超声消融治疗下肢深静脉血栓54例

下肢深静脉血栓致静脉回流障碍 ,肢体肿胀 ,行走困难 ,易并发肺动脉栓塞而猝死 ,且不论采取哪种方法治疗 ,大多数病人会遗留血栓。 2 0 0 0年 8月始 ,我院应用超声消融治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成 5 4例 ,发现与传统治疗方法比较 ,该方法有许多优点。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男 38例 ,女 16例 ;年龄 17～ 78岁 ,平均 4 8 6岁。左下肢 4 3例 ,右下肢 10例 ,双下肢 1例 ,共 5 4例 5 5条肢体。病程 2周内 30例 ,2周～ 3个月 15例 ,3～ 6个月 4例 ,0 5～ 4年 5例。诊断下肢深静脉血栓形成 5 0例 ,其中急性大腿青肿 2例 ;深静脉血栓后遗症 2例。…     

超声心动图与外周血管超声诊断肺栓塞症的临床价值分析

目的 探讨超声心动图联合外周血管超声的检测方法在肺血栓栓塞症的临床诊断中的应用价值.方法 对我院就诊的42例肺血栓栓塞症的患者应用超声心动图和外周血管的彩色多普勒超声联合检查,并分析其检测结果.结果 经超声心动图检测后,有33例患者表现出心动图异常.其中18例患者直接检测到肺部血栓.并且此33例患者均检测到右心系统形态改变和三尖瓣返流现象.经下肢静脉超声检测后,检出下肢动脉血栓18例,确诊为肺栓塞患者8例.另有7例患者检出轻度下肢深静脉血栓症状,其中3例最终确诊为肺栓塞.结论 超声心动图联合外周血管超声的方法对肺血栓栓塞症具有重要诊断价值.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成MR直接成像的临床应用

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成磁共振直接成像(magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging,MRDTI)的临床应用价值.方法 对31例临床确诊下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者进行了MRDTI和MRA检查,MRDTI选用SE序列TlWI、FSE序列T2W1、FAST(fourier acquired steady state)序列.其中23例患者做了数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查.结果 急性血栓共23例,血栓在FSE序列T2WI、FAST多为等、高信号表现,信号多不均匀.慢性血栓共8例:血栓在FSE序列T2WI、SE序列T1WI、FAST多为低信号或等信号,3 例慢性血栓形成有血管壁增厚、血管壁不规则表现.下肢深静脉血栓形成的MRA表现有:静脉充盈缺损(19例)、静脉闭塞和中断(9例)、静脉再通(4例)、侧枝循环形成(31例).以DSA为诊断标准,MRA诊断符合率为95.65%.结论 对下肢深静脉血栓形成MRDTI检查町作为MRA检查的重要补充.     

外科手术后肺栓塞18例临床分析

目的分析外科手术后患者急性肺栓塞的临床特点。方法回顾我院2000年—2006年期间外科手术后肺栓塞患者18例的一般资料、临床特点及实验室检查、治疗经过。结果平均发病年龄52.5岁,15例出现氧分压下降,呼吸困难是急性肺栓塞最常见的临床症状,8例并发下肢深静脉血栓形成,只有3例出现心电图的典型改变(SⅠ,QⅢ,TⅢ),16例D-二聚体检查阳性(有鉴别诊断价值)。加强CT及肺灌注扫描是安全、可行的检查项目,具有诊断价值。结论外科手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓是急性肺动脉栓塞的主要危险因素,积极的溶栓治疗可显著改善预后,临床医师应引起高度重视。     

中西医结合治疗妇科肿瘤术后并发深静脉血栓的临床观察

研究对象 :妇科肿瘤术后并发深静脉血栓 (ＤＶＴ)的患者8例。治疗组发病年龄 40～ 72岁 (平均 5 6岁 ) ;体重 5 5～90ｋｇ(平均 6 3 6ｋｇ) ;恶性肿瘤 5例 (6 2 5 % ) ,其中子宫内膜癌 4例、卵巢癌 1例 ,良性肿瘤 3例 (37 5 % ) ;临床表现为下肢疼痛、肿胀、增粗、皮肤苍白、皮温低等 ;发生部位以髂静脉多见 (91 1% ) ,股静脉次之 (8 9% )。诊断方法 :对妇科肿瘤患者术后出现下肢肿胀、疼痛、增粗、皮温低等临床表现者 ,配合辅助检查 ,如 :彩色多普勒超声 ,下肢静脉血管造影可确诊。中医辨证分析 :患者行手术 ,气血瘀滞 ,湿热流注下肢 ,致…     

超声诊断肺动脉栓塞的应用价值

目的:探讨超声心动图对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。材料和方法:对临床确诊的14例肺动脉栓塞患者进行经胸超声心动图及下肢深静脉超声检查,与肺动脉造影、螺旋CT、磁共振成像或核素肺显像对照。结果:超声心动图发现直接征象者8例,大致正常者2例,重度肺动脉收缩压增高者4例;合并下肢深静脉血栓者12例,合并卵圆孔未闭2例。结论:超声的多项技术联合应用可提高对肺动脉栓塞诊断。     

CT血管造影后深静脉扫描对深静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的探讨肺动脉CT血管造影后深静脉扫描对深静脉血栓的位置、范围及管腔狭窄程度的诊断价值,并与下肢静脉造影结果进行对照。方法19例疑诊肺栓塞的患者,接受肺动脉CT血管造影后深静脉扫描,其中男8例,女11例,年龄38~73岁。CT肺动脉造影扫描范围从膈顶至主动脉弓水平。其中15例接受双下肢静脉造影,扫描范围从膈顶至小腿上端。分别观察2种检查方法的影像结果,并将下肢静脉影像进行比较分析。结果全部19例患者行肺动脉CT血管造影后深静脉扫描,所有病例均获得满意的肺部图像,18例获得良好的深静脉扫描图像,1例深静脉显影不良,不能诊断。7例有不同程度和范围的肺动脉栓塞,11例见有深静脉血栓,其中既有肺动脉栓塞又有深静脉血栓者6例,1例仅有肺动脉栓塞而无深静脉血栓,5例仅有深静脉血栓而无肺动脉栓塞。15例患者在CT检查前后24h接受下肢静脉造影检查,10例呈阳性,显示血栓分别位于静脉和股静脉。10例下肢静脉血栓病例,CT检查发现9例,漏诊1例;而CT发现的股静脉以上平面的深静脉血栓4例,下肢静脉造影受其技术方法限制,均未能显示。结论CT肺动脉造影除能够发现肺栓塞的部位及其他非栓塞病变外,对下肢、盆腔及腹部的静脉扫描,还可准确地诊断深静脉血栓。     

肺通气/灌注显像与HCTPA诊断肺动脉栓塞的价值

目的　评价核素肺通气 灌注(V Q)显像、螺旋CT肺动脉造影(HCTPA)及血浆D 二聚体在诊断肺动脉血栓中的作用。方法　临床疑为肺动脉栓塞(PE)患者4 2例,男2 6例,女16例,平均年龄( 4 9 18±16 5 6 )岁,均行核素肺V Q显像、HCTPA及血浆D 二聚体测定。其中32例患者在行肺灌注显像时,选择双足背静脉注射肺灌注显像剂,同时完成双下肢静脉显像。结果　4 2例患者中34例经临床诊断为PE ,肺V Q显像诊断PE的灵敏度、准确性和阳性预测值分别为94 12 %、90 4 8%和94 12 % ,HCTPA分别为85 2 9%、83 33%和93 5 5 % ,D 二聚体分别为5 2 94 %、5 7 14 %和90 0 0 %。32例行下肢深静脉显像的PE患者中2 0例有下肢静脉血栓。结论　肺V Q显像无创、安全、简便,诊断PE的灵敏度、准确性高。核素肺显像诊断亚肺段水平PE的能力明显高于HCTPA。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成MR检查的临床价值

目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成磁共振血管成像（MRA）和下肢深静脉血栓磁共振直接成像（MRDTI）的临床价值。资料与方法对25例临床确诊为下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者进行MRA和MRDTI检查．MRA采用二维时间飞越法（2DTOF）;MRDTI选用SET1WI、FSET2WI、FAST（fourier acquired steady state,FAST）序列。其中23例行数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查,MRA与DSA进行对照分析。结果下肢深静脉血栓形成的MRA表现有：静脉充盈缺损（14例）、静脉闭塞和中断（8例）、静脉再通（3例）、侧支循环形成（25例）。以DSA为诊断标准,MRA诊断符合率为95．65％。下肢深静脉血栓形成MRDTI表现为：急性血栓（19例）,血栓在SET1WI、FSET2WI和FAST序列上多为等信号或高信号,信号多不均匀,6例可见血管周围水肿;慢性血栓（6例）,血栓在SET1WI、FSET2WI和FAST序列上多均为低或等信号。结论2DTOFMRA结合多种序列MRDTI的表现,诊断下肢深静脉血栓更准确,并可以为判断血栓新旧提供依据。     

彩色多普勒对急性动脉栓塞的诊断

急性动脉栓塞常因血栓或少见的人工瓣膜的瓣叶脱落堵塞动脉,造成血流障碍的急性疾病。其发病突然、对患者危害较大。彩色多普勒对该病的诊断有很大的帮助。现将我院超声诊断并经临床、X线造影证实的8例报告如下。1 资料与方法 8例中,男性6例、女性2例,年龄28～79岁,平均54.6岁。全部都患有心脏疾患,发病后病程最短2小时、最长14天。其中,动脉血栓7例、动脉异物     

Molecular imaging techniques in body imaging

Molecular imaging of the body involves new techniques to image cellular biochemical processes, which results in studies with high sensitivity, specificity, and signal-to-background. The most prevalently used molecular imaging technique in body imaging is currently fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). FDG PET has become the method of choice for the staging and restaging of many of the most common cancers, including lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. FDG PET has also become extremely valuable in monitoring the response to therapeutic drugs in many cancers. New PET agents, such as fluorothymidine and acetate, have also shown promise in the evaluation of response to therapy and in the staging of prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has shown promise in the evaluation of prostate cancer. Breast cancer evaluation benefits from advances in spectroscopic imaging and contrast-enhanced kinetic evaluation of vascular permeability, which is altered in neoplastic processes because of release of angiogenic factors. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles represent the first of an expanding line of MR contrast agents that target specific cellular processes. SPIO particles have also been used in the evaluation of the cirrhotic liver and at MR lymphangiography.     

Molecular imaging: integration of molecular imaging into the musculoskeletal imaging practice

Chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis, malignancy, and chronic injury and/or inflammation, all of which may produce chronic musculoskeletal pain, often pose challenges for current clinical imaging methods. The ability to distinguish an acute flare from chronic changes in rheumatoid arthritis, to survey early articular cartilage breakdown, to distinguish sarcomatous recurrence from posttherapeutic inflammation, and to directly identify generators of chronic pain are a few examples of current diagnostic limitations. There is hope that a growing field known as molecular imaging will provide solutions to these diagnostic puzzles. These techniques aim to depict, noninvasively, specific abnormal cellular, molecular, and physiologic events associated with these and other diseases. For example, the presence and mobilization of specific cell populations can be monitored with molecular imaging. Cellular metabolism, stress, and apoptosis can also be followed. Furthermore, disease-specific molecules can be targeted, and particular gene-related events can be assayed in living subjects. Relatively recent molecular and cellular imaging protocols confirm important advances in imaging technology, engineering, chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics that have coalesced into a multidisciplinary and multimodality effort. Molecular probes are currently being developed not only for radionuclide-based techniques but also for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, ultrasonography, and the emerging field of optical imaging. Furthermore, molecular imaging is facilitating the development of molecular therapies and gene therapy, because molecular imaging makes it possible to noninvasively track and monitor targeted molecular therapies. Implementation of molecular imaging procedures will be essential to a clinical imaging practice. With this in mind, the goal of the following discussion is to promote a better understanding of how such procedures may help address specific musculoskeletal issues, both now and in the years ahead.     

Molecular imaging will replace myocardial perfusion imaging

Conclusion   “The order is rapidly fadin’. And the first one now will later be last ...” In 2008 myocardial perfusion imaging is the main-stay of nuclear cardiology. However, the lyrics of Dylan from the 1960s are applicable today, as we are in rapidly changing times in medicine. We are seeing a paradigm shift in disease detection and treatment from a focus on cardiovascular morphology, function, and pathophysiology to genetic and molecular events. Cardiovascular molecular imaging will be the vanguard of noninvasive imaging in this era. Nuclear cardiology is uniquely positioned to play a central role in both the clinical and research applications of cardiovascular molecular imaging. The question should not be whether myocardial perfusion imaging will remain the dominant clinical application but how does nuclear cardiology transition to embrace and foster cardiovascular molecular imaging. If we do not do this, there are several other imaging specialties that will be more than willing to fill this void.     

用于肿瘤显像的三种显像剂

肿瘤阳性显像具有较高的敏感性和特异性,易于对肿瘤的原发、复发以及转移做出定性、定位诊断。201Tl、99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异腈已经用于鉴别诊断良恶性病灶、寻找转移灶、评价治疗效果和判断预后,99mTc-氮-二(N-乙基-N-乙氧基二硫代氨基甲酸盐)在肿瘤中的应用则尚在探讨中。     

Optimizing joint imaging: MR imaging techniques

For optimizing MR of the joints, a sophisticated knowledge of MR system hard-and software condition, and coil technologies, sequence and contrast preparation techniques, and the use of paramagnetic contrast agents is necessary. This review article discusses the basic principles of the appropriate use of surfacecoilsas well as the different conventional and fast imagingsequences, including three-dimensional (3D)MR imaging. In addition, the applications of contrast agents as well as the most important contrast prepaation techniques are reviewed.     

Magnetic resonance imaging: Review of imaging techniques and overview of liver imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver is slowly transitioning from a problem solving imaging modality to a first line imaging modality for many diseases of the liver. The well established advantages of MRI over other cross sectional imaging modalities may be the basis for this transition. Technological advancements in MRI that focus on producing high quality images and fast imaging, increasing diagnostic accuracy and developing newer function-specific contrast agents are essential in ensuring that MRI succeeds as a first line imaging modality. Newer imaging techniques, such as parallel imaging, are widely utilized to shorten scanning time. Diffusion weighted echo planar imaging, an adaptation from neuroimaging, is fast becoming a routine part of the MRI liver protocol to improve lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Contrast enhanced dynamic T1 weighted imaging is crucial in complete evaluation of diseases and the merit of this dynamic imaging relies heavily on the appropriate timing of the contrast injection. Newer techniques that include fluoro-triggered contrast enhanced MRI, an adaptation from 3D MRA imaging, are utilized to achieve good bolus timing that will allow for optimum scanning. For accurate interpretation of liver diseases, good understanding of the newer imaging techniques and familiarity with typical imaging features of liver diseases are essential. In this review, MR sequences for a time efficient liver MRI protocol utilizing newer imaging techniques are discussed and an overview of imaging features of selected common focal and diffuse liver diseases are presented.     

Comparison of contrast-enhanced fundamental imaging, second-harmonic imaging, and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of recent contrast-specific ultrasound techniques in depicting vascular flow and the effects of changing the output power of the transducer and insonation mode on contrast enhancement, the authors performed an experimental study with a flow phantom. METHODS: While changing the mechanical index and the sound insonation mode (continuous and intermittent), images were obtained with three contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques: fundamental, second-harmonic, and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) after a bolus injection of microbubble contrast agent. The images were compared on a time-intensity curve. RESULTS: In assessing fixed flow (10 cm/s), PIHI showed the best depiction of flow signal. In intermittent scanning, increases in the mechanical index caused stronger flow signals and longer enhancement duration in all techniques. However, continuous scanning revealed poor depiction of flow signal regardless of the technique or changes in the mechanical index because of significant bubble destruction. CONCLUSIONS: Microbubble-enhanced PIHI with intermittent scanning at a high mechanical index can depict vascular flow highly effectively without shortening the duration of enhancement.     

Undersampled projection-reconstruction imaging for time-resolved contrast-enhanced imaging.

In time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography, spatial resolution is traded for high temporal resolution. A hybrid method is presented that attempts to reduce this tradeoff in two of the spatial dimensions. It combines an undersampled projection acquisition in two dimensions with variable rate k-space sampling in the third. Spatial resolution in the projection plane is determined by readout resolution and is limited primarily by signal-to-noise ratio. Oversampling the center of k-space combined with temporal k-space interpolation provides time frames with minimal venous contamination. Results demonstrating improved resolution in phantoms and volunteers are presented using angular undersampling factors up to eight with acceptable projection reconstruction artifacts.