形术治疗20例膝下动脉硬化闭塞症,比较手术前后临床症状的改变。结果:20条肢体手术成功18例,成功率90%。扩张后即时造影示病变处管径明显改善,血流通畅。结论:微球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞症具有较好的可行性及安全性。     

358例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症外科治疗效果分析

目的 分析慢性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症外科治疗方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年7月序贯治疗的358例慢性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者接受动脉搭桥或介入治疗后远期疗效.结果 男293例,女65例,年龄(66 ±10)岁.本组接受了包括搭桥手术、介入治疗、截肢(趾)等外科治疗共413例(次).失访48例,随访率86.6%,随访时间6～64个月.髂动脉支架介入治疗术后1、2、3年初次开通率高于腹主-髂-股动脉人工血管搭桥,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),也高于股(腘)动脉支架介入治疗术后初次开通率,但差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).股-腘动脉膝上人工血管搭桥术后1年的初次开通率略高于膝下搭桥,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.01);术后2、3年初次开通率均高于膝下搭桥,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).股浅动脉球囊扩张成形术术后1年通畅率略低于腘动脉以远的球囊扩张术,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).全组截肢率为10.3%(37/358),围术期死亡率3.9%(14/358),随访期死亡率6.4%(23/358).结论 下肢动脉硬化患者根据病情选择适当的外科治疗方式,可以获得较高的术后通畅率.     

膝下动脉球囊血管成形术治疗重症下肢缺血的临床研究

目的 评价膝下动脉闭塞首选球囊血管成形术的临床治疗效果.方法 2005年12月至2009年5月,对于连续收治且符合手术指征的54例(61条肢体)膝下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的重症下肢缺血患者,采用膝下动脉球囊血管成形术进行治疗.其中男性37例,女性17例,平均年龄66岁.术前踝肱指数平均0.43±0.27.根据病变部位选择手术方法,膝下动脉病变首选球囊血管成形术,合并髂股动脉病变同时进行血管重建(支架置入或动脉旁路术).结果 髂股动脉重建(28条肢体行支架置入,5条肢体行动脉旁路术)均一期成功.膝下动脉球囊血管成形术57条肢体获得一期成功,技术成功率93.4%.围手术期主要并发症为小腿血肿3例(4.9%),膝下截肢2例(3.3%).术后踝肱指数增加至0.86±0.21,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).本组平均随访时间(16±11)个月,一期通畅率61.1%,21条肢体发生再狭窄(38.9%),其中10条肢体再次接受外科干预,二期通畅率75.9%.截肢3条肢体,总的救肢率91.8%.结论 球囊血管成形术是治疗重症下肢缺血安全有效的方法,可以作为膝下动脉病变首选的外科干预手段.     

微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病

目的 观察微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病的疗效.方法 对采用微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗的32例(37条肢体)膝下动脉闭塞性疾病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.按Fontaine分期:Ⅲ期22条患肢(59.5%),Ⅳ期15条患肢(40.5%).术前踝/肱指数(ABI)为0.22±0.20.结果 技术成功35条肢体,成功率94.6%.35条肢体中术后静息痛消失21条肢体(60.0%),明显缓解12条肢体(34.3%),减轻2条肢体(5.7%);8例足部溃疡患者中愈合3条肢体,缩小5例.膝下截肢1条肢体,半足切除2条肢体.术后ABI 0.73±0.21,较术前有显著提高(P<0.01).手术成功的35条肢体均行术后随访,随访时间1～29个月,平均13.6个月.随访中2条肢体分别于术后6,14个月再次出现静息痛,经二次经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗后症状消失;其余33条肢体症状、体征均无加重或复发.结论 微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病安全可行,且创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效确切.远期效果有待进一步观察.     

小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗下肢远端严重肢体缺血28例报告

目的 观察小球囊扩张远端血管对膝下缺血性病变导致的下肢远端严重肢体缺血（critical limb ischemia,CLI）的疗效。方法 2005年10月～2006年4月对28例膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞使用小口径球囊（直径≤3 mm）进行介入治疗。结果 成功对85条病变血管进行球囊扩张,无严重并发症。20例有效,6例显效,有效率92.8%（26/28）,2例无效,其中1例术后2个月病情恶化行膝下截肢。术后3个月总有效率78.6%（22/28）,踝/肱指数（ABI）由术前0.27±0.24升高为术后3 d 0.65±0.38（t=10.559,P=0.000）;术后3个月未发现治疗血管再狭窄〉50%。结论 小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗膝下血管病变导致的下肢远端严重缺血近期疗效确切,远期疗效尚待观察。     

膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术在糖尿病足治疗中的应用

目的探讨膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术在糖尿病足治疗中的应用价值。方法选择我院2005年10月-2006年9月收治的以膝下动脉闭塞为主的糖尿病足患者33例，共44条肢体，均采用单纯球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下血管病变。结果44条肢体中技术成功40条（90．91％），临床成功42条（95．45％）。术后平均随访6个月（2～12个月），所有患者的肢体症状均未见加重或复发。结论膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术可以有效改善肢体远端血供，有效防止糖尿病足病发展，促进肢端创面愈合，提高患者生活质量，近期疗效显著，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

长支架植入治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的观察长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变的可行性及近期疗效。方法 2008年11月—2010年10月收治60例(共70条肢体)股腘动脉硬化闭塞的患者,应用长球囊对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行扩张成形后植入自膨式长支架(长度8～20 cm)治疗;对合并膝下动脉硬化闭塞者(24条肢体)同期应用DEEP球囊进行扩张成形。观察技术成功率、术中及术后并发症发生率和临床疗效。结果股腘动脉球囊扩张和长支架植入的技术成功率为94.3%(66/70条肢体);同期膝下动脉球囊扩张成功率为83.3%(20/24条肢体),其中3例胫腓干因扩张后弹性回缩各植入支架1枚。术后患者临床症状均明显改善,静息痛消失;ABI由术前0.45(0.44±0.20)提高至0.84(0.86±0.24)(P<0.01)。仅在股浅动脉扩张后局部破裂形成肌间血肿2例,未发生其他并发症。结论长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变是一种微创、安全、近期疗效好的治疗方法,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

切割球囊扩张治疗膝下动脉狭窄

目的研究应用切割球囊扩张治疗膝下动脉顽固性狭窄的成功率和早、中期疗效。方法本院2008年10月至2011年10月期间37例(39条患肢)经常规球囊扩张后仍有严重狭窄ASO患者进行切割球囊扩张治疗,分析技术成功率、并发症,评价其早、中期通畅率。结果技术成功率为94.9%(37/39),切割球囊扩张后狭窄程度由治疗前的60%～80%降至20%～30%,术后治疗部位血流通畅,未发生远端动脉栓塞,仅有2例切割球囊扩张后发生轻度动脉夹层,应用长球囊低压扩张后夹层闭合。术后6个月一期通畅率59.0%(23/39),16条肢体(41.0%)出现再狭窄或闭塞,其中12条肢体再次行膝下动脉球囊血管成形术,均获成功。随访时间2年,术后1年一期、二期通畅率分别为46.2%、51.3%;术后2年一期、二期通畅率分别为28.2%及30.8%。总救肢率92.3%(36/39)。结论切割球囊扩张治疗膝下动脉顽固性狭窄安全有效,并有较好的早、中期通畅率。     

腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病

目的 回顾性分析血管腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病的疗效,初步总结其技术要点、主要并发症防治与应用价值.方法 对2004年11月至2007年7月期间收治的60例(65条肢体)膝下动脉缺血性疾病的患者行膝下病变段动脉球囊扩张(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和/或支架植入(stenting)治疗,观察症状的改善,踝肱指数(ankle/brachial index,ABI)的变化,保肢率以及近期通畅率.结果 60例患者(65条肢体)中,技术成功51例,成功率83.3%;临床成功53例,成功率88.3%.症状完全缓解40例(66.7%),部分缓解13例(21.7%),无改善7例(11.6%);ABI从术前0.40±0.18增加到术后0.91±0.22,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).2例膝下截肢,4例足趾截趾,出院时保肢率为91%.随访54例,随访时间10 d至30个月,平均(14.5±1.2)个月.2例膝上截肢,2例膝下截肢,2例足趾截趾,保肢率88.9%(48例/54例);症状复发5例,复发率9.2%,血管再闭塞或再狭窄10例,通畅率81.5%,1年累积通畅率为57.3%.结论 腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病安全、可行,近期疗效确切,是该类疾病重要的治疗选择.     

球囊扩张在股腘及膝下分支动脉硬化性缺血治疗中的应用

目的初步总结单纯球囊扩张治疗下肢动脉硬化性狭窄和闭塞病变的近期疗效。方法30例下肢动脉硬化性病变接受单纯球囊扩张治疗的患者,其中股浅动脉病变19例次,胭动脉以远病变12例次（4例次同时合并股浅动脉病变,1例球囊扩张,另3例行膝上股胭搭桥）;行普通球囊3例次,切割球囊16例,膝下小球囊12例。结果成功完成所有操作,股浅动脉扩张中6例（31．6％）出现夹层。扩张后即时造影示病变处管径明显改善,血流通畅,夹层对血流影响不明显,未行特殊处理。平均跟踪随访6个月（1—17个月）,除1例（3．3％）合并足趾坏疽的患者疼痛无缓解,1个月后因足部坏疽感染行膝上截肢外,其他患者症状体征均有显著改善,超声示病变处血流通畅。结论球囊扩张对下肢动脉硬化性狭窄和闭塞有一定疗效和近期通畅率。     

膝下动脉闭塞症的腔内治疗

目的探讨腔内术对膝下动脉闭塞疾病的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2008年5月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的86例患有膝下动脉闭塞症的住院病人的病史资料和术后随访资料。结果86例病人（90条患肢）经经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗,82条患肢获得影像学成功（残留狭窄率＜30%）。技术成功率为911%（82/90）。术前1周和术后1周行下肢节段测压,踝肱指数（ABI）由术前的034±016提高到085±023。1年累计初次通畅率为612%,24月累积初次通畅率为495%,肢体保全率978%,存活率978%。结论PTA治疗膝下动脉闭塞症临床成功率高,并发症少,保肢率高,可以作为膝下动脉闭塞特别是重症肢体缺血的首选。     

ϥ�¶�������֢��ǻ������

??Value of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial occlusive diseasesXU Xin,ZHANG Wen??bo,YANG Jue,et al.Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China Corresponding author:FU Wei??guo??E??mail:fu.weiguo@zs??hospital.sh.cn AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of endovascular surgery in the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial occlusive diseases.MethodsThe clinical and follow??up data of 86 patients (90 limbs) with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive diseases admitted between February 2006 and May 2008 in the Department of Vascular Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsEighty??six patients (90 limbs) were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 82 of 90 treated limbs (defined as the residual stenosis of the treated segment was less than 30%) and the initial technical success rate was 91??1%.Doppler ankle??brachial index (ABI) increased from 0??34±0??16 to 0??85±0??23 (pre vs. post).The 12??month accumulated primary patency rate,24??month accumulated primary patency rate,survival rate and limb salvage rate were 61??2%??49??5%,97??8% and 97??8% respectively.ConclusionPTA is feasible as a primary invasive treatment for infrapopliteal arterial occlusive lesions in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia, yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in??moderate long??term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate??     

Arterial complications after living-related liver transplantation: single-center experience from West China

Vascular complications after liver transplantation remain a major source of morbidity and mortality for recipients. In particular, patients receiving living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) experience a higher rate of vascular complications owing to the complex vascular reconstruction. Between July 2001 and December 2005, LRLTs were performed in our center on 33 patients with end-stage liver diseases. The 23 men and 10 women had a mean age of 32.6 +/- 11.3 years (range = 5 to 58 years). Of the 33 patients, the percentage of vascular complications was 9.09% (3 cases), including hepatic arterial thrombosis (HAT), hepatic arterial stenosis (HAS), or hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) in one patient, respectively. No portal vein or hepatic vein complication occurred in our patients. Thrombectomy was performed in the patient with thrombosis. The patient with stenosis was treated with balloon angioplasty and endoluminal stent placement. The pseudoaneurysm was also successfully embolized to restore the blood flow toward the donor liver. Mean follow-up for all patients after LRLT was 18.0 +/- 5.4 months. The overall postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 6.06% (2/33). The 1-year survival rate was 86.36% in 22 patients with benign diseases and 72.73% in 11 patients with malignant diseases. However, no death was associated with vascular complications. Careful preoperative evaluation and intraoperative microsurgical technique for hepatic artery reconstructions are the keys to prevent vascular complications following LRLT. Immediate surgical intervention is required for acute vascular complications, whereas late complications may be treated by balloon angioplasty and endoluminal stent placement. Embolization may be a safe and effective approach in the treatment of a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery.     

Vascular complications after 725 kidney transplantations during 3 decades

Among 725 renal transplantations, the most common vascular complication was arterial stenosis, which was observed in 23 patients (3.17%). The majority of 20 (6.49%) arterial stenoses appeared in our initial experiences when we routinely used end-to-end renal graft to internal iliac artery anastomoses. A significant reduction in this incidence (0.72%) was achieved by introducing end-to-side anastomoses of the renal graft artery to the external or common iliac arteries. Intractable hypertension or impaired renal function in 14 patients (60.87%) with arterial stenosis demanded treatment. Patch angioplasty was more successful than other methods. The limited possibilities of conservative treatment of arterial hypertension at that time were the main reason for this frequent surgical repair. Among other vascular complications, the most serious were 12 episodes of arterial bleeding in 10 patients. Five kidneys were lost because of ruptured arterial anastomoses. In 6 patients, the common or external iliac artery was ligated as to achieve hemostasis with acute arterial insufficiency of the lower extremity in 4 patients. One patient required leg amputation, whereas 2 underwent extra-anatomic bypass procedures and 1 died because of hepatic failure. The majority of vascular complications occurred in the initial period of our transplantation practice. However, in spite of progress in diagnostic and treatment options, vascular complications may cause considerable clinical problems.     

Comparison of early clinical results of contact laser thermal angioplasty with a metal hot tip with balloon angioplasty

Contact laser thermal angioplasty with a metal hot tip heated by an Argon laser system (Trimedyne Inc.) was performed on 34 peripheral arterial occlusive or stenotic regions (7 iliac, 20 femoral and 7 popliteal arteries) in 22 patients with ASO. The early clinical results of laser angioplasty were investigated by comparing those of 15 patients treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). There was no perforation of the arterial wall caused by thermal ablation with the hot tip heated by repeated pulses under power conditions of 10 watts of laser energy for 5 seconds. Detachment of the hot tip caused by frequent healing without a sufficient period of tip cooling was observed in 2 cases. Acute thrombosis was observed in 1 patient during reconstruction of the proximal artery. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 91.2% and 86.7%, respectively. Re-stenosis or occlusion was observed in 7 of 31 regions 6 months after laser angioplasty. Satisfactory results were not obtained in the femoral artery. The overall patency rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 77.4% and 69.2%, respectively. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty in totally obstructed arterial regions was higher than that of PTA.     

Diagnosis and Treatment of Arterial Occlusion after Knee Arthroplasty: The Sooner,the Better

Knee arthroplasty, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA), is an effective procedure for patients with severe knee joint diseases. Arterial occlusion after knee arthroplasty is a rare but severe complication. However, there are few comprehensive reviews or analyses focusing on it. In this study, we presented a case of successful treatment of acute arterial occlusion of the popliteal artery after TKA by emergent balloon angioplasty, and conducted a review and analysis of published cases with this complication. After search and screening, 36 studies with 47 cases of arterial occlusion after knee arthroplasty in the past 35 years (1984–2018) were included. Among the 47 patients, there were 22 men and 25 women. The mean age was 68 years old. A total of 43 patients had primary TKA while 2 had revision surgery for TKA and 2 for UKA. For arterial occlusions, 66% presented symptoms in less than 1 day after knee surgery and 95% of the occlusion sites were around the popliteal artery. For treatment, 89% chose surgical treatment. Compared with conservative treatment, surgical treatment was more effective (P < 0.01). The patients who underwent surgical treatment less than 1 day after diagnosis had less sequelae (P < 0.05). For arterial occlusion after knee arthroplasty, we should pay attention to the perioperative risk factors and presentations, and diagnose and treat surgically at an early stage.     

ST与PTA治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性病变的Meta分析

目的 应用Meta分析的方法比较支架置入（ST）和经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性病变的效果.方法 检索1990年4月-2014年4月发表的前瞻性随机对照研究,应用Meta分析的方法对其进行评价.结果 15篇前瞻性随机对照研究中的2 752条肢体被纳入,其中ST组1 307条,PTA组1 445条.ST组手术成功率高于PTA组（RR：1.10,95％ CI：1.01,1.19,P=0.02）,手术并发症发病率也高于PTA组（RR：1.89,95％ CI：1.23,2.88,P=0.003）,但术后1年再狭窄率低于PTA组（RR：0.83,95％CI：0.71,0.97,P=0.02）,术后1年再干预率也低于PTA组（RR：0.71,95％ CI：0.57,0.90,P=0.004）.结论 对于治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性病变ST短期效果优于PTA.     

胫腓动脉血管成形术治疗下肢严重缺血35例

目的 评价胫腓动脉经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢严重缺血的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 对2004年6月至2007年5月收治的35例胫腓动脉闭塞的下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)患者应用PTA治疗.评价的主要参数为:胫腓动脉PTA技术成功率、通畅率、救肢率和并发症.结果 胫腓动脉PTA的技术成功率为83%,平均随访11.5个月,通畅率为57%,救肢率82%.胫腓动脉平均扩张长度9.5 cm(4.5～14 cm),19例患者同时行髂或股胭动脉PTA或支架术.有3例并发症发生,其中1例动脉痉挛和血栓形成,经溶柃、解痉等治疗缓解;2例动脉穿孔,未有严重后果.结论 PTA治疗CLI合并胫腓动脉闭塞具有较高技术成功率和救肢率,较少发生严重并发症,是一种安全、有效可供选择的治疗方法.     

Factors that influence the outcome of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

In the past, patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease were managed by conservative treatment or by vascular reconstructive surgery. Now, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and other endovascular methods provide an important alternative for managing selected patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Overall, the 5-year success rate after iliac angioplasty is 53.4%, but the success rate is higher if percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is performed on the common iliac artery or on a stenosed artery. In contrast, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoral and popliteal arteries has a relatively poor long-term success rate except for the treatment of patients with stenoses with good run-off. When the run-off is poor or an arterial occlusion is present, the role of femoropopliteal angioplasty is limited, and the procedure should be considered only for high-risk patients who do not have autogenous tissue for reconstructive surgery.