磷霉素与4种抗菌药物对泌尿系统分离铜绿假单胞菌的协同作用研究

目的研究磷霉素与4种抗菌药物分别联合应用对40株临床分离铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性。方法采用常规培养方法和微生物分析仪对细菌进行分离、鉴定。采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。采用琼脂倍比稀释法和微量棋盘法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果 40株铜绿假单胞菌对大多数抗菌药物具有耐药性。磷霉素单独使用对铜绿假单胞菌具有较好的抗菌活性,耐药率为37.5%;磷霉素与4种抗菌药物联用后,对铜绿假单胞菌表现为相加和无关作用,协同作用较少,未见拮抗作用。结论治疗铜绿假单胞菌引起的泌尿系统感染,磷霉素仍是一个可供选择的抗菌药物。     

联合用药对烧伤病房铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的探讨环丙沙星、依诺沙星、阿米卡星与临床常用的抗铜绿假单胞菌的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物体外联合的抗菌活性。方法对2001年1月至2006年11月烧伤病房细菌培养与药物敏感试验结果进行回顾性分析,了解铜绿假单胞菌的流行情况。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定不同浓度组合的抗菌药物对2006年1～12月在烧伤病房采集的33株铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,判定联合应用效应。结果6年间我院烧伤病房共分离出652株细菌,其中革兰阴性（G-）杆菌478株,占73.3%,革兰阳性（G＋）球菌174株,占26.7%。检出最多的细菌是铜绿假单胞菌149株,鲍曼不动杆菌149株。不同浓度组合的抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度研究提示：环丙沙星、依诺沙星分别与头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、美罗培南联合主要表现为协同和相加作用。发生协同的比率,环丙沙星组分别为36.4%、30.3%、27.3%、33.3%,依诺沙星组分别为24.2%、27.3%、18.2%、27.3%。阿米卡星与头孢他啶联合用药主要表现为协同作用,协同比率为57.6%,所有的联合均无拮抗作用。结论阿米卡星与头孢他啶联合发生协同的比率高于环丙沙星和依诺沙星,环丙沙星组发生协同的比率大于依诺沙星组,二者差异并无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。细菌对抗菌药物耐药的种类越多,联合用药发生协同的比率越少。     

头孢哌酮-舒巴坦对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性

目的通过127株铜绿假单胞菌对11种抗菌药物的比较,评价头孢哌酮-舒巴坦对铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性.方法细菌鉴定采用API系统和手工法,药敏试验采用K-B法,结果判定按NCCLS 2000年标准执行,数据统计采用上海金仕达软件.结果由铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸道感染最常见,其次为伤口感染和泌尿道感染.铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦敏感度最好(敏感率为91.0%),高于亚胺培南(71.7%);对头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、氨曲南的敏感率为67.7%～83.5%;对哌拉西林敏感率(72.6%)明显高于氨苄西林-舒巴坦和阿莫西林-克拉维酸(1.8%～7.1%)(P＜0.005).结论合理选择抗菌药物,及时有效地切断耐药菌株的传播,降低由铜绿假单胞菌引起的医院感染;头孢哌酮-舒巴坦在治疗由铜绿假单胞菌引起的感染中,具有较强的抗菌活性.     

创伤外科62株铜绿假单胞菌体外抗菌药物敏感性分析

目的了解创伤外科铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南等12种抗菌药物的抗菌活性,指导临床合理用药。方法利用WHONET软件对62株创伤外科分离的铜绿假单胞菌药敏试验结果进行统计和分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星敏感性最高(96.77%),依次为哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、哌拉西林、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、左旋氧氟沙星,敏感率分别为87.10%、72.58%、70.97%、70.60%、69.35%、66.13%。敏感率小于60%抗菌药物分别是头孢他啶、氨曲南、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、替卡西林/克拉维酸。痰标本中的铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物的敏感率均小于分泌物中的铜绿假单胞菌。结论创伤外科铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗菌药物保持较高的敏感性;铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物的耐药性呈现逐年增加的趋势。     

黄连生物碱及衍生物对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌体外抗菌活性的研究

目的分析多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药情况,探究黄连生物碱及8-辛基小檗碱单用及分别与头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星联用对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌效应。方法收集首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院分离的34株非重复铜绿假单胞菌。菌株由VITEK MS质谱仪鉴定,琼脂稀释法进行体外药敏试验,微量肉汤稀释法检测不同浓度黄连生物碱、8-辛基小檗碱分别与头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星体外联合抑菌作用,时间-杀菌曲线法测定联合抗菌活性。结果①34株铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星(76.5%)、妥布霉素(67.6%)、庆大霉素(50.0%)敏感率较高,对美罗培南(17.7%)、亚胺培南(11.8%)敏感率较低,8-辛基小檗碱、黄连生物碱在512μg/ml浓度时不能抑制多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的生长。头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦均不敏感。②黄连生物碱、8-辛基小檗碱分别与头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星联用均可使后两者最低抑菌浓度(MIC)降低。③黄连生物碱、8-辛基小檗碱联合头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星在体外抑制多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌生长作用较单药显著且体外协同效应随药物浓度的升高而增强。结论氨基糖苷类抗生素对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌效果较好,8-辛基小檗碱、黄连生物碱与头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星联用均可增强后者的抑菌效应,降低后者MIC。     

ICU抗菌药物使用量与铜绿假单胞菌耐药相关性分析

目的通过分析医院重症监护病房(ICU)送检标本中铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率,探讨ICU内常用抗菌药物使用量与铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的相关性。方法调查某院ICU内2012~2015年常用抗菌药物使用量及铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率,计算各个药物的用药频度(DDDs),采用SPSS 23.0软件对耐药率和用药频度进行相关性分析。结果所调查医院2012~2015年ICU中铜绿假单胞菌检出率为13.48%,其对阿米卡星耐药率最低,对庆大霉素、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药率呈下降趋势。ICU中抗菌药物用药频度美罗培南、头孢呋辛呈上升趋势,头孢曲松、头孢美唑、头孢西丁、头孢他啶呈下降趋势。抗菌药物DDDs与铜绿假单胞菌耐药率相关性分析显示头孢曲松、头孢他啶的使用量与铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率呈正相关,磺苄西林和头孢西丁的使用量与铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素的耐药率呈正相关,头孢替安的使用量与铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星的耐药率呈显著正相关;美罗培南的使用量与铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率呈负相关,头孢硫脒的使用量与铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星的耐药率呈显著负相关。结论临床治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染中使用抗菌药物时应注意用量与耐药率的关联,合理选用抗菌药物并控制用量,以延缓细菌耐药性的进展。     

碳青霉烯耐药的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性研究

目的分析159株临床分离的非重复碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物的耐药性;为临床合理联合应用抗菌药物治疗碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染提供实验室证据。方法收集2010年5月至2011年5月,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院临床检验中心细菌室分离的来自不同患者的铜绿假单胞菌159株。测定单药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),测定联合用药的MIC,计算部分抑菌指数(FIC),判断药物组合的效应。结果 159株临床分离的非重复碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌,单药MIC显示铜绿假单胞菌对于美国临床实验室标准化委员会2010推荐和临床常用抗菌药物敏感率低,呈现多重耐药表型。不同药物组合对于碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌的作用也有很大差异。全部菌株在亚胺培南单药耐药的情况下,亚胺培南+妥布霉素表现出53.3%的相加作用,美罗培南+妥布霉素的相加作用与此类似,接近50%。结论碳青霉烯耐药的铜绿假单胞菌通常情况下也会对头孢菌素类、β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂、氨基糖甙类、氟喹诺酮类等产生多重耐药性。对于碳青霉烯耐药的铜绿假单胞菌,三代头孢菌素联合氨基糖甙类体外实验表现出较高比率的协同作用。     

基于蒙特卡洛模拟评价和优化碳青酶烯类抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗方案

目的 探讨结合美罗培南、亚胺培南和比阿培南的药动学/药效学模型,运用蒙特卡洛模拟分别评价3种抗菌药物对于铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗效果。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月临床标本分离出的铜绿假单胞菌,测得最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值,并对使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物治疗患者,运用蒙特卡洛模拟不同治疗方案对铜绿假单胞菌感染5 000次达到目标靶值f%T>MIC≥40%的达标概率(PTA)和累积反应分数(CFR)。结果 共收集患者71例,其中铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南的耐药率为26.76%,对于该院MIC值的分布,碳青霉烯类抗菌药物治疗方案CFR均<90%;当MIC≤1 mg/L时,所有给药方案PTA均>90%,当MIC值≥8 mg/L时,所有给药方案PTA均<90%;3种抗菌药物MIC值的敏感相关性范围为-73.52%～-88.78%。结论 相对敏感的铜绿假单胞菌感染可选择碳青霉烯类抗菌药物常规剂量治疗,对于耐碳青霉烯类药物的铜绿假单胞菌感染则需增加剂量和给药频次或选择联合用药。临床治疗应重视细菌培养,需根据MIC值制订治疗方案。     

亚胺培南联合多黏菌素B对不同表型铜绿假单胞菌体外抗菌活性的研究

目的探讨多黏菌素B与亚胺培南联用对不同耐药表型铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性。方法自仁济医院西部及瑞金医院临床标本中分离铜绿假单胞菌133株,运用纸片扩散(K-B)法分析其耐药表型,采用琼脂稀释法检测亚胺培南和多黏菌素B单用及联用时对不同表型铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),计算部分抑菌浓度(FIC),判断联合效应。分别探讨2个不同的配比浓度,即亚胺培南∶多黏菌素B为1∶0.5和1∶1时的抗菌效果。结果对2种药物组合进行Kappa一致性检验,药物敏感性结果一致性微弱。亚胺培南与多黏菌素B以1∶1联用时协同率为51.13%,明显高于1∶0.5时的19.55%。运用Fisher’s精确概率法分析不同表型间的联合抑菌效应,亚胺培南与多黏菌素B以1∶1浓度配比时,对各表型间均有较高的协同率,不存在明显的统计学差异;而1∶0.5时差异明显。结论体外联合应用亚胺培南与多黏菌素B对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌效果明显优于单用亚胺培南。以1∶1联用时的协同率优于1∶0.5,且对不同耐药表型的铜绿假单胞菌作用稳定,值得向临床推广。     

深圳地区4年铜绿假单胞菌对主要抗菌药物的耐药性的分析

目的 了解深圳地区2001～2004年主要临床抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性的变化,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 采用回顾分析方法对本院4年来检出的铜绿假单胞菌进行抗菌药物敏感性测定数据进行研究.结果 2001年1月～2004年12月所分离的2853株革兰氏阴性 杆菌中检出铜绿假单胞菌519株,占18.2%:对铜绿假单胞菌保持抗菌活性较强而耐率耐低于30%的抗 菌药物有阿米卡星,头孢他啶,亚胺培南等.结论 4年来铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星,环丙沙星,头孢他啶,头胞噻肟,头胞哌酮,头胞哌酮/舒巴坦等主要抗菌药物的耐率有普遍上升的趋势.铜绿假单胞菌耐 多药现象严重,根据药敏结果选择抗菌药物,有助于控制和减缓细菌耐药性的发生.     

医院内感染多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析及预防对策

目的了解铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的多重耐药情况,为临床抗感染治疗及医院内感染监控提供实验依据。方法采用美国DADE公司生产的MicroScan WalkAway-96全自动细菌分析系统,对临床分离菌进行菌种鉴定,同时对常用抗菌药物进行MIC测定。结果共分离铜绿假单胞菌762株,其中多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌239株,占31.4%。多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌主要集中在ICU、呼吸科和烧伤科病房,分别占31.8%、22.2%和19.7%;标本主要来源于下呼吸道的痰标本,占59.0%,其次为创面分泌物,占20.9%;多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率最低（38.6%）,其次为美罗培南（43.7）,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率大多在60%以上。结论多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌分离率较高,多重耐药性明显,临床应加强其耐药性监测及预防管理,以减少多重耐药菌的产生和扩散。     

多药耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药性及相关耐药基因分析

目的探讨临床分离的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药性及相关耐药基因。方法采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,VITEK 2全自动微生物鉴定及药敏系统对其进行重新鉴定,聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增oprD2、金属酶基因、氨基糖苷类酶修饰基因。结果 40株铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用的抗生素：厄它培南,亚胺培南（IPM）、头孢他啶（CAZ）、美罗培南、头孢吡肟（PEP）、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦（TZP）、环丙沙星、氨曲南（ATM）、庆大霉素（GEN）、妥布霉素、阿米卡星、多粘菌素耐药率分别为100%、96.2%、92.0%、90.1%、84.8%、83.9%、83.1%、73.7%、65.1%、60.6%、58.0%、0%。PCR结果显示oprD2缺失率65.0%,整合子阳性率22.5%,发现金属酶基因IMP-1株,氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因ant3Ⅰ、aac6Ⅱ、aac6Ⅰ、ant2Ⅰ基因阳性率分别为36.0%、35.1%、26.2%,20.1%,同时携带2种或2种以上耐药基因占55.0%,携带2种以上氨基糖苷类修饰基因的有40.0%。结论多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药性高,携带多种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因,外膜孔蛋白oprD2缺失在多药耐药铜绿假单胞很常见,另外携带多种耐药基因盒的整合子的存在也是细菌耐药的常见原因,应引起高度重视。     

医院分离铜绿假单胞菌的分布情况与耐药性分析

目的了解医院临床分离铜绿假单胞菌的分布情况及耐药现状,为临床医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2008年7月至2009年6月临床各科送检标本,采用梅里埃公司的Vitek2compact全自动微生物鉴定和药敏分析仪同时进行菌株鉴定与药敏测定。结果共分离出铜绿假单胞菌381株,其中痰标本中分离出铜绿假单胞菌最多,占62.2%;重症医学科、儿科和呼吸内科分离的菌株数居前3位;铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星的敏感性较高,耐药率为4.5%,对庆大霉素和妥布霉素这类氨基糖甙类抗菌药物敏感性均较好,耐药率低于10%,头孢吡肟和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦对铜绿假单胞菌具有较好的抗菌活性,耐药率分别为11.3%和11.8%。结论铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物的耐药性呈上升趋势,加强医院感染病原菌的耐药性监测,对合理使用抗菌药物及减缓多药耐药菌的产生尤为重要。     

全国27所医院多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌对12种抗菌药物的敏感性

目的研究医院感染相关多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,MDR-AB)及多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌(multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,MDR-PA)对12种抗菌药物的敏感性。方法收集2011年8月至2012年7月全国27所教学医院分离的医院感染相关MDR-AB及MDR-PA菌株。所有菌株均分离自有明确感染意义的临床标本,严格排除痰及筛查性拭子。菌株收集后统一在微生物实验室采用微量肉汤稀释法,测定其对12种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),并同时用CLSI M100-S24及M100-S23/S21鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的碳青霉烯类新旧折点进行对比分析。结果本研究共收集到MDR-AB 664株,未发现全耐药鲍曼不动杆菌;收集到MDR-PA 268株,其中有4株全耐药铜绿假单胞菌。外科病房及ICU病房是多重耐药菌株的主要来源。MDR-AB对黏菌素的敏感率最高,为96.8%;替加环素的敏感率为72.6%,其余药物的敏感率均低于55%。MDR-PA对黏菌素的敏感率仅为72.4%,但对阿米卡星的敏感率(64.2%)明显高于MDR-AB(16.7%)。在CLSI折点改变后,MDR-AB对亚胺培南及美罗培南的敏感率仅分别下降了1.3%和0.6%,但MDR-PA对亚胺培南及美罗培南的敏感率分别下降了5.5%和8.6%。ICU病房来源的MDR-AB及MDR-PA对碳青霉烯酶类药物敏感率都明显低于外科及其他病房。不同地域来源多重耐药菌株的耐药谱有所差异。结论黏菌素和替加环素对MDR-AB有良好的抗菌活性,黏菌素及阿米卡星对MDR-PA抗菌活性较好。     

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin in combination with ceftazidime, aztreonam, and azlocillin against multiresistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The combinations of ciprofloxacin plus ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin plus aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin plus azlocillin were evaluated for the presence of synergy against multiresistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The frequency of synergy was dependent on antibiotic susceptibilities. If the organism was resistant to ciprofloxacin, synergy was observed in more than 50% of the isolates; however, if the organism was resistant to the beta-lactam (with the exception of ceftazidime), synergy was generally observed in less than 10% of the isolates. Antagonism was not observed with any of the combinations. These results may be helpful in making clinical decisions in treating P. aeruginosa infections.     

Contemporary in vitro synergy rates for aztreonam combined with newer fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams tested against gram-negative bacilli

Aztreonam has been commonly used in various combinations to enhance antimicrobial spectrum of co-drugs and produce potential synergistic activity. Although well studied in vitro over 10 years ago, aztreonam combination testing has been poorly documented with newer or commonly used agents against contemporary isolates. All MIC tests (alone or in combination) used in this experiment were reference broth microdilution methods in checkerboard tray designs. Aztreonam was combined with ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime and imipenem at clinically relevant concentrations. Interaction categories were defined by established criteria. Forty strains each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae (12 species; aztreonam MIC, 1-16 microg/ml) were tested for each antimicrobial combination (480 total determinations). No antagonism or indeterminate interactions were identified. The overall rates of synergy or partial synergy for aztreonam with fluoroquinolone combinations was 63.4% versus P. aeruginosa, greatest for aztreonam with gatifloxacin (67.5%). Interaction categories varied greatly among aztreonam with beta-lactam combinations. Aztreonam with ceftazidime or cefepime versus P. aeruginosa had 75.0 - 85.0% partial or complete synergy rates, but aztreonam with imipenem showed dominant indifference (65.0%). In contrast, aztreonam with imipenem was more likely to exhibit synergy (32.5%) when tested against Enterobacteriaceae. Aztreonam, often used as an aminoglycoside substitute in antimicrobial combinations, continues to demonstrate enhanced, but variable drug activity interactions for contemporary antimicrobial combinations when tested against recent (2002) clinical isolates.     

Synergy of ciprofloxacin with fosfomycin in vitro against Pseudomonas isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the most common respiratory pathogen causing morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin (calcium and tromethamine salts) in combination against P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients, all of whom had received previous courses of ciprofloxacin, was evaluated by agar plate dilution chequerboard technique. The concentrations of drugs used were those that would be achieved in patients by oral and intravenous (fosfomycin only) routes. Synergy, taking into account fosfomycin concentrations achievable intravenously, was found against 60% of P. aeruginosa isolates. With concentrations achieved after an oral dose, 17% of isolates were synergistically inhibited. Time-kill experiments confirmed these findings. Ciprofloxacin MICs against resistant P. aeruginosa were reduced to achievable sputum and serum levels in the presence of fosfomycin. However, in progressive resistance studies fosfomycin failed to delay the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin. The combinations of ofloxacin/fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin/fosmidomycin were also tested, but showed minimal synergy. No antagonism was observed with any combination. Fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin and azlocillin in triple combination did not show synergy. The antimicrobial combinations tested against P. cepacia isolates from CF patients were indifferent. The combination of ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin may be clinically useful in selected P. aeruginosa pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients, particularly as an oral out-of-hospital treatment alternative or in cases where MICs for ciprofloxacin are elevated.     

Synergic activity of cephalosporins plus fluoroquinolones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with resistance to one or both drugs

Owing to increasing resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, empirical drug regimens may include agents to which some strains may be resistant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activities of different combinations of cephalosporin plus fluoroquinolone against P. aeruginosa isolates with varying susceptibility to the study drugs. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing was performed with 10 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The bactericidal activity of cefepime or ceftazidime alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin or moxifloxacin was evaluated using time-kill methods. Colony counts were determined at 0, 4, 8 and 24 h, using antimicrobial concentrations of 0.5 x MIC. All procedures were performed in duplicate. Synergy was defined as a >2-log decrease in cfu/mL at 24 h compared with the single most active agent. The MICs for tested strains were: ceftazidime 0.75-32, cefepime 0.125-8, ciprofloxacin 0.0078-8, levofloxacin 0.023-16, gatifloxacin 0.023-16 and moxifloxacin 0.0521-32 mg/L. Four strains were susceptible to all drugs, two strains were cephalosporin susceptible and fluoroquinolone resistant, and two strains were cephalosporin resistant and fluoroquinolone susceptible. Two strains were resistant or intermediately susceptible to all drugs. Various cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone combinations were synergic against P. aeruginosa, including strains resistant to one or both agents in combination. No synergy was observed in two strains susceptible to all drugs. There were no differences noted between different cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone combinations. Concentrations used in this study are clinically achievable with recommended regimens in most cases.     

云浮地区多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌相关耐药基因的研究

目的研究云浮地区临床分离的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌相关耐药基因。方法采用K-B法进行药敏实验,聚合酶链反应（PCR）对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌进行β-内酰胺酶相关基因和氨基糖苷类修饰酶（AMEs）基因检测,并进行测序。结果 25株铜绿假单胞菌未发现对多黏菌素B耐药,其余抗生素耐药率均大于50%,氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因ant（2″）-Ⅰ、ant（3″）-Ⅰ、aac（6′）-Ⅰ、aac（6′）-Ⅱ和aac（3）-Ⅱ基因阳性率分别为20%、32%、24%、28%和24%,未检出aac（3）-Ⅰ基因;β-内酰胺酶基因OXA-10、TEM-1、SHV、DHA-1、PER和IMP-9基因阳性率分别为32%、12%、8%、12%、12%和12%,未检出CTX-M-9基因和VIM基因;另外OprD2基因缺失率达60%。结论本地区多重耐药的铜绿假单胞菌携带多种β-内酰胺酶和氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因,应引起高度重视。     

Synergism of the combinations of imipenem plus ciprofloxacin and imipenem plus amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial pathogens.

The combinations of imipenem plus ciprofloxacin and imipenem plus amikacin were investigated for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial pathogens. For imipenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa, synergy of imipenem plus ciprofloxacin and imipenem plus amikacin was observed against 36 and 45% of the strains, respectively. The incidence of synergy against imipenem-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa was 10% for both combinations. Antagonism was not observed with either combination.