氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗中晚期恶性实体瘤106例临床分析

目的研究氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗中晚期恶性实体瘤的疗效和安全性。方法我院自2001年4月-2003年12月利用氩氦刀为106例失去手术根治时机的恶性实体瘤患者实施冷冻切除术。结果106例患者经氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗后1个月，生活质量有所改善，Karnofsky评分为60～90分，平均70分。CT检查肿瘤出现坏死。术后3个月复查CT肿瘤明显缩小。术中、术后不良反应轻。生存期有所延长。结论氩氦刀靶向冷冻术为不能手术切除的中晚期恶性实体瘤患者提供了一种较好的治疗方法。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性肾肿瘤23例分析

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性肾肿瘤的临床疗效。方法应用氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性。肾肿瘤患者23例。CT引导下经皮肾穿刺9例,后腹腔镜下9例,开放手术5例。结果术后第1、6个月复查CT或MRI,肾肿瘤冷冻区域呈梗死、无信号增强、逐渐消散等演变过程。23例均未见出血、皮肤冻伤、感染、穿刺道种植转移等严重并发症。随访1．5～48个月,平均28．5个月。21例健康存活,未发现远处转移和复发;死亡2例。开放手术治疗者5例,其中左肾平滑肌肉瘤1例于术后1．5个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡;CT引导下治疗患者,1例肿瘤直径为8cm者术后10个月因脑血管意外死亡。结论氩氦刀冷冻治疗恶性肾肿瘤技术可靠、创伤小、安全性高,是治疗孤立肾肾肿瘤或无法手术肾肿瘤的一种有效的新手段,对于小的肾肿瘤采用后腹腔镜下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗是一种值得尝试的新方法。     

CT引导经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺部恶性肿瘤

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺部恶性肿瘤的适应证、疗效及临床价值。方法 2001年5月～2002年1月7例肺部恶性肿瘤在CT引导下行经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗术。术后患者定期复查血清肿瘤标记物、胸片检查及CT或MRI。结果 支气管肺癌1例。肺转移癌6例。治疗后瘤标降至正常或CT、MRI提示病灶完全坏死者3例。结论 氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺部恶性肿瘤是一种微创、安全、疗效可靠的新方法。对于不适宜行手术治疗的肺部恶性肿瘤患者是一种有效的治疗方法。     

氩氦靶向冷冻术在中晚期肝癌综合治疗中的应用

目的 探讨氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法 应用美国恩多凯尔公司生产的氩氦超导手术系统(Endocare Cryocare System,氩氦刀)对80例中晚期肝癌分别采用B超或CT引导经皮穿刺氩氦靶向冷冻切除术，术中直视下B超引导氩氦刀冷冻加手术切除术，氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入栓塞化疗术(TACE)，氩氦刀联合瘤内无水酒精注射术。结果 全组无手术死亡及严重并发症，冷冻术后CT影像学上改变CT值明显降低，肿块逐渐缩小，65．0％病人AFP值显著下降，临床症状改善，损伤小、并发症少、恢复快。结论 氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗肝癌疗效明确，对正常肝组织损伤少，并可产生肿瘤免疫抗体，能弥补单用TACE及瘤内注射无水酒精治疗的不足，具有安全、有效、微创，为目前中晚期肝癌治疗提供一种有效的疗法。     

磁共振成像导航系统引导下氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗18例肾错构瘤

目的探讨磁共振成像导航系统引导下氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗肾错构瘤患者的手术技巧及临床应用价值,提高肾错构瘤的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析18例进行氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗的肾错构瘤患者的临床资料,观察患者的手术出血量、住院时间、并发症及临床疗效。结果所有患者术后均无明显出血,术后平均住院时间2.5d;术后B超、MRI复查肿瘤明显缩小纤维化,部分患者肿瘤吸收消失,无肿瘤局部增大复发。结论磁共振成像导航系统引导下氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗肾错构瘤具有出血少、并发症少、住院时间短、恢复快等优点,能很好地保留正常肾组织、完整破坏错构瘤组织,是一种简捷有效的微创治疗新方法。     

孤立肾肾癌行腹腔镜与开放性肾部分切除术的疗效比较

根治性肾切除术是公认的外科治疗肾癌的金标准，但对于孤立肾肾癌而言，术后患者须进行透析治疗，严重影响患者生活质量，此类患者更适宜行保留肾单位的肾部分切除术，随着腹腔镜技术的逐渐成熟和日益推广，腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗孤立肾肾癌日趋增多，为比较两种术式术后肾功能的恢复情况，作者对1999～2006年期间169例开放性与30例腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者进行比较，随访2年.     

局限性肾癌保留肾单位手术20例分析

目的探讨保留肾单位手术（nephrom-sparing surgery,NSS）治疗局限性肾癌的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析20例行NSS肾癌患者的临床资料,其中双侧肾癌1例,孤立肾肾癌1例,对侧肾有病变或潜在功能损害的肾癌3例,对侧肾正常的肾癌15例。肿瘤直径平均3.9（1.3-7.4）cm。行肿瘤剜除术13例,肾部分切除术4例,肾楔形切除术3例。结果 20例患者手术均成功。术后平均随访29（15-37）个月,1例双侧肾癌患者术后14月出现远处转移死亡,1例术后12个月因局部复发改行根治性肾切除术,2例术后出现暂时性肾功能不全。结论 NSS治疗肾癌安全有效,尤其适用于局限性肾癌患者。     

保存肾单位的肾癌切除术适应证及疗效观察：附17例报告

目的 探讨保存肾单位的肾部切除术适应证,观察其治疗效果。方法 对１９９０～１９９８年施行的保存肾单位的肾癌切除术１７例患者进行回顾性分析,其中１１例作肾肿瘤切除术,６例作肾上极或下极切除术。结果 术后随访１～６．５年,除１年术后５年死于肿瘤转移外,其余均正常,预后满意。结论 对双侧同时发生无症状性肾癌、孤立肾伴肾癌或需靠双侧肾维持功能的肾癌,可考虑行保存肾单位的肾癌切除术;保存肾单位的肾癌切除术效     

TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌临床分析

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效。方法将77例中晚期肝癌随机分为二组：A组37倒,行TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗;B组40例,单纯行TACE术。比较两组患者血清AFP水平以及半年和1年生存率。结果A组AFP下降比B组明显（P〈0．05）,A组患者1年生存率高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻治疗原发性肝癌疗效优于单纯性行TACE治疗,是治疗中晚期肝癌的一种有效方法。     

肾错构瘤出血的介入治疗15例报告

目的探讨肾错构瘤出血介入治疗的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析廊坊市人民医院于1998年5月-2008年12月收治的15例肾错构瘤出血患者临床介入治疗的资料。结果本组15例肾错构瘤出血患者均行选择性肾肿瘤出血栓塞术,其中3例在介入栓塞后行氩氦刀冷冻消融术,所有患者未出现并发症。经6月～5年随访,远期疗效良好。结论治疗肾错构瘤出血病例时,对于瘤体较小、出血量相对较少者,可行介入治疗该方法。在治疗中能很好地保留正常肾组织,是一种简捷有效的微创治疗新方法。     

后腹腔镜肾切除术临床体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术的技术要点及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析30例后腹腔镜肾切除术临床资料,其中肾结石重度肾积水16例,肾萎缩8例,肾癌4例,肾盂癌2例。结果:手术成功率100%,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间90m in,平均出血量60m l,未发生严重并发症。结论:后腹腔镜肾切除术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,可逐步替代传统的肾切除术。     

Late relapse and urothelial carcinoma of residual ureter 16 years after radical nephrectomy: a case report

A 66-year-old male was referred to our hospital for evaluation of tumors in his left residual ureter and the lung. He had a history of left nephrectomy due to "malignant renal tumor", performed by a general surgeon at another hospital 16 years ago. Since a definitive diagnosis of the kidney was uncertain, we speculated that the original renal disease was a renal pelvic cancer and had metastasized in the residual ureter and the lung. We performed systemic chemotherapy followed by resection of residual ureter with bladder cuff Pathological examination revealed urothelial carcinoma. However, the lung tumors did not respond to salvage chemotherapy and slowly progressed. Bronchoscopic biopsy was performed 2 years later and histological finding showed clear cell type renal cell carcinoma.     

von Hippel-Lindau综合征外科治疗

目的 探讨von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)综合征的外科治疗方法.方法 VHL综合征患者4例.例1,男,56岁.主诉乏力、心悸2 d.空腹血糖2.37 mmol/L.CT检查示左肾上、下极3个肿块,直径分别为8.0、7.0、4.0 cm.10年前行脑血管母细胞瘤切除术.例2,女,57岁.主诉左腰痛不适1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺、左肾、胰体肿物,直径分别为2.7、4.5、2.1 cm.例3,女,39岁.查体发现左肾上腺占位1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺3.0 cm×4.0 cm实性占位,增强后肿块明显强化.既往有小脑、脊髓血管母细胞瘤及双侧肾癌手术史.例4,女,41岁.B超发现双肾肿瘤1个月入院.CT检查示左肾、左肾上腺、右肾、胰腺肿物,直径分别为4.0、3.0、1.5、2.0 cm.1个月前行y刀治疗多发脑部肿瘤.结果 4例均手术治疗.例1行左肾根治性切除术,病理报告肾血管周细胞瘤,随访6个月右肾未见异常.例2行左肾、左肾上腺、胰体尾及脾切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘     

Carcinoma of the ureter after long-term use of analgesic [phenacetin derivative]--report of the two cases (spouses)

Two cases (spouses) of carcinoma of the ureter possibly induced by long-term use of analgesic were presented. Case 1: A 66-year-old female with hematuria was diagnosed as a carcinoma of the ureter in January, 1985 and underwent resection of the left kidney and the ureter with partial resection of the urinary bladder. In December, 1988 she died due to recurrent cancer. Case 2: A 70-year-old male (a husband of case 1 patient) with hematuria was diagnosed as a carcinoma of the ureter in August, 1987 and underwent resection of the kidney and the ureter of the left side. In October, 1988 he died due to recurrent cancer. These two patients had used routinely phenacetin because of persistent headache for about 20 and 15 years, respectively and the presumed total dose was amounted to 4 and 2.5 kg, respectively.     

高危肾盂癌患者的简化手术治疗

目的:探讨高危肾盂癌患者的治疗方法。方法:自2009年7月~2012年12月对14例高龄且伴有严重并发症的肾盂癌患者行经腹膜后途径腹腔镜下肾脏+中上段输尿管切除术,术后正规膀胱灌注表柔比星注射液,以预防再发膀胱癌,并定期进行影像学及膀胱镜检查。结果:14例手术全部成功,手术时间63~105min,平均78.3min。术后24~48小时恢复饮食,5~9天出院。术后病理检查2例为鳞状细胞癌,12例为尿路上皮细胞癌;其中2例为浸润性肾盂癌伴肾门处淋巴结转移。术后13例得到随访,1例失访;随访8~36个月,平均21.4个月。1例术后13个月死于肺部转移,2例术后21个月因心肺疾病死亡;2例术后再发膀胱癌,行根治性全膀胱切除。结论:对于高危肾盂癌患者,简化手术,腹腔镜下切除肾脏+中上段输尿管,术后配合正规膀胱灌注化疗是一种有效安全的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌切除术14例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术在结直肠癌切除术中的应用。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌切除术14例的临床资料。结果:本组右半结肠、横结肠、左半结肠以及乙状结肠根治性切除各1例,D ixon术5例,M iles术3例;1例左半结肠癌患者探查见左肾有浸润性转移而中转开腹;1例横结肠癌患者探查见肿瘤腹腔广泛转移而放弃手术;全组无手术死亡。术后1例Dukes D期患者因肿瘤转移死亡,1例Dukes C期患者1年后肠道复发,其余患者未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论:腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术安全可行。     

Renal pelvic carcinoma of horseshoe kidney caused systemic metastasis by implantation in prostate

A case is reported of renal pelvic carcinoma of the horseshoe kidney in a 69-year-old man, which showed an interesting metastatic pattern by implantation in the prostate. A few months after transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostate hyperplasia and extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones, the patient complained of severe back pain due to multiple metastatic bone tumors. Autopsy revealed transitional cell carcinoma in the pelvis as well as in the prostate with remarkable vessel invasion. The clinical course and autopsy findings suggested that the systemic expansion of cancer cells from the renal pelvis was caused not only by direct metastasis but also by implantation in the prostate.     

Long extensive transverse myelitis associated with aquaporin-4 antibody and breast cancer: favorable response to cancer treatment

CONTEXT: Long extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) seldom develops in patients with breast cancer who are aquaporin-4 antibody (Aqp-4 Ab)-positive. Whether this association is coincidental is not well understood. FINDINGS: A 62-year-old woman presented with treatment-resistant LETM and Aqp-4 Ab. Two months later, a stage 3 invasive ductal carcinoma was detected in her right breast. Following tumor resection and chemotherapy, her neurologic symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings significantly improved and serum Aqp-4 Ab disappeared. The breast tumor samples of this patient and neurologically normal patients showed inflammatory infiltrates and Aqp-4 expressing cells. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: The temporal association between tumor treatment, amelioration of clinical findings, and seroreversion suggest that coexistence of cancer and LETM is not coincidental. Cancer screening should be considered at least in treatment-resistant LETM cases.     

Surgical treatment of stage I lung cancer. Results and prognostic factors

BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study were: 1) to study the type and extent of resection in patients with pathological stage I lung cancer; 2) to evaluate the results of surgical treatment; 3) to assess prognostic factors. Setting: a tertiary referral general hospital. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical records of 296 patients operated on for pathologic stage I lung cancer between 1989 and 1998. Mean follow-up period was 33.1+/-28.1 months. Survivals were calculated by the actuarial method and compared by the long-rank test. Age, sex, tumor size, type and extent of resection and histologic type were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analisis. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-five lobectomies, 39 pneumonectomies, 5 segmental resections and 7 wedge resections were performed. Overall actuarial 5- and 10-year survivals were 62 and 49%, respectively. Stage Ia patients showed significantly better 5- and 10-year survivals (76 and 54%, respectively) as compared to Stage Ib patients (57 and 46%, p=0.007). Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in survival according to the age, the sex or the extent of resection. The histological type influenced the outcome (p=0.05): 5-year survival rate were 57, 67, 75% in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma, respectively. At multivariate analysis stage and histology were identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory results in terms of suvival can be achieved following surgery for stage I lung cancer. The T status and the histologic type significantly influence survival.     

Renal cell carcinoma, primary lesion which was not easily identified: report of two cases

We report two cases of renal cell carcinoma, primary lesions of which were not diagnosed at an early stage. The first case was a 58-year-old woman, who had nephrectomy due to staghorn calculus of left kidney. Fifteen months later, she died of metastatic cancer whose origin was unknown until the left kidney was re-examined. It was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. The second case was 43-year-old woman, who had amputation of right index finger due to metastatic tumor. Renal cell carcinoma was highly suspected, but no tumor could be found in her kidneys although various urological examinations were performed. Two years later, abdominal CT scan showed a space-occupying lesion (SOL) of left kidney. She had left nephrectomy, and the origin was finally identified.