高渗葡萄糖胸膜粘连术治疗复杂性自发性气胸

目的探索高渗葡萄糖治疗复杂性自发性气胸的效果。方法25例自发性气胸经胸腔闭式引流或中心静脉管置入引流抽净气体,胸片显示患侧肺已大部分复张或全部复张后行胸膜粘连术,术前予曲马多注射液100mg肌注止痛后30min予2％利多卡因0．2g胸腔注入,充分胸腔麻醉后予50％高渗葡萄糖（以下简称高糖）40～100ml胸腔注入,然后夹闭引流管,术后立即左右翻身,及头低足高住或半卧位使两层胸膜充分接触。8～12h时开放引流。结果本组患者高渗糖胸膜粘连术总有效率为92％。其中10例胸腔内注入高糖1次,10例注入2次,3例注入3次（累计有效率92％）,2例无效。结论高糖胸膜粘连术治疗复杂性自发性气胸安全、有效、价廉,值得进一步推广使用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并自发性气胸48例分析

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并自发性气胸的诊断及治疗。方法：对48例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并自发性气胸患者的病史、临床表现、诊断及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果：发病症状与基础疾病急性发作相混淆,8例采用内科保守治疗,7~14 d治愈出院;34例经胸腔穿刺抽气,同时给予胸腔闭式引流,15~28 d治愈出院,3例转外科手术治疗,3例治疗无效死亡。结论：慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并自发性气胸临床表现不典型,病情重,误诊率高,应引起医师重视;治疗上采取与胸腔插管接水封瓶闭式引流加胸腔内注药治愈率高,不良反应少。     

自发性气胸患者胸腔闭式引流的护理

自发性气胸是指凶肺部疾病使肺组织和脏层胸膜破裂,或靠近肺表面的细微气肿泡破裂,肺和支气管内空气逸入胸膜腔。多见于男性青壮年或患有慢支、肺气肿、怖结核者。本病属肺科急症之一,严重者可危及生命,及时处理可治愈。我院内科2008年共收治自发性气胸患者48例,其中有32例经胸腔闭式引流而康复。报告如下。     

自制抗粘连合剂治疗结核性胸腔积液12例

由于结核性胸腔积液的常规治疗方法不能有效地控制纤维蛋白原含量 ,常导致腔内形成多处包裹分隔或机化 ,引起胸膜脏层和壁层纤维素性粘连、肥厚 ,严重者须行胸膜剥离。为此 ,我们应用自制抗粘连合剂 ,对结核性胸腔积液 12例行胸腔内注射 ,疗效满意。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男 8例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 17～ 68岁 ,平均 3 6岁。胸腔积液中等量 9例 ,大量 3例 ,均为单侧。纤维蛋白原平均 110ｍｇ/Ｌ。经Ｘ线胸片及Ｂ超示 :大、中量胸腔积液 ,均经实验室检查及病史证实为结核性胸腔积液 ,均无呼吸困难 ,并排除血液病及肝、肾功能障碍。1 2　治疗…     

小导管胸腔闭式引流加四联药物胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨口服抗结核药物+小导管胸腔闭式引流+四联药物胸腔内注射治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎的效果.方法:通过对口服抗结核药物+小导管胸腔闭式引流+胸腔内注射四联药物(称联合治疗组)及口服抗结核药物+常规小导管闭式引流组(对照组)的治疗效果进行对比分析,评价两者的治疗效果.结果:联合治疗组比对照组胸液消失快,胸膜粘连发生率低.结论:小导管胸腔闭式引流,加四联药物注入胸腔,减轻了胸膜局部的炎症反应,加速积液消失,防止或减轻了胸膜肥厚和粘连.效果好于常规口服药物加小导管闭式引流者.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

置管引流胸腔积液联合香菇多糖加顺铂与香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液自身对比研究

目的：对比胸腔置管引流联合香菇多糖加顺铂与香菇多糖腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效差异。方法：选择2009—07～2011—06收治的36例恶性胸腔积液患者,均进行胸腔置管引流后,左侧胸腔先随机注入香菇多糖加顺铂或香菇多糖单药治疗,右侧胸腔则注入另一组药物治疗。1次／周,连续治疗4周,观察并比较两侧胸腔积液的改善情况。结果：顺铂加香菇多糖组总有效率72．22％,香菇多糖组总有效率38．88％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．04）。结论：采用胸腔置管引流联合顺铂加香菇多糖腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液可以较好的缓解肿瘤晚期患者的病情,具有积极的临床意义。     

Extracardiac intrathoracic abnormalities demonstrated by Tc-99m RBC gated blood pool imaging

In addition to intrathoracic great vessel abnormality, pericardial effusion, and splenomegaly, extracardiac intrathoracic abnormalities were found in 12 of 210 patients' 99mTc red blood cell (RBC) gated cardiac blood pool imagings. These abnormalities, including five cases of absent pulmonary perfusion due to tumor mass, four of pleural effusion, two of pneumothorax, and one of left lung mass attenuation, were confirmed with concurrent or subsequent chest radiography, chest CTs, or biopsy. Pulmonary blood pool activity is normally seen on both sides in both anterior and left anterior oblique views; decreased or absent perfusion on either side or in part of the lung may indicate chest/pulmonary pathologies. Although pulmonary and thoracic wall lesions are not frequently seen, such incidental findings during gated cardiac blood pool imagings can lead to further study for these clinically unsuspected lesions and may benefit the patient.     

X-ray controlled percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the lungs (author's transl)]

Between 1976 and 1978 percutaneous needle aspiration biopsies of 120 pulmonary and pleural lesions were performed. Cytologic examination of malignant and benign lesions was correct in 64% of the cases, false negative results were obtained in 19%. Complications included: pneumothorax in 21 patients (11 requiring chest tube placement); insignificant hemothorax in 5 and hemoptysis in 1. Needle biopsy of intrathoracic lesions proved to be technically simple and relatively safe. This procedure allows early diagnosis of malignant lung tumours which may improve long term prognosis.     

Frequency and Risk Factors of Various Complications After Computed Tomography–Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Lung Tumors

Objective To retrospectively determine the frequency and risk factors of various side effects and complications after percutaneous computed tomography–guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation of lung tumors. Methods We reviewed and analyzed records of 112 treatment sessions in 57 of our patients (45 men and 12 women) with unresectable lung tumors treated by ablation. Risk factors, including sex, age, tumor diameter, tumor location, history of surgery, presence of pulmonary emphysema, electrode gauge, array diameter, patient position, maximum power output, ablation time, and minimum impedance during ablation, were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Total rates of side effects and minor and major complications occurred in 17%, 50%, and 8% of treatment sessions, respectively. Side effects, including pain during ablation (46% of sessions) and pleural effusion (13% of sessions), occurred with RF ablation. Minor complications, including pneumothorax not requiring chest tube drainage (30% of sessions), subcutaneous emphysema (16% of sessions), and hemoptysis (9% of sessions) also occurred after the procedure. Regarding major complications, three patients developed fever >38.5°C; three patients developed abscesses; two patients developed pneumothorax requiring chest tube insertion; and one patient had air embolism and was discharged without neurologic deficit. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that a lesion located ≤1 cm of the chest wall was significantly related to pain (p < 0.01, hazard index 5.76). Risk factors for pneumothorax increased significantly with previous pulmonary surgery (p < 0.05, hazard index 6.1) and presence of emphysema (p <0.01, hazard index 13.6). Conclusion The total complication rate for all treatment sessions was 58%, and 25% of patients did not have any complications after RF ablation. Although major complications can occur, RF ablation of lung tumors can be considered a safe and minimally invasive procedure.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸（附138例报告）

目的：探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的适应证及疗效。方法：应用电视胸腔镜手术对138例自发性气胸病人进行粘连松解、肺大疱切除及胸膜闭锁等处理,总结分析应用电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的临床疗效。结果：134例患者术后恢复良好,术后第1d可起床活动,伤口疼痛轻,术后第2～3d胸片示肺复张良好并拔除胸引流管,平均住院时间为5d;全组有4例患者出现复发,其中2例行胸穿抽气后治愈,另外2例再次手术后治愈。结论：治疗自发性气胸疗效确切,创伤小,痛苦轻,恢复快,美容效果好,不易复发等,值得有条件的临床单位推广应用。     

自发性气胸定量诊断的研究进展

气胸(pneumothorax)是指气体在胸膜腔内的异常聚集,增加了胸膜腔内的压力而导致肺的塌陷,是临床工作中常见的疾病。气胸患者气胸量的不同为临床治疗方案的选择提供了参考依据。本文将对自发性气胸的发病机制、临床症状及气胸定量诊断方法进行叙述。     

人工气胸CT检查诊断胸膜转移瘤的价值

目的　评价人工气胸CT检查在诊断胸膜转移瘤中的价值。方法　对常规CT检查除胸水外未见胸膜异常的 14例血性胸腔积液的病例采用了穿刺抽液人工气胸后CT检查的方法。结果　 14例中 6例病人在脏层和 /或壁层胸膜上发现常规CT扫描未能显示的单发或多发结节灶 ,手术和病理证实 3例为周围型肺癌胸膜转移 ,另 3例为乳腺癌胸膜转移。结论　人工气胸CT检查是发现胸膜转移瘤的一种简便易行的方法     

Measurement of Pleural Temperature During Radiofrequency Ablation of Lung Tumors to Investigate Its Relationship to Occurrence of Pneumothorax or Pleural Effusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pleural temperature and pneumothorax or pleural effusion after radiofrequency (RF) ablation of lung tumors. The pleural temperature was measured immediately outside the lung surface nearest to the tumor with a fiber-type thermocouple during 25 ablation procedures for 34 tumors in 22 patients. The procedures were divided into two groups depending on the highest pleural temperature: P-group I and P-group II, with highest pleural temperatures of <40°C and ≥40°C, respectively. The incidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion was compared between the groups. Multiple variables were compared between the groups to determine the factors that affect the pleural temperature. The overall incidence of pneumothorax and pleural effusion was 56% (14/25) and 20% (5/25), respectively. Temperature data in five ablation procedures were excluded from the analyses because these were affected by the pneumothorax. P-group I and P-group II comprised 10 procedures and 10 procedures, respectively. The incidence of pleural effusion was significantly higher in P-group II (4/10) than in P-group I (0/10) (p = 0.043). However, the incidence of pneumothorax did not differ significantly (p = 0.50) between P-group I (4/10) and P-group II (5/10). Factors significantly affecting the pleural temperature were distance between the electrode and the pleura (p < 0.001) and length of the lung parenchyma between the electrode and the pleura (p < 0.001). We conclude that higher pleural temperature appeared to be associated with the occurrence of pleural effusion and not with that of pneumothorax.     

Massive intrathoracic haemorrhage after CT-guided lung biopsy

CT-guided lung biopsy is now widely performed for tumorous lesions in the lung, and both its usefulness in this context and the associated complications have been well described in the literature. Although severe complications are rare, we describe a case in which massive intrathoracic haemorrhage developed after lung biopsy and necessitated emergency operation for control. Intraoperative findings suggested that the source of the haemorrhage was a fibrous, cord-like substance present at the site of adhesion associated with old tuberculosis. We attributed this haemorrhage to a pneumothorax, which developed after lung biopsy and caused the new vessels penetrating the centre of the fibrous, cord-like substance to stretch and rupture. Numerous cases have been reported of spontaneous haemopneumothorax precipitated by spontaneous pneumothorax and resulting from the rupture of such vessels.     

Radiofrequency ablation of 40 lung neoplasms: preliminary results

OBJECTIVE: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment widely used for treatment of liver neoplasms and has also been tested on other types of tumor. Few studies have been published regarding the use of radiofrequency thermal ablation in the treatment of lung neoplasms. This study was performed to evaluate the technical feasibility, the safety, and the efficacy of lung radiofrequency thermal ablation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between February 2002 and March 2003, 18 subjects with unresectable lung neoplasms, four of whom had primary neoplasms and 14 of whom had metastatic neoplasms, underwent lung radiofrequency ablation. The technique was performed percutaneously using a monopolar cooled-tip electrode needle under CT guidance with the patient under general anesthesia. Patients had no more than three nodules with a total diameter of 10 cm and no evidence of extrathoracic disease. A total of 40 nodules were treated in 24 therapeutic sessions. After treatment, patients underwent follow-up every 3 months by CT and nuclear MRI with gadolinium for a median time of 8 months (range, 2-14 months). RESULTS: No evidence of local relapse was discovered in 94.4% of subjects. The treatment was safe and well tolerated. Complications encountered included massive pneumothorax, which occurred in one subject, requiring pleural drainage. Other complications were moderate pneumothorax (also requiring pleural drainage), cough, fever, slight dyspnea, and pain, but these complications were short in duration and successfully treated. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is a promising technique in the treatment of patients with lung neoplasms and has been found to be both safe and technically feasible.