不同职业健康女性与男性对-30°头低位的反应

目的 观察不同职业男女人群在头低位倾斜实验中的反应,比较其异同点.方法 被试者42名,分为4组:女职业组(A组)11人、女飞行组(B组)10人、男特飞组(C组)14人和男职业组(D组)7人.观察他们在-30° 45 min头低位期间心率(HR)、血压(BP)和症状的变化.结果 男女4组心率均随头低位倾斜(HDT)时间延长而下降,以男职业组和女飞行组的降低明显(P＜0.05);男特飞组SBP、MBP显著高于女性两组(P＜0.05),DBP明显高于女飞行组(P＜0.05);男职业组HR、BP均显著高于女职业组(P＜0.05).女职业组DBP、MBP显著高于对照值(P＜0.01),DBP两女性组间有显著差异(P＜0.05).女性组对HDT的症状反应较男性组轻. 结论女性组心率对HDT的反应趋势与男性一致;血压的调节在女性与男性间,女性不同职业间存在差异,症状是判断HDT耐力的因素之一.     

冠心病患者性激素与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇相关性探讨

本文根据测定的睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E_2)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的结果,分析同龄男、女间,同龄女性闭经前后发生冠心病(CHD)的差异以及卵巢发育不全,男性女性化等发生CHD显著升高现象。 所选CHD组按WHO诊断标准共174例。按年龄(49～59岁为中年组,>60岁为老年组)和性别分为4个组。对照组为健康者217名,按相     

中国汉族成人额叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

目的 测量中国汉族正常成人大脑额叶体积,为建立中国成人数字标准脑提供基础数据.方法 采用全国多中心临床研究形式,选取18～70岁健康志愿者200名,按照年龄18～30、31～40、41～50、51～60、61～70岁进行分组,每组男、女各20名.所有受试者均行3D磁化强度预备梯度回波序列T1WI采集额叶体积,通过人工勾画ROI法分别测量志愿者左、右侧额叶体积,并对测量数据进行统计学分析.男、女性别间比较采用独立样本t检验;左、右侧别间比较采用配对样本t检验;年龄与额叶体积进行相关与回归分析.结果 200名志愿者大脑额叶总体积为(563±73)cm3.100名男性左、右侧额叶体积值分别为(288±42)、(292±41)cm3;100名女性左、右侧额叶体积值分别为(273±30)、(274±30)cm3.大脑额叶总体积男、女性别间差异有统计学意义(t=3.334,P<0.05).男性左、右侧额叶体积差异有统计学意义(t=-3.09,P<0.05),女性左、右侧额叶体积差异无统计学意义(t=-1.304,P>0.05).男性及女性大脑额叶总体积均与年龄呈负相关(r值分别为-0.586、-0.498,P值均<0.01).结论 健康国人男性额叶总体积大于女性.男性右侧额叶体积大于左侧,而女性双侧额叶体积差异无统计学意义.随着年龄的增长,男性及女性的额叶总体积均呈现逐渐缩小的趋势,男性额叶缩小的趋势比女性明显.     

人血液淋巴细胞亚群和年龄相关的变化

人,像许多种动物那样,细胞免疫和体液免疫的反应能力随年龄的增加而逐渐降低。作者采用六种不同指标:E玫瑰花、抗人T淋巴细胞抗原(HTLA)血清、“早期”(early)E玫瑰花、ECA玫瑰花、EA玫瑰花和表面免疫球蛋白(SmIg)等方法,检测了118例(男76例,女42例)健康人外周血T和B淋巴细胞亚群的数量。其中新生儿26例(13个男性,13个女性,出生后3～21天),婴儿12例(3个男性,9个女性,出生后3个月),成年人40例(20～50岁),老年人40例(75～97岁)。结果发现: 1.全血总的淋巴细胞的百分数和绝对数在新生儿和婴儿之间没有统计学差异。     

面部表情识别任务脑活动性别差异的fMRI研究

目的检测与面部表情识别相关脑区的激活部位及特点,分析其性别间差异。资料与方法采用GE1.5 T磁共振扫描仪对22名健康志愿者(男\女各11名,年龄26～37岁)行磁共振功能成像(functional magneticresonance imaging,fMRI),实验任务为事件相关设计的负性、正性及中性面部表情图片识别。采用SPM5软件进行fMRI数据预处理和统计分析。观察有统计学意义的体素所在的脑区及其MNI坐标,记录激活区的激活强度。并记录志愿者执行任务的反应时间和正确率。结果男性志愿者的反应时间明显快于女性(P<0.05);判断正确率无性别间差异(P>0.05)。识别正性表情时,女性相对于男性(女-男)激活增加的脑区包括左侧前额皮层背外侧(BA11)、两侧顶下小叶(BA39、40)、左侧颞下回(BA38)和右小脑;男性相对于女性(男-女)激活增加的脑区包括右侧前额皮层外侧面(BA6、10、44)、两侧楔前叶(BA7、19)、左侧颞上回(BA42)、两扣带回后部(BA24、30)、左海马旁回(BA30)、两小脑后叶和左尾状核。识别负性表情刺激时,女性相对于男性(女-男)激活增加的脑区包括两侧前额皮层背外侧...     

自填式青春期发育量表(中译版)的检验

目的:验证自填式青春期发育量表(中译版)的可靠性和有效性。方法:选取153名11～14岁健康中学生(男79人,女74人)填写量表,通过量表的总分相关系数和内部一致性检验反映量表的信度。量表的效度检验方法为,选取32名11～14岁健康受试者(男20名,女12名),使其同时完成量表填写和骨龄片的拍摄,运用Pearson相关分析确定效标系数,说明量表得分与骨龄的相关一致性,P<0.05具有统计学意义。结果:自填式青春期发育量表(中译版)三个记分条目的总分相关系数,男性分别为0.49、0.51和0.40,女性分别为0.55、0.63和0.65;男、女生量表的克朗巴哈α系数分别是0.63和0.72。男、女生量表得分与骨龄呈高度相关,相关系数分别为0.614(P<0.01)、0.798(P<0.01)。结论:自填式青春期发育量表(中译版)具有较高的内部一致性,可以有效评估中国学生青春期的发育阶段。     

112例女性动脉粥样硬化患者三酰甘油代谢异常的研究

循证医学证明高胆固醇血症是动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的独立危险因子.有研究认为胆固醇升高对女性的不利影响远低于男性,而甘油三酯(TG)对女性的不利影响比男性明显[1].     

中国军事飞行员心电图正常值研究

目的 研究确定出中国飞行员心电图正常值范围，为飞行员选拔和心血管功能专项医学鉴定提供依据。方法 采用十二导联同步心电图仪采集1098名飞行员(其中男飞行员1043名，女飞行员55名)心电图，然后进行测量与统计分析。结果 得出了不同年龄(20～55岁)、不同机种的1043名男飞行员和55名女飞行员十二导联同步心电图有关指标的正常值范围(包括：心率、心电轴、P-R间期、QT间期、QRS波振幅、QRS波时限、P波振幅、T波振幅等)；几个主要发现是：飞行人员心率变化范围大(40～100次／rain)，≤60次／min约占25％；心电轴轻度左偏和右偏分别占3．5％(男性)、1．8％(女性)和6．2％(男性)、3．6％(女性)；P波振幅、时限均以I导联最大；QRS波时限、QT间期以V2、V3导联最大，aVL最小；R波振幅、T波振幅以V3、V4最明显；在导联之间，PR间期离散度最小(男≤11ms、女≤12ms)，而QT间期离散度最大(男≥24ms、女≥40ms)。结论 采用十二导联同步心电图采集记录方法研究确定中国飞行人员心电图正常值范围是准确可靠的，可为飞行员选拔和心血管功能专项医学鉴定提供重要依据。     

男女受试者+Gz耐力差异的载人离心机试验研究

目的 检测男、女受试者的基础及紧张+Gz耐力,分析和探讨+Gz耐力的性别差异.方法 6名女性和7名男性健康志愿者参加了本项研究.首先用微压表检测最大呼气压力,然后在载人离心机上完成基础+Gz耐力、使用抗荷装备并做PHP抗荷动作时的紧张+Gz耐力测试.用独立样本t检验法对数据进行统计学分析. 结果 男性受试者的最大呼气压力为(26.6±5.4)kPa,显著大于女性受试者[(19.7±5.8) kPa],差异有统计学意义(t=2.234,P=0.047).女性受试者的基础耐力为(3.50±0.32)G,比男性受试者[(3.30±0.20)G]略高,但差异无统计学意义(t=0.113,P=0.835).女性受试者的紧张+Gz耐力为(6.00±0.55)G,显著小于男性受试者[(8.50±0.00)G],差异有统计学意义(t=11.180,P=0.000). 结论 男、女受试者的基础+Gz耐力差异不显著,但男性受试者的紧张+Gz耐力高于女性.呼吸肌力量小、抗荷服不合身及缺乏离心机试验经验等是影响女受试者G耐力的不利因素.     

克拉玛依市白碱滩区人群血脂水平分型及分类研究

目的:研究克拉玛依地区普通人群血脂水平分类及分型特征。方法:根据体检获得的1508例资料 (男／女=611／897年龄35岁以上),按我国“血脂异常防治建议”并参考美国“ATPⅢ指南”作血脂分类及分型研究。结果:本组人群中35岁以上者只有约50％总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三脂(TG)都在合适水平。女性高 TC多于高TG,男性高TG多于高TC;55岁后高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)下降明显,男性中约有30％、女性中约有20％HDL-C偏低。结论:本调查结果显示35岁以上普通人群血脂异常者已达50％,男性以高 TG为主,女性以高TC为主,55岁后HDL-C降低较为明显。预防心脑血管疾病应从青壮年开始。     

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in Nigerian university athletes and non-athletes.

The fasting plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles were determined in 14 healthy Nigerian male athletes and controls matched for sex and anthropometric parameters. The mean levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) AII and E were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the athletes than in the controls. However, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the mean values of the plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, apo AI, B, Lp(a), LpA1 and CIII:NonB respectively for the athletes and controls. A priori, the potential effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was also compared using three predictor ratios - total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL), LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol and apo B:AI. The mean of the three ratios was lower in the athletes than in the controls; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Based on our data, exercise appears to decrease the TC:HDL ratio in the athletes by lowering LDL-cholesterol, while the HDL-cholesterol is unaffected. We conclude that physical activity has salutary effects on the lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles of healthy Nigerian men.     

补充复力康合剂对训练大鼠运动能力及血清T、C、GH水平的影响

目的:观察补充复力康合剂对训练大鼠运动能力的作用,探讨雌性成年大鼠GH/C比值与雄性成年大鼠T/C比值与运动能力的关系.方法:成年SD大鼠,雄性30只,雌性31只,随机分为雄性安静对照组、雄性运动对照组、雄性运动服药组、雌性安静对照组、雌性运动对照组和雌性运动服药组6组.运动对照组和运动服药组每天负?%力竭游泳,每周游泳6天,观察游泳时间.运动服药组每天灌喂复力康合剂(10.8g生药/kg体重)1次,安静对照组和运动对照组则按同等比例灌喂蒸馏水1次.共4周.取材当日完成运动负荷后取血清,测定睾酮(T)、生长激素(GH)和皮质醇(C).结果:长期游泳训练导致雄性大鼠血清T水平明显降低,而雌性大鼠则主要表现为GH的降低,服用复力康合剂后能提高雄性大鼠血清T水平和雌性大鼠GH的水平.运动服药组力竭游泳时间较运动对照组明显延长.以上结果提示补充复力康合剂对机体运动能力有良性作用.     

Sex-related differences in the anteroposterior diameter of the foetal cisterna magna

AIM: To measure the anteroposterior diameter of the foetal cisterna magna and observe whether there are differences according to sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-seven Chinese women with low-risk pregnancies and a singleton foetus between 22 and 38 weeks' gestational age were included in this retrospective study. Informed consent of the volunteer subjects and hospital authority approval were first obtained. Double-blinded for gender, the anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna of the foetuses was measured by transabdominal sonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for those foetuses with mega cisterna magna. All of the foetuses were healthy by prenatal and postnatal examination, including physical and imaging examination. RESULTS: The mean anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna of all foetuses was 8.01+/-1.79mm. The anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna had no obvious correlation with the gestational age. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna of 179 male foetuses was 8.63+/-2.16mm, and the mean anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna of 158 female foetuses was 7.87+/-1.74mm. The size difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the 33 foetuses with mega cisterna magna, the number of male foetuses was greater than female foetuses, and the proportion of the foetuses with mega cisterna magna in the male group was significantly higher than the foetuses in the female group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Male foetuses had slightly larger anteroposterior diameters of the cisterna magna than female foetuses. The study would be useful for creating normal range values for the cisterna magna of male and female foetuses.     

Both poor cardiorespiratory and weak muscle fitness are related to a high concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein lipids

Good physical fitness is associated with favorable serum lipids. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) could be even more atherogenic than serum lipids. We studied the association of ox-LDL and serum lipids with physical fitness. Healthy young (mean age 25 years) men (n=846) underwent maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max) ) and muscle fitness index (MFI) tests and completed a leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) questionnaire. Age (ANCOVA1), age+waist circumference+systolic blood pressure+fasting blood glucose+smoking (ANCOVA3) were used as covariates. The groups with the lowest VO(2max) , MFI and LTPA had 23%, 16% and 8% higher concentrations of ox-LDL than the groups with the highest VO(2max) (P<0.0001), MFI (P=0.022) and LTPA (P=0.039) groups, respectively. Subjects with poor fitness (low VO(2max) or low MFI) or low LTPA had elevated levels of ox-LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and a low level of HDL-cholesterol (ANCOVA1, in all, P<0.05). Furthermore, low VO(2max) is associated with a high level of ox-LDL/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and with a low level of HDL-cholesterol (ANCOVA3, in all, P<0.05). Also, subjects with low LTPA had a high ratio of ox-LDL/HDL-cholesterol (ANCOVA1, P=0.001). In conclusion, both poor fitness (both low VO(2max) and low MFI) and low LTPA are associated with a higher concentration of ox-LDL lipids and serum lipids, which may indicate a higher risk for atherosclerosis.     

高血压对男性冠心病患者血脂和载脂蛋白的影响

 目的观察高血压对男性冠心病患者血脂和载脂蛋白的影响.方法将276例患者分为高血压病组(EH,83例)、冠心病组(CHD,85例)、高血压合并冠心病组(EH+CHD,108例).选择健康体检者106例作为对照组.比较三组患者的血脂和载脂蛋白的变化情况,并做分层分析.结果(1)三组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(Apo B)水平均明显高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(Apo AI)和Apo AI/B的水平明显降低(P＜0.05).(2)未按年龄分组时,各项血脂水平在三组患者中差异无统计学意义.(3)按年龄分层后,≤55岁组中EH+CHD组TC、甘油三酯(TG)和LDL-C的水平最高.结论高血压患者存在血脂代谢紊乱,在合并冠心病时高血压对血脂具有叠加作用,应加强中青年男性高血压患者的调脂治疗.     

A comparison of results after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in female and male competitive athletes A two- to five-year follow-up of 429 patients

The aim of this study was to compare the results after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in female and male competitive athletes who had a pre-injury Tegner activity level of > or =7 and a non-injured contralateral anterior cruciate ligament. One hundred and thirty-three female and 296 male patients were followed at 38 (21-68) months after the index operation. All the patients were operated on by experienced knee surgeons using patellar tendon autografts and interference screw fixation. At the index operation the median age of the female patients was 23 (1645) years and the median age of the male patients was 26 (16-47) years. The reconstruction was performed a median of 10 (0-141) and 10 (0-203) months after the injury in women and men respectively. The patients were re-examined by independent observers. At the follow-up, the median Lysholm score was 89 (38-100) points in the female group and 90 (22-100) points in the male group (P=0.015). The IKDC evaluation system, subjective anterior knee pain, subjective evaluation of the results, the knee-walking test and the KT-1000 tests revealed no differences between the groups. The mean (+/-2 SD) pre-injury Tegner activity level was 8.1 (+/-1.9) (median 8 (7-10)) in the female group and 8.4 (+/-1.8) (median 9 (7-10)) in the male group (P=0.003). At the follow-up, the Tegner activity level was 6.2 (+/-3.8) in the female group and 6.8 (+/-3.6) in the male group (P=0.012). At the follow-up, the Tegner activity level had decreased by 1.9 (+/-3.8) for the women and 1.6 (+/-3.3) for the men, as compared with the pre-injury level (n.s.). The difference between the performed and the desired activity level at the follow-up was 1.1 (+/-3.2) in the female group and 0.9 (+/-3.0) in the male group (n.s.). In the female group 53/133 (40%) and in the male group 115/296 (39%) returned to the pre-injury activity level (n.s.). The median one-leg-hop quotient was 93 (0-116)% in the female group and 96 (0-130)% in the male group (P=0.006). Concomitant meniscal injuries prior to the index operation, at the index operation or during the follow-up period were found in 64/133 (48%) women and in 185/ 296 (62%) men (P<0.01). The main conclusion was that the overall results in female and male athletes were comparable two to five years after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, concomitant meniscal injuries were more common in male than females athletes after anterior cruciate ligament injuries.     

Altered Serum Lipoprotein Profiles in Male and Female Power Lifters Ingesting Anabolic Steroids

In brief: Serum lipoprotein profiles were measured in nine male and three female power lifters who were taking anabolic steroids. Male steroid users had higher total serum cholesterol, lower HDL-C, and lower HDL-apoprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels than a weight-trained reference group that did not use steroids. Female steroid users showed similar trends. Mean serum HDL-C and HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio were lower in male steroid users than in a young male South African population at high risk for atherosclerosis. The ratio of HDL3-C to total HDL-C was higher in steroid users than in the reference group. Ratios of apoA-I to apoA-II were similar in the two groups. These unfavorable lipid profiles suggest that male and female steroid users may face an increased risk of coronary artery disease.     

斜坡的磁共振成像测量研究

目的　用MRI测量正常国人和Chiari畸形患者的斜坡长度和倾斜角 ,以探讨其正常值范围及其发育规律。材料与方法　在颅脑正中矢状面SET1WI上测量了 3 17例正常人、2 9例Chiari畸形和 13例可疑患者的斜坡长度和倾斜角。正常人按性别和年龄分为 16组 ,每组 2 0例 ( 70岁以上女性组仅 17例 )。MRI应用 1.0T超导MR系统 ,并以t检验作统计分析。结果　正常斜坡长度和倾斜角随性别、年龄不同而有所差异。男性斜坡长于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且于 2 0岁前随年龄而增长 ,之后基本稳定 ;其倾斜角于 2 0岁前随年龄而增大 ,于 3 0岁前后基本稳定 ,两性差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Chiari畸形及可疑患者斜坡长度短于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其倾斜角也小于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　斜坡长度和倾斜角有一定的正常范围和发育规律 ;斜坡短于 41mm为发育过短 ,倾斜角小于 5 0°为斜坡发育过平。Chiari畸形以小脑扁桃体下端位置低于颅基线 3mm作为诊断标准为宜 ,其常伴斜坡短平。     

中国汉族正常成人垂体的高分辨率MRI研究

目的 研究中国汉族正常成人垂体MRI形态学特征,为建立国人正常标准脑提供垂体形态学数据.方法 采用全国多中心临床研究形式,选取18～70岁978名健康志愿者,并按18～30、31～40、41～50、51～60、61～70岁5个年龄段分为A、B、C、D、E组,行3D磁化强度预备梯度回波序列T1WI,利用3D后处理软件进行MPR,测量垂体体积及各方向径线,以及垂体柄与大脑中线、视交叉及垂体表面夹角.相同性别不同年龄分组的垂体测量值比较采用方差分析,相同组别不同性别垂体测量值的比较采用独立样本t检验分析,垂体分型数据采用x2分析.结果 (1)垂体体积:男性5组垂体体积分别为(1142±290)、(996±223)、(979±178)、(971±174)、(930±189)mm3,女性分别为(1247±210)、(1199±216)、(1108±196)、(1059±212)、(984±177)mm3,在不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为13.811、27.091,P值均<0.01),在男性30岁以后,女性40岁以后垂体体积变小;同年龄组女性垂体体积大于男性(P<0.05);垂体体积与性别、年龄、分型、正中高径、前后径和宽径相关(r=0.646,P<0.01).(2)垂体径线测量统计:垂体正中高径男性各组分别为(6.6±1.5)、(6.0±1.4)、(5.6±1.1)、(5.0±1.2)、(4.9±1.4)mm,女性分别为(7.9±1.6)、(6.4±2.0)、(5.6±1.7)、(5.1±1.7)、(4.4±1.4)姗,不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为24.582、62.978,P值均<0.01),30岁之前女性正中矢状高径大于男性,30岁之后男女垂体正中矢状高径逐渐减小,男性50岁后,女性60岁后降至最低;垂体正中矢状高径与性别、年龄相关(r=0.570,P<0.01).垂体宽径男性各组分别为(14.8±1.8)、(14.7±1.4)、(14.2±1.9)、(14.3±2.1)、(13.8±2.4)mm,女性各组分别为(14.9±1.8)、(15.8±1.7)、(15.5±2.1)、(15.6±2.2)、(14.9±2.1)mm,不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为4.566、4.233,P值均<0.05);垂体宽径与性别、体重、年龄相关(r=0.300,P<0.01).垂体前后径男性各组分别为(11.2±1.2)、(11.8±1.3)、(11.8±1.5)、(12.3±1.8)、(12.2±2.0)mm,女性分别为(11.9±1.3)、(12.5±1.5)、(12.4±1.5)、(12.9±1.6)、(12.7±1.6)mm,不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.270、5.903,P值均<0.01),60岁之前男性垂体前后径小于女性(P<0.05),且随后逐渐减小,女性前后径随年龄逐渐减小;垂体正中矢状前后径与性别、年龄相关(r=0.276,P<0.01).(3)垂体柄夹角统计:冠状面重组上垂体柄与垂体表面、视交叉及脑中线之间并无明显偏移,且男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(4)垂体分型统计:不同性别年龄组间分型差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为44.212、107.518,P值均<0.01).随年龄增加,隆起型逐渐减少,凹陷型逐渐增加.结论 3D高分辨率MRI能够清晰显示垂体形态,结合3D后处理软件能够准确测量垂体体积及各方向径线以及垂体柄的夹角,为建立标准脑提供科学数据.     

HDL-cholesterol related to weight, smoking, and physical fitness in German Air Force pilots

This study was undertaken to find out the importance of HDL-cholesterol in assessing coronary risk in our pilots. We related cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio in blood to the BROCA-Index, smoking, and relative PWC 150 in 589 individuals. We found positive correlations between the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio to the BROCA-Index and to smoking. We did not find any correlation between cholesterol alone and the BROCA-Index or smoking. Moreover, we failed to find any correlations to physical fitness calculated from PWC 150. That may be due to the higher physical fitness standard in our pilots in comparison with the normal population. It is concluded, that a HDL-cholesterol determination is a more relevant parameter than cholesterol alone in borderline and elevated cholesterol levels.