胆肠吻合口良性狭窄的切割球囊治疗北大核心CSCD

目的观察切割球囊治疗胆肠吻合口良性狭窄的效果,评价其临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院应用CB治疗胆肠吻合口良性狭窄的12例患者资料。所有患者均因梗阻性黄疸或反复胆道感染行MRI或经皮经肝胆道造影（percutaneoustranshepaticcholangiography,PTC）明确胆肠吻合口狭窄,行切割球囊吻合口成形术;术后胆道造影提示胆道通畅后拔除引流管,并随访1年。结果12例患者均手术成功,黄疸、胆道感染均好转。3例患者出现短期并发症。随访1年内,1例患者肿瘤复发,2例患者出现胆管结石伴胆道感染,经对症处理后好转。结论切割球囊治疗胆肠吻合口狭窄安全、有效、微创。     

胆肠吻合术后良性吻合口狭窄的影像学诊断与介入治疗

目的评价经皮胆管穿刺引流术(PTCD)+球囊扩张术治疗胆肠吻合术后良性吻合口狭窄的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用PTCD+球囊扩张术治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口良性狭窄的患者13例,评估胆管通畅情况、黄疸指数、肝功能及引流管放置时间。结果对所有患者均成功完成PTCD+球囊扩张术,对其中2例植入金属支架;术后未发生再狭窄,吻合口近期、远期均通畅(13/13,100%);术后黄疸指数、肝功能均明显改善;引流管放置时间为7～98天,平均(57.3±29.9)天。胆管出血3例,无严重并发症发生。结论 PTCD+球囊扩张术可有效治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口良性狭窄;应根据具体情况选择不同治疗方式。     

经皮经肝胆管扩张并留置大口径支撑管治疗良性肝外胆道狭窄

目的:评估经皮经肝胆管扩张并留置大口径支撑管治疗良性肝外胆道狭窄的安全性和可靠性。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月至2020年3月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院连续采用经皮经肝胆管扩张并留置大口径支撑管治疗的17例良性肝外胆道狭窄患者的临床资料。结果:17例良性肝外胆道狭窄患者中胆肠吻合口狭窄7例,手术后肝外胆道损伤性狭窄1...     

肝移植术后胆道并发症危险因素和诊治分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后胆道并发症的相关因素及综合诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年10月至2012年3月366例连续术后肝移植患者的临床资料.男性292例,女性72例,年龄18 ～69岁,平均年龄44.5岁.记录患者术后胆道并发症情况.采用单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析术后胆道并发症的危险因素.并发胆漏患者予置管充分引流.吻合口狭窄者经皮经肝胆道造影或经内镜逆行胰胆管造影行球囊成形术,必要时放置胆道支架;非吻合口狭窄者行经皮经肝胆道造影联合胆道镜治疗.结果 术后随访10 ～ 129个月,平均58.5个月,366例原位肝移植患者术后发生胆道并发症42例(11.5％).单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析结果示,第2次热缺血时间(门静脉血流复通到肝动脉血流复通的时间)、术中出血量和胆道吻合口直径与肝移植术后胆道并发症的发生相关(Wald=9.474～ 17.208,P＜0.05).12例胆漏患者通过腹腔引流、鼻胆管引流治愈;22例吻合口狭窄患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影或经皮经肝胆道造影球囊成形术治愈,其中6例放置了胆道支架;8例非吻合口狭窄患者中,6例经皮经肝胆道造影联合胆道镜治疗后痊愈,1例接受二次肝移植后痊愈,1例恢复不良.结论 第2次热缺血时间、术中出血量和吻合口大小是肝移植术后胆道并发症的危险因素.肝移植术后胆管非弥漫性狭窄及胆漏的微创治疗安全、有效.     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄再次手术分析

目的分析先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄的原因。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年6月湖南省人民医院肝胆外科收治的先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄的28例患者的临床及随访资料。该组患者吻合口狭窄距上次手术0.2～25年, 平均15年。结果 26例为良性狭窄, 2例癌变。26例重新行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合, 其中合并肝叶切除8例。2例因吻合口癌变仅行胆道外引流术。无住院死亡, 无严重并发症。术后随访时间6～67个月, 2例肿瘤患者于半年内死亡, 其余患者均未发生远期并发症。结论胆肠吻合口狭窄是先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后远期严重的并发症之一, 宽敞、无张力的胆肠吻合可能有助于减少远期吻合口狭窄。     

胆肠吻合口狭窄再次手术的处理

目的 探讨胆肠吻合口狭窄再次手术的处理方式及预防要点。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年3月无锡市第二人民医院实施再次手术治疗的13例胆肠吻合口狭窄患者的病例资料。13例中12例有胆管结石伴胆管炎发作病史,另1例为腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术后早期梗阻性黄疸。其中8例行开腹胆肠吻合口重建,2例行ERCP下胆肠吻合口扩张术,2例行腹腔镜下胆肠吻合口重建,1例行PTCD下胆道扩张治疗。结果 本组患者经过治疗后黄疸、腹痛、胆道感染等症状均得到缓解,术后恢复良好并顺利出院。13例患者术后随访至2022年10月,其中12例患者术后无胆管炎及肝内胆管结石复发,1例合并胆管腺癌患者术后6个月因肿瘤进展死亡。结论 胆管结石复发是胆肠吻合口狭窄的最常见原因。胆肠吻合口拆除重建、经皮经肝胆管介入治疗和经内镜行ERCP治疗都是治疗胆肠吻合口狭窄的重要手术方式。初次手术实施规范化胆肠吻合术的是预防狭窄的重点。一旦出现胆肠吻合口狭窄,需要制定个体化的治疗方案。     

空肠肠袢固定在胆肠吻合术治疗肝胆管结石病中的应用

目的:探讨胆肠吻合术治疗肝胆管结石病同时行空肠肠袢固定的治疗效果及意义。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年1月治疗的16例肝胆管结石病患者,其中9例为胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄合并肝内胆管结石,7例为既往未行胆肠吻合,因合并肝门部胆管狭窄初次行胆肠吻合患者。全部病例均行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合加空肠肠袢固定,原胆肠吻合口狭窄者行重新吻合。全部经固定肠壁处留置T管。结果:胆肠吻合口狭窄患者中行盲袢固定2例,侧壁固定7例;未行胆肠吻合者行盲袢固定6例,侧壁固定1例。共4例发生术后并发症,其中胆瘘2例,切口感染1例,腹腔出血1例,均经保守治疗后治愈,无围手术期死亡。术后随访1例发生吻合口狭窄伴结石,行局麻下空肠穿刺窦道扩张,胆道镜下扩张取石后治愈。结论:肝胆管结石病行胆肠吻合术应慎重,对于结石复发几率较高的病例,术中应尽量固定并标记空肠肠袢,一旦术后胆肠吻合口狭窄或结石复发,可以穿刺固定肠袢行胆道镜治疗,避免再次开腹手术。     

胆道损伤行胆肠内引流术术后吻合口狭窄的原因和处理

胆道损伤发生后,胆肠内引流术是常用的修复术式.但是,有部分患者在术后又发生吻合口狭窄,需再次进行手术治疗.此类患者的处理较为棘手,是胆道外科的难点之一.从1990年1月至2010年10月,我科收治因胆道损伤行胆肠内引流术术后吻合口狭窄患者54例,均施行了采用胆管空肠端-侧吻合的肝胆管盆式胆肠Roux-en-Y内引流术[1],取得了较好的疗效.本文对发生吻合口狭窄的原因和处理方法进行分析.     

胆肠吻合术后肝内胆管结石、狭窄的防治

目的 探索利用胆道镜技术解决胆肠吻合治疗术后肝内胆管狭窄、结石复发的策略,探讨胆肠吻合术、胆肠吻合输出肠袢防胆肠返流人工瓣膜的可行性和有效性。方法 总结行胆肠Roux—en—Y吻合术的47例肝胆管结石患者的资料,患者全部采取输出肠袢人工防返流瓣。其中19例在空肠输入出袢处放置银夹标志。术后观察胆肠返流、复发、吻合口狭窄及其处理情况。结果 术后32例发生胆肠返流（32／47,68．1％）,说明Roux—en—Y吻合术式中的人工瓣并没有很好的防返流作用;2例肝内胆管结石患者术后复发通过金属标记物穿刺置管建立窦道,避免了再手术。6例胆肠吻合术后胆肠吻合口狭窄,5例通过经皮经肝胆道镜（PTCS）进行取石和吻合口狭窄扩张处理获得成功,1例死亡。结论 胆肠吻合术的银夹标志应用为胆道镜的治疗提供了简捷进入胆道内的路径,使复发的狭窄、结石治疗简捷化和安全化,充分发挥了胆道镜技术治疗肝胆管狭窄及残余结石的作用;PTCS微创、安全、有效,值得临床应用。     

肝移植术后胆道非吻合口狭窄的诊断及治疗

目的:探讨肝移植术后胆道非吻合口狭窄的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾分析肝移植术后发生胆道非吻合口狭窄患者的资料,对比非吻合口狭窄的诊断和治疗方法,探讨诊疗的最佳方法。结果:肝移植术后非吻合口狭窄主要表现为胆红素、谷氨酰转肽酶升高及反复发作的胆系感染,与对照组(肝移植术后无胆道狭窄的患者)差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。患者通过MRCP、CT及ERCP能明确诊断,通过内镜下胆道支架植入术、内镜下球囊扩张、经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)能起到治疗目的,提高患者生存质量。结论:胆道非吻合口狭窄为肝移植术后常见并发症,诊断明确后可采用内镜下胆道支架植入术、内镜下球囊扩张、PTCD等手段治疗。     

Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation of benign bilioenteric strictures: long-term results in 110 patients

BackgroundPercutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation is an alternative to surgery when benign bilioenteric strictures (BBES) are inaccessible to endoscopic treatment. Our primary objective was to report long-term patency of balloon-dilated BBES.MethodsA total of 110 consecutive patients with 155 BBES had percutaneous transhepatic complete drainage of all biliary territories, balloon dilatation, and catheter stenting. Intracorporeal electrohydraulic lithotripsy treated associated biliary stones. Biliary drains were removed when no residual balloon waists were observed on at least 2 consecutive sessions, 6 weeks apart.ResultsA total of 109 of 110 patients had complete drainage. Forty-five patients had successfully treated associated stones. Eleven patients had short-term complications. No patients died. The median follow-up period was 59 months (range, .5–278 mo). Twenty-three patients were lost to follow-up evaluation. Thirteen patients had recurrent biliary obstruction (15%). Life-table analysis showed 90.9% bilioenteric patency after 2,697 days.ConclusionsPercutaneous balloon dilatation and calibration of BBES provides acceptable morbidity and low long-term stricture recurrence.     

Rendezvous Technique Using Double Balloon Endoscope for Removal of Multiple Intrahepatic Bile Duct Stones in Hepaticojejunostomy After Living Donor Liver Transplant: A Case Report

Cholangitis is a major complication following transplantation. We report a living donor liver transplant (LDLT) patient with cholangitis due to multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile duct during hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis, who was successfully treated with the rendezvous technique using double balloon endoscope. A 64-year-old woman underwent LDLT with right lobe graft and hepaticojejunostomy for Wilson disease. There was bile leakage with biliary peritonitis, which was treated conservatively after transplant. Two years after surgery, she developed reiterated cholangitis due to stenosis of hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis and multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed. The size of the drainage tube was increased, and the anastomotic area was dilated in a stepwise manner using a balloon catheter. The stones were crushed and lithotomy was performed using electronic hydraulic lithotripsy through cholangioscopy. Finally, lithotomy was performed for the remaining stones through endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with the rendezvous technique using the double balloon endoscope.Rendezvous approach with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and double balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was an effective treatment for the multiple intrahepatic stones in hepaticojejunostomy following LDLT with right lobe graft.     

A case of successful enteroscopic balloon dilation for late anastomotic stricture of choledochojejunostomy after living donor liver transplantation.

Biliary complications remain a major concern after living donor liver transplantation. We describe a pediatric case who underwent a successful endoscopic balloon dilatation of biliary-enteric stricture following living donor liver transplantation using a newly developed method of enteroscopy. The 7-year-old boy with late biliary stricture of choledochojejunostomy was admitted 6 years after transplantation. Since percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was technically difficult in this case, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed using a double-balloon enteroscope under general anesthesia. The enteroscope was advanced retrograde through the duodenum, jejunum, and the leg of Roux-Y by the double-balloon method, and anastomotic stricture of choledochojejunostomy was clearly confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic direct vision. Balloon dilatation was performed and the anastomosis was expanded. Restenosis was not noted as of 2 years after the treatment. In conclusion, endoscopic balloon dilation of biliary-enteric anastomotic stricture using a new enteroscopic method can be regarded as an alternative choice to percutaneous transhepatic management and surgical re-anatomists.     

Management of bile duct strictures. An evolving strategy.

In an effort to determine the role of interventional radiologic and endoscopic techniques in the management of benign biliary strictures, a retrospective analysis was carried out on 194 consecutive patients with bile duct strictures treated at UCLA between 1955 and 1990. Patients were classified as group 1 (1955 through 1979; n = 138) or group 2 (1980 through 1989; n = 56). Follow-up was for a minimum of 24 months and was in excess of 3 years in 179 patients (92%). Although the incidence of recurrent strictures was similar in the two groups (21% and 23%), the reoperation rate was significantly lower (P less than .02) in group 2 (6%) than in group 1 (21%). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary dilatation, used in 20 patients in group 2, was successful in 13 (93%) of 14 patients with anastomotic strictures and three (50%) of six patients with primary strictures (P less than .05). We conclude that surgical reconstruction remains the standard therapy for patients with primary bile duct strictures. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary dilatation has limited usefulness for these patients, but may be more appropriate for those with anastomotic strictures.     

经皮肝穿刺胆道引流介入治疗肝移植术后胆道狭窄30例

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道引流介入治疗原位肝移植术后胆道狭窄的可行性及其效果.方法 对292例原位肝移植术后出现胆道狭窄的30例患者分别行胆道球囊扩张术、胆道引流术和胆道支架置入术.结果 3例胆道狭窄合并胆瘘患者和3例单纯吻合口狭窄患者,经气囊扩张术和胆道引流后痊愈.8例肝内外胆管多发狭窄患者,经气囊反复扩张胆道狭窄段后,7例狭窄纠正而获得痊愈;1例经气囊扩张治疗后出现肝内血肿,再次行肝移植.14例肝内外胆管多发狭窄合并胆泥的患者,经反复球囊导管扩张后,12例狭窄明显减轻,黄疸缓解;1例置入胆道支架,后因大量胆泥造成支架阻塞而再次行肝移植;1例治疗后狭窄仍存在,黄疸无缓解而再次行肝移植.2例T型管引流口段狭窄行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后,狭窄明显减轻,黄疸缓解.结论 经皮肝穿刺胆道引流介入是治疗原位肝移植术后胆道狭窄的良好方法.     

Biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation: long-term results of percutaneous treatment in patients with nonfeasible endoscopic therapy

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with percutaneous treatment of biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation in adult patients without the endoscopic access possibility and to evaluate the technical outcomes and long-term clinical results of this treatment.

Materials and methods

Thirty percutaneous procedures were performed in adult liver transplant recipients (13 men, 17 women, mean age 46.4 years) in our institution between 1996 and 2010. Patients were treated with balloon dilatation and biliary duct drainage due to anastomotic stenosis (n = 20), nonanastomotic stenosis (n = 7), or due to stenosis caused by lymphoproliferation (n = 3). The percutaneous procedure was the first line of treatment due to hepaticojejunoanastomosis (n = 18) or after unsuccessful endoscopic therapy (n = 12).

Results

Technical success was achieved in 27 patients (90%). The remaining three patients only achieved external drainage with subsequent surgery. There were two complications (6.3%). Long-term clinical success, defined as the absence of clinical, laboratory, or sonographic signs of stricture recurrence was achieved in 22 patients (73.3%) for a mean follow-up of 5.8 years.

Conclusion

Percutaneous treatment—balloon dilatation and biliary duct drainage—is a first-line option to manage biliary duct strictures in liver recipient, when endoscopic treatment is not possible or unsuccessful. It has a high technical success rate and low complication rate with favorable long-term results.     

经皮经肝胆道镜治疗医源性胆管损伤后再狭窄

目的探讨医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄的原因和治疗方法。方法对我院1998年1月～2005年1月12例（开腹胆囊切除术5例，腹腔镜胆囊切除术7例）医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄，建立经皮经肝通道，采用胆道镜取石、球囊扩张、支架管置入支撑扩张狭窄段胆管。结果8例用F20 Gruntzig型球囊导管扩张狭窄段胆管，2次即可放入6～8mm塑料支架引流管；4例球囊扩张3次后置入。塑料支架引流管置管6～12个月。12例随访2～3年，平均2．6年，无腹痛、发热、黄疸再次发作，B超、MRCP检查胆管无狭窄及再发结石。结论胆道镜取石、球囊扩张支架管置入治疗医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄创伤小，安全可行，效果良好。     

Intervention radiologic treatments of the bile ducts as an alternative to reoperation

Balloon dilatation and diathermic cutting of the papilla of Vater through a T-drainage tube or a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage catheter were performed in 12 patients with jaundice, cholangitis, or acute pancreatitis due to retained common duct stones or benign papillary stenosis. Both methods are an alternative to reoperation and, in addition, there is a minor risk.     

Percutaneous management of bile duct strictures and injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a decade of experience

BACKGROUND: The 1990s were associated with a dramatic increase in bile duct injuries with the widespread use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Interventional radiology has an integral role in diagnosing and managing these injuries. Definitive percutaneous management with balloon dilatation might be possible in select patients with intact biliary-enteric continuity, but longterm data are limited. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected prospectively on 51 consecutive patients with major bile duct stricture or injury associated with LC, treated with percutaneous management, January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1999. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary catheter placement were followed by balloon dilatation and stenting. Outcomes were assessed with direct patient contact or hospital records. RESULTS: All patients completed treatment, and 50 (98%) were stent free at mean followup of 76 months. The success rate of percutaneous management was 58.8%, without need for subsequent intervention. Presenting symptoms, level of injury, and number of stents or dilatations did not predict outcomes. Percutaneous treatment was more likely to fail in patients stented for less than 4 months (p < 0.001). Operative repair at Hopkins before percutaneous management was predictive of a successful outcome (p < 0.05). Including subsequent operations or percutaneous management, successful outcomes were achieved in 98% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Major bile duct injuries after LC remain a clinical challenge. Although surgical reconstruction is the treatment cornerstone, selected patients with biliary-enteric continuity can achieve successful long-term results with definitive percutaneous management. The combination of percutaneous management and surgical reconstruction results in successful outcomes in virtually all patients.