Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain and Liver of Rats during Acute Stress and Melatonin Treatment

We studied the effects of acute stress and exogenous melatonin in various doses on the intensity of lipid peroxidation in emotiogenic structures of the brain and liver of rats with different activity in the open field. Stress had no effect on the content of malonic dialdehyde in the hypothalamus, sensorimotor cortex, and liver of active and passive rats receiving physiological saline. The influence of melatonin on malonic dialdehyde content depended on the dose of this substance. The amount of malonic dialdehyde in brain structures (active and passive rats) and liver (active rats) increased after administration of exogenous melatonin in doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg, but decreased after treatment with the hormone in a dose of 1 mg/kg. Melatonin in various doses decreased malonic dialdehyde content in the liver of passive rats. The effects of melatonin are partly related to modulation of lipid peroxidation in central and peripheral tissues of the organism.     

Effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats during acute stress

We studied the effects of acute stress and exogenous melatonin on stress marker organs in rats. Administration of melatonin under normal conditions increased the relative weights of the thymus (active rats) and adrenal glands (active and passive rats). The relative weight of the spleen also tended to increase after melatonin treatment. Stress led to involution of the thymus and hypertrophy of the adrenal glands in active and especially in passive animals receiving physiological saline. Melatonin partially or completely prevented involution of the thymus under stress conditions. Stress had no effect on the relative weight of the adrenal glands in melatonin-treated rats. The relative weight of the spleen in active rats receiving melatonin in doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg decreased after stress exposure. Our results suggest that melatonin modulates the hemodynamics and function of stress marker organs. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 3, pp. 263–266, March, 2006     

氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖对去势大鼠血液生化指标的影响

目的:探讨氨基葡萄糖(GLC)和壳寡糖(COS)对去势大鼠动物模型血液生化指标的影响,进一步研究其抗骨质疏松的作用,以期为临床骨质疏松的防治和新药、功能性食品开发提供理论和实验依据。方法:通过切除3月龄雌性大鼠双侧卵巢复制绝经骨质疏松动物模型,每日分别给予不同剂量的氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖,心脏取血观察血清生化指标的变化。结果:模型组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、肌酐(Cr)都明显升高,氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖中剂量(0.25g/kg)能明显降低上述6个指标的水平(P<0.05)。结论:氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖对去势大鼠过高的骨转换有明显的抑制作用,并能提高骨再建能力,对去卵巢致骨质疏松有明显的对抗作用。     

急性应激大鼠脑边缘系统生化病理变化

目的 :探讨急性应激时NO等自由基对脑损害作用及超微结构的影响。方法 :建立急性应激大鼠模型 ,分别取边缘系统额叶、海马、下丘脑组织 ,电镜观察神经细胞超微结构变化、测定组织匀浆NO含量和SOD活力。结果 :急性应激组大鼠额叶、海马及下丘脑SOD活力均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,NO含量在海马、下丘脑升高明显 (P <0 0 5 ) ,光镜和电镜下的海马、下丘脑神经细元减少 ,核仁碎裂、胞质内细胞器减少。结论 :急性应激脑组织NO含量和SOD活力增高 ,可对边缘系统下丘脑、海马造成损害。这可能是应激反应过度的病理生理学基础     

Role of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in the effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats

We studied the role of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in realization of the effect of melatonin on stress marker organs in rats under normal conditions and during acute stress. Stress induced involution of the thymus in active rats and adrenal gland hypertrophy in active and passive animals. Electrocoagulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus induced a more pronounced decrease in the weight of the thymus and greater increase in the weight of the adrenal glands. Melatonin administration after electrocoagulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus had no effect on the relative weight of the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in control and stressed animals. The influence of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen is partly mediated by this structure of the brain. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 4, pp. 364–367, April, 2006     

The behavior of rats in response to changes in the light regime and administration of melatonin

This report describes studies of the effects of shifts in the daily light/dark rhythm and administration of different doses of melatonin on the behavior of rats with different activity in the open field test. Experiments were performed on 172 Wistar rats kept in a natural or an inverted light/dark regime. Groups of rats received 1 ml of physiological saline or melatonin (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or were not injected. Inversion of the light/dark regime led to a shift in the rhythm of movement activity and eliminated differences between measures of daytime and night-time activity in control rats not given injections. The effect of melatonin on the movement activity of rats in conditions of natural and inverted light regimes depended on the dose given, the time of administration, and the initial characteristics of the animals’ behavior. The data obtained here show that use of melatonin to correct impairments induced by the shift in the light/dark cycle should take consideration of the individual behavioral characteristics of the subjects. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 91, No. 7, pp. 802–809, July, 2005.     

Desynchronosis and erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach in rats active or passive in the open-field test: effect of exogenous melatonin

We studied the effect of a phase shift in circadian rhythms (desynchronosis) on the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions in the gastric mucosa in male Wistar rats with different behavioral activity in the open-field test. The animals kept under conditions of natural or shifted light-dark cycle were untreated or intraperitoneally received physiological saline (1 ml) and melatonin (1 or 2 mg/kg). Desynchronosis induced gastric ulcers in active rats not receiving injections or intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline. No gastric ulcers were found in passive animals kept under shifted light-dark cycle. Melatonin induced gastric ulcers in passive animals kept under natural light-dark cycle. Gastric ulcers were not found in active rats subjected to desynchronosis and receiving melatonin. Our results indicate that treatment with melatonin for the correction of changes induced by shifts in the light-dark cycle should be performed taking into account individual behavioral characteristics.     

外源性褪黑素对成年高血压大鼠神经发生的影响及其与学习记忆的关系

目的探讨褪黑素（MT）对成年高血压大鼠脑神经干细胞的影响及其与学习记忆的关系。方法将30只成年健康雄性wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、肾血管性高血压组及褪黑素治疗组,用Morris水迷宫测定大鼠的学习记忆能力,并用免疫组织化学方法观察侧脑室室管膜下区（SVZ）和齿状回颗粒下区（SGZ）的BrdU阳性细胞数变化。结果高血压大鼠SVZ和SGZ的BrdU细胞数及学习记忆能力均比假手术组明显下降（P〈0．01）,用MT治疗可使上述指标有所逆转至假手术组水平。结论褪黑素可能具有促进高血压大鼠神经干细胞增殖和提高大鼠学习记忆能力的作用。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺血流量与蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶平衡的关系

本文观察了大鼠急性性胰腺炎(AP)时胰腺供血以及血浆胰蛋白酶与α_2-巨球蛋白(α_2-M)的变化。发现AP时胰腺血流量(％心输出量)与胰腺组织灌流量(血流量/g胰腺组织)明显减少;血浆胰蛋白酶活力明显增高,而α_2-M水平明显降低。还发现胰腺供血的变化与胰蛋白酶/α_2-M比率的变化呈负相关。提示AP时血浆蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡与胰腺缺血有关。     

Efficacy and Mechanism of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Injection in the Treatment of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

To study the efficacy and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. SAP rat models were prepared and randomly divided into model control group and treated group. The sham-operated group was also set. At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate, ascitic volumes, pathological changes in the pancreas, contents of amylase and endotoxin in plasma as well as IL-6, IL-18, ET-1 and NO in serum, the staining intensity of Bax and NF-κB p56 proteins, and the changes in apoptosis index of pancreatic cells in rats in each group were observed. The pathological severity scores (at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation), contents of plasma endotoxin (at 6 and 12 h after operation) and serum IL-6 (at 6 and 12 h after operation) were significantly lower than those in model control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively); the staining intensity and the product of the staining intensity and positive staining rate of Bax protein in the pancreas were significanly higher than those in model control group (P < 0.01). Salvia miltiorrhizae is able to reduce the contents of plasma endotoxin and serum IL-6, promote the expression of Bax protein in pancreas, improve the pathological changes in the pancreas, and decrease the mortality rate of rats, thereby showing therapeutic effect on rats with SAP. Supported by technological foundation project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science of Zhejiang province (no. 2003C130; no. 2004C142), foundation project for medical science and technology of Zhejiang province (no. 2003B134), grave foundation project for technological and development of Hangzhou (no. 2003123B19), intensive foundation project for technology of Hangzhou (no. 2004Z006), foundation project for medical science and technology of Hangzhou (no. 2003A004) and foundation project for technology of Hangzhou (no. 2005224) We claimed that this paper was original and would not have any financial interest in a company or its competitor, and that all authors meet standard for authorship. We abided the ethics in this animal experiment study. The ethics committee approval of our hospital was secured for the animal study reported, and all rats have not been abused and executive mercy killing when the observing time in this study was over.     

切除卵巢大鼠脑内单胺类含量及应激的影响

本文观察了切除卵巢（ＯＶＸ）大鼠脑内单胺类含量的变变以及应激对这些变化的影响。结果：ＯＶＸ鼠血清雌激素水平明显下降，睾酮含量不变，体重呈明显上升趋势。在应激条件下，正常鼠下丘脑去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）含量不变，ＯＶＸ鼠明显下降。应激使正常鼠纹状体多巴胺（ＤＡ）含量明显下降，其水平与未应激的ＯＶＳ鼠相同，而ＯＶＳ鼠于应激前后无明显改变。提示雌激素撤退有可能改变机体对应激的反应性和适应性。     

红外线体外照射对大鼠血液与生化指标影响的实验研究

目的：探讨红外线体外照射对大鼠血液与生化指标成份的影响。方法：选择成年健康wiste大鼠90只．随机分为9组，实验大鼠分为连续照射24小时，48小时，72小时，三个计量组，同时设立相应的3个对照组。另针对红外线照射72小时后，设立脱离红外线12小时及1个月检测组，再设立脱离红外线作用1个月后实验大鼠实验组，并相应设立对照组。采用物理教研室神灯照射，通过观察各组大鼠的一般情况、病理解剖、血液检查及生化指标检查，分析神灯照射对实验大鼠的血液与生化指标是否具有显著的影响。结果：90只大鼠全部进入结果分析，无脱失。各组大鼠的一般情况及大体病理解剖、血常规检查指标：差异无显著性意义（F=3．14 P〉0．05）。结论：红外线体外照射对实验大鼠血液与生化指标无作用，因此红外线对于生物体是安全的。     

刺五加叶皂甙对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠GLP-1和血糖分泌的影响

目的　研究刺五加叶皂甙 (acanthopanaxsenticosussaponin ,Ass)对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病 (非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ,non insulindependentdiabetesmellitus,NIDDM)大鼠胰高血糖素样肽 1(glucagon likepeptide 1,Glp 1)和血糖的作用。方法　选用雄性Wistar大鼠 5 0只 ,用链尿佐菌素 2 5mg/kg加高脂、高糖、高热量饲养制成Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型。应用放射免疫分析测定给予Ass后其空腹及口服葡萄糖后血浆中Glp 1和血糖变化。 结果　与正常组大鼠比较 ,Ass可使Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠空腹及口服葡萄糖后Glp 1分泌升高、血糖水平降低。 结论　Ass对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠具有一定的治疗作用     

急性心理应激对不同运动负荷大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响

目的：探讨急性心理应激对不同运动负荷大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响。方法：对大鼠进行为期11周不同负荷的的运动训练，于实验末日的次日施加心理应激并取血清采用放射免疫法测定IL-6和TNF-α含量。结果：经过11的运动训练后，与对照组相比，30分钟运动组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α的含量无明显变化（均P〉0．05），60分钟运动组大鼠血清IL-6的含量上升（t=2．48，P=0．027），但TNF-α的含量下降（t=-5．10，P=0．000）；应激组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α的含量低于对照组（t=4.20,t=-4.03,P=0.000）；与应激组相比，（30分钟游泳＋急性心理应激）组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α含量上升]（t=7．89，P=0.000），而（60分钟游泳＋急性心理应激）组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α含量呈下降趋势，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：不同负荷的运动对IL-6、TNF-α含量的影响不同，适宜负荷的运动不仅能够提高机体的免疫功能，而且还能够提高机体对急性心理应激的拮抗能力。     

Changes in Hemodynamics and Respiration in Rats with Different Resistance to Acute Hypoxia

Effects of acute hypoxia on hemodynamics and respiration were studied in acute experiments on narcotized rats. The animals were divided into groups characterized by high, low-, and medium- resistance to hypoxia by the time of respiration arrest during inhalation of gas mixture containing 3% O2. Hemodynamic parameters of highly resistant animals were higher than in low-resistant rats throughout the entire hypoxic period. The development of a rare (with prolonged inspiratory phase) respiratory rhythm in highly resistant rats is an adaptive reaction, which allows them longer tolerate hypoxia compared to low-resistant animals.     

Hematological Parameters in Wistar Rats in Conditions of Stress and Treatment with Heparin

The effects on hematological measures of emotional tension arising during the formation of food-procuring behavior in a multiple-choice maze and in conditions of pain (injection of 0.85% physiological saline i.m., 0.3 ml, daily for five days) were studied in Wistar rats. Physiological saline and training of intact animals led to increases in RBC volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content, accompanied by significant increases in plasma corticosterone levels. At the same time, neither heparin (standard unfractionated heparin, Serva, doses of 64 and 640 IU/kg, daily for five days) nor training of heparinized rats produced any changes in these measures. The high levels of organization of the acquired behavior and the working capacity seen in heparinized rats were evidence for improvements in both the associative properties of conditioned reflex activity and the mechanisms supporting stable reproduction of the acquired habit. After administration of heparin, rats lost all types of manifestation reflecting psychoemotional tension as generally seen in animals in the active (administration of physiological saline) and passive (intact rats) controls. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 90, No. 11, pp. 1402–1410, November, 2004.     

Blood Albumin in the Mechanisms of Individual Resistance of Rats to Emotional Stress

This report describes studies of the characteristics of serum albumin in rats with different predicted levels of resistance to emotional stress in control conditions and in conditions of experimental emotional stress. The effects of peptides increasing the resistance of animals to emotional stress (delta sleep-inducing peptide and Semax) on serum albumin were analyzed in rats predicted to be resistant and susceptible to emotional stress.     

53例妊娠高血压综合征伴高粘血征的血液、生化指标分析

对５３例妊娠高血压伴高粘血征患者的血液、生化指标进行了探讨。结果显示：①５３例妊高征患者约７７．３６％伴有不同程度的高粘血征，并随妊高征程度的增加而增加；②５３例不同程度妊高征患者血液流变诸项指标较非妊高征者有显著性差异；③１２项常用血液、生化指标异常值明显高于非高粘组，尤以血浆纤维蛋白原变化为著。