儿童紫癜性肾炎血清、尿液VCAM-1水平及临床意义

目的：探讨紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）患儿的血清、尿液可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）水平变化及临床意义。方法：过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿50例,按有无肾脏累及分为HSPN组（30例）和HSP无肾受累（NO—HSPN）组（20例）;正常对照组20例。应用ELISA法检测各组血清、尿液sVCAM-1水平,进行比较,并分析其与主要临床指标（包括24h尿蛋白、尿红细胞）的关系。结果：HSPN组和NO-HSPN组的血清sVCAM-1水平[分别为（809．79±173．32）ng／ml、（623．44±67．27）ng／ml]均高于对照组（494．79±59．84）ng／ml,P〈0．01,HSPN组的血清sVCAM-1水平高于NO—HSPN组（P〈0．01）。HSPN组的尿液sVCAM-1水平（121．24±110．83）ng／ml高于对照纽（20．61±16．76）ng／ml和NO—HSPN组（19．37±12．93）ng／ml,P均〈0．01,NO—HSPN组的尿液sVCAM-1水平与对照组比较,无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。HSPN患儿中,蛋白尿组高于无蛋白尿组（P均〈0．01）,肾病蛋白尿组高于蛋白尿组（P均〈0．05）和无蛋白尿组（P均〈0．01）;肉眼血尿组的血清sVCAM-1水平高于无血尿组,与镜下血尿组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;镜下血尿组的血清sVCAM-1浓度高于无血尿组（P〈0．01）;镜下血尿组和肉眼血尿组的尿液sVCAM-1水平明显高于无血尿组（P均〈0．05）,镜下血尿组和肉眼血尿组之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。HSPN患儿的血清和尿液sVCAM-1水平均与24h尿蛋白量和尿红细胞量呈显著性正相关（P均〈0．01）。结论：VCAM-1可能参与了HSPN的发生、发展过程;尿液sVCAM-1的检测在监测肾脏损害方面具有较好的临床实用价值。     

半胱氨酸白三烯与儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎发病及病理的相关性

目的：探讨半胱氨酸白三烯（cysteinyl leukotrienes, CysLT）在过敏性紫癜肾炎（henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis, HSPN）发生及发展中的作用，为临床使用非创伤性方法及指标来判断HsPN病情提供科学依据。方法：收集HSPN组患儿34例（18例进行肾穿刺活检术），HSP组患儿27例，健康对照组儿童16例。采用酶免疫分析（EIA）法检测各组尿液LTE4水平；间接免疫荧光法检测18例进行肾穿刺活检术HsPN患儿肾组织中LTC4合酶表达，以3例薄基底膜病、4例临床诊断单纯性血尿（光镜和电镜基本正常）活检标本作对照组；检测HSPN患儿24h尿蛋白。结果：（1）HSPN组尿液LTFA水平（1252．31±25I．62）pg／ml高于HSP组（805．93±185．52）pg／ml及对照组（149．51±33．66）pg／ml，P均〈0．01。（2）HSPN组尿液LTFA水平随HSPN病理分级加重，有升高趋势。（3）HsPN尿液LTFA表达水平随尿蛋白水平的增加逐渐增加（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。（4）HSPN各组肾活检组织LTC4合酶荧光强度与对照组相比均增强。结论：半胱氨酸白三烯参与并促进了儿童HSPN的发生发展，其在肾脏表达水平与尿蛋白排泄及HSPN病理分级存在相关。     

尿巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与IgA肾病的相关性

目的：探讨尿巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）水平与IgA肾病（IgAN）患者病情进展之间的关系。方法：用酶免疫方法（EIA）测定35例IgAN患者尿MIF浓度,并与肾脏病理分级、24h尿蛋白（TUP）、内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）、血尿等进行分组分析,以10例健康体检者作对照组。结果：IgAN患者尿MIF浓度较健康人明显增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且随着病理分级增加而逐渐增高,各组间差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）,尿MIF水平与24h蛋白尿水平显著相关（r=0．787,P〈0．01）,与Ccr、血尿无显著相关;随着病情控制,治疗后尿MIF较治疗前显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：IgAN尿MIF浓度明显增高,与病情严重程度相关,对于患者病情的判断有一定价值。     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在狼疮肾炎患者血清和尿液中的表达

目的探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）在狼疮。肾炎（LN）发病过程中的分子生物学机制及其在疾病进展中的作用。方法选择我院LN患者30例，用酶联免疫吸附方法测定LN患者血清和尿液MIF浓度，并将血清和尿液MIF浓度与狼疮活动指数、24h尿蛋白定量、血尿和肌酐清除率（Ccr）进行相关性分析，以20名健康体检者作对照组。结果LN患者血清和尿液MIF浓度均高于对照组（P〈（）．01）；活动期LN患者治疗后尿液MIF浓度较治疗前降低（P％0．（）1），而血清MIF浓度治疗前、后无统计学差异（P〉0．05），活动期较静止期LN患者血清和尿液MIF浓度升高（P〈0．01），LN患者血清和尿液MIF浓度与狼疮活动指数呈正相关（r分别为0．598和0．641，P〈0．01）；LN患者血清和尿液MIF浓度均与24h蛋白尿定量呈显著正相关（r分别为0．524和0．749，P〈0．01），与血尿和Ccr均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论LN患者尿液MIF浓度明显升高，与病情活动程度相关，对于判断患者病情的活动有一定价值。     

尿中基质金属蛋白酶-9及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1在慢性肾脏病中的临床意义

目的：探讨尿液中基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP -9）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（TIMP -1）水平及其与尿蛋白、肾功能的关系。方法：将69例慢性肾脏病（CKD）分为小量蛋白尿（〈1．0 g/24 h）、中等量蛋白尿（〉1．0 g,〈3．5 g/24 h）、大量蛋白尿组（≥3．5 g/24 h）;20例健康体检者作为对照组者。用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA 法）测定尿液中 MMP -9和 TIMP -1的水平,同时测定血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）,分析它们之间的关系。结果：（1）CKD 各组尿 MMP -9及 TIMP -1水平均显著高于健康对照组（均 P 〈0．01）,3组间 MMP -9差异无统计学意义（P 〉0．05）;大量蛋白尿组 TIMP -1显著高于中、小蛋白量组（P 〈0．01）,但中、小蛋白尿组之间差异无统计学意义（P 〉0．05）。（2）大、中量蛋白尿组血 BUN、Scr 均显著高于小量蛋白尿组（P 〈0．01）。（3）尿 TIMP -1与尿蛋白（r =0．412,P 〈0．01）及 Scr（r =0．263,P 〈0．05）均呈正相关。尿 MMP -9与尿蛋白、Scr 均无相关性（均 P 〉0．05）。结论：CKD 时肾内促进 ECM 降解和抑制降解酶均增高,但抑制降解作用大于促进降解作用。尿中 TIMP -1明显增高且与尿蛋白量、Scr 均成正相关,故尿中 TIMP -1可以间接反映 ECM 聚积和纤维化。     

血清P-选择素与儿童过敏性紫癜的相关性研究

目的：探讨黏附分子P-选择素在儿童过敏性紫癜（HSP）及紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）血清中表达水平及临床意义。方法：采用ABC-ELISA法以35例健康儿童为正常对照组,检测了56例初发过敏性紫癜患儿急性期和恢复期血清P-选择素表达水平,同时检测患儿尿微量白蛋白（mAlb）。以尿常规检查结果将患儿分为HSPN组（24例）和HSP组（32例）,比较不同组及不同病期血清P-选择素表达水平的差异。结果：急性期HSP及HSPN组患儿血清P-选择素表达水平均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;HSPN组较HSP组血清P-选择素表达水平高（P〈0．05）;恢复期血清P-选择素表达水平较急性期降低（P〈0．05）,较正常对照略高（P〈0．05）;急性期患儿血清P-选择素与尿微量白蛋白表达水平呈明显正相关（r=0．622,P〈0．01）。结论：HSP患儿血清P-选择素异常表达与过敏性紫癜发病发展有关,对于紫癜性肾炎的早期诊断及HSP病情变化监测具有一定的参考价值。     

人工虫草菌丝粉防治慢性马兜铃酸肾病的研究

目的探讨人工虫草菌丝粉对慢性马兜铃酸肾病的防治作用。方法将40只大鼠随机分为4组：正常组、木通组（关木通煎剂10g·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃）、治疗组（关木通煎剂10g·kg^-1·d^-1与人工虫草菌丝粉混悬液5g·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃）、马兜铃酸（AA）组（皮下注射AA10mg·kg^-1·d^-1）各10只，给药8w。结果8w后木通组、治疗组、AA组与正常组相比，24h尿蛋白定量、尿NAG酶、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）增加（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。治疗组与木通组相比，24h尿蛋白定量及尿β2-MG定量无统计学差别（P〉0．05），治疗组尿NAG酶明显低于木通组（P〈0．01）。3组肾小管间质病理积分显著高于正常组（P〈0．01），治疗组与木通组积分无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。3组转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1），金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（TIMP-1），基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）表达较正常组明显上调（P〈0．01）。治疗组TGF-β1，TIMP-1表达较木通组下调（P〈0．05），MMP-9表达较木通组上调（P〈0．01）。结论人工虫草菌丝粉可降低尿NAG酶和TGF-β1，TIMP-1的表达，但其缓解慢性马兜铃酸肾病所引起的肾损害的作用还未全部达到统计学意义。     

左肾静脉压迫综合征伴蛋白尿患者肾脏病理分析

目的通过对23例左肾静脉压迫综合征伴蛋白尿患者肾脏病理及尿相关指标进行分析,以了解该类患者肾脏病理与临床指标的关系。方法将23例确诊为左肾静脉压迫综合征且伴有蛋白尿的患者,均行右侧肾脏活组织病理检查,所有病例肾脏体积大小正常,血肌酐〈132umol／L。同时留尿检测视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、H2微球蛋白（132-MG）、蛋白肌酐比值（PCR）、白蛋白肌酐比值（ACR）、乙酰pD氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、尿渗透压（尿渗量）、尿蛋白电泳（UPEP）、可滴定酸（TA）、铵（NH4＋）检测,对照组做相同指标检测。结果①肾活组织病理检查：23例患者中,合并不同程度的系膜增生者15例（占65．2％）,其中10例伴有IgA沉积（Lee分级Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级3例）,5例系膜增殖性肾炎;8例光镜下肾小球无异常改变,均有间质、小管、血管轻微病变,炎细胞浸润较少见。②PCR、ACR病理异常组较病理正常组及对照组高（P〈0．05）,病理正常组较对照组有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;12例PCR〉1000mg／g的患者中,11例肾脏病理有异常;11例PCR〈1000mg／g的患者中,仅4例肾脏病理异常,且病变较轻,2组比较有统计学差异（P〈（）．05）。③尿蛋白电泳：病理异常组〈33KDA／70KDA、160KDA／70KDA、〉160KDA／70KDA比值均较病理正常组及对照组高（P〈0．05）;病理正常组〈33KDA／70KDA、160KDA／70KDA比值均较对照组为高,〉160KDA／70KDA比值无表达。④尿NAG、RBP、H2一MG肾脏病理异常组和肾脏病理正常组均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,肾脏病理异常组和肾脏病理正常组比较无统计学差异（P〉O．05）;TA、NH4＋、渗透压三组比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论左肾静脉压迫综合征患者伴蛋白尿患者中,有65．2％患者合并肾脏病理异常,均存在肾小管损伤,以近端。肾小管为主,病理异常者较重;尿蛋白肌酐比值〉1000mg／g和（或）大分子量蛋白尿的存在可作为左。肾静脉压迫综合征合并肾脏病的指标。     

IgA肾病肾病综合征临床病理特点及肾脏病理危险因素

目的：探讨IgA肾病肾病综合征患者临床病理特点及肾脏病理损害的危险因素。方法：选择1987年～2006年经肾活检确诊IgA肾病并表现为肾病综合征的患者118例，分析其临床病理特点，按肾脏病变轻重分为A组（n=34，包括Lee氏分级Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级）、B组（n=84，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级），比较两组临床指标，并多因素分析影响肾脏病理损害的危险因素。结果：A、B两组高血压分别占11．8％ vs 63．1％；肾衰竭分别占15％ vs 41．7％；A、B两组尿蛋白≥6g／24h者分别占58．8％ vs 32．1％；尿红细胞满视野分别为14．7％ vs 50％。A组高血压、肾衰竭、镜下尿红细胞满视野发生率显著低于B组（P〈0．01），尿蛋白≥6g／24h发生率显著高于B组（P〈0．01）。A组平均动脉压、血肌酐明显低于B组（P〈0．01）；而尿蛋白定量、血红蛋白显著高于B组（P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示IgA肾病肾病综合征患者肾脏病理损害重的危险因素有平均动脉压、尿蛋白〈6g／24h、镜下尿RBC〉5．0×10^7／L（0R值分别为1．048，3．227，6．578；P值分别为0．034，0．047，0．002），血红蛋白是保护性因素（OR=0.723，P=0．035）。随着平均动脉压的升高、血红蛋白的降低、镜下尿红细胞数的增多，肾脏病理损害程度加重（P〈0．01）。结论：IgA肾病肾病综合征患者临床、病理表现存在差异，高血压、血红蛋白水平、24h尿蛋白排泄量、镜下尿红细胞程度有助于判断肾脏病理损害轻重。     

来氟米特治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的临床研究

目的 前瞻性观察来氟米特治疗不同病理类型的过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）的临床疗效。方法 将60例HSPN患者随机分为两组,治疗组每日给予来氟米特50mg,3d后改为20mg,完全缓解后减量至10mg,维持3个月;对照组给予传统的激素和抗过敏治疗（泼尼松每日30-50mg,尿蛋白完全消失后2周起逐渐减量至最小维持量）。两组均可加护肾、抗凝、降血压等药物治疗,3个月后分析结果。结果 治疗组24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞数明显减少,血浆白蛋白含量明显升高,与对照组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,血肌酐浓度则无明显改变（P〉0．05）。治疗组完全缓解率为73．3％,明显高于对照组的46．7%／6（P〈0．05）,副作用较少。结论 来氟米特治疗HSPN近期治愈率高,安全性好;远期疗效及安全性有待进一步探讨。     

Urine macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations as a diagnostic tool in human renal allograft rejection.

BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is a potent activator of macrophages and T cells. Previous studies have shown that local MIF production is increased in acute renal allograft rejection, suggesting that it may play an important role in the rejection process. AIMS: To determine if urine and serum MIF concentrations: (1) are increased in acute rejection, and (2) can be used as noninvasive tools to discriminate between acute rejection (AR) and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (CyA toxicity). METHODS: In a prospective study of nine renal allograft patients (five acute rejection and four stable), serial urine MIF concentrations were measured by ELISA in the first 14 days after transplantation. In a retrospective study, MIF concentrations in urine and serum were measured in 24 patients who were biopsied for acute renal transplant dysfunction (11 AR, 13 CyA toxicity). Urine and serum MIF were also measured in 23 stable renal transplant patients and 10 normals. RESULTS: MIF was readily detected in the urine of normal healthy controls (106+/-61 pg/micromol creatinine). In the prospective study, the urinary MIF concentration was increased substantially on day 1 posttransplantation and subsequently fell in parallel with the serum creatinine. However, urine MIF increased before episodes of biopsy proven acute rejection. The retrospective study showed that urine MIF concentrations in patients with AR were increased 5-fold compared to normal controls (439+/-313 pg/micromol Cr; P<0.01). In contrast, urine MIF concentrations in CyA toxicity were not significantly different to normal controls (145+/-119 pg/micromol Cr; P=NS). A marked increase in MIF immunostaining was seen in biopsies of AR, but not in CyA toxicity. No significant differences were evident in serum MIF levels between normals and any transplant patient group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that measurement of urine MIF concentration may be useful in monitoring renal transplant patients for acute rejection and as a discriminator from cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.     

Urinary macrophage migration inhibitory factor in children with urinary tract infection

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an essential pathophysiological role in inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of urine MIF (uMIF) level in predicting urinary tract infections (UTI). This multicenter, prospective study was conducted over a 1-year period between March 2008 and March 2009. Sixty patients with symptomatic culture-proven UTI and 29 healthy children were recruited. Urine MIF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean MIF level was found to be significantly higher in the UTI group than in the control group (1082.82 vs. 211.45 pg/ml, p?=?0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off uMIF level was 295 pg/ml for uMIF to predict UTI. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off level were 91.7% and 69%, respectively. Mean uMIF/creatinine (Cr) was also significantly higher in the UTI group than in the control group (2400.69 vs. 267.56 pg/mgCr, p?=?0.0001). At a cut-off of 815 pg/mgCr for uMIF/Cr, the sensitivity and specificity were 95 and 79%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.848 (standard error 0.040, 95% confidence interval 0.756–0.915) for uMIF and 0.889 (0.034, 0.805–0.946) for uMIF/Cr. Urine MIF/Cr was significantly higher in the patients with a positive leukocyte esterase reaction in the urine (p?=?0.047), leukocytosis (p?=?0.0001) and positive C-reactive protein level in serum (p?=?0.003). The uMIF level was not related to leukocytosis, positive CRP level in serum and leukocyte esterase reaction in the urine. Neither uMIF nor uMIF/Cr were correlated to the positive urine nitrite test, pyuria, urine pH and specific gravity (p?>?0.05). These results suggest that urine MIF and uMIF/Cr can be used for the early prediction of UTI in children.     

Urine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in children with urinary tract infection: a possible predictor of acute pyelonephritis

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed at sites of inflammation. We have assessed this factor (MIF) in urinary tract infections with the aim of determining a non-invasive and sensitive method to differentiate upper and lower renal involvement. Thirty-three pediatric patients with urinary track infection (25 with acute pyelonephritis, eight with acute cystitis) and 40 healthy subjects were recruited for this prospective case-control study. Pyelonephritis was differentiated from cystitis by dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan. Urinary MIF concentration was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The urine MIF/creatinine (Cr) ratio was significantly higher in pyelonephritis patients than in those with acute cystitis and the control group (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-point of 4.90 pg/micromol Cr for the urine MIF/Cr ratio has the potential to be a biomarker for distinguishing patients with acute pyelonephritis from those with acute cystitis. Determination of the urinary MIF was also useful in selecting the patients at risk of permanent renal damage. Of those patients with pyelonephritis, based on the DMSA scan at the time of infection, scarring on follow-up DMSA scan 9-12 months later occurred in patients with the highest urinary MIF/Cr ratios. We conclude that the urine MIF/Cr ratio is a sensitive test for differentiating acute pyelonephritis from acute cystitis and also for detecting children with acute pyelonephritis who are at a higher risk for permanent renal scars in the future.     

Cut‐off values for serum matrix metalloproteinase‐9: Is there a threshold to predict renal involvement for Henoch–Schonlein purpura in children?

Aim: To clarify whether the level of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) or the ratio of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 was associated with the renal involvement in Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP); and to explore whether there existed early diagnostic measure for HSP nephritis (HSPN). Methods: Sixty‐six patients with HSPN, 68 patients with HSP and 60 healthy children (control group) were enrolled into our study. Serum and urine samples before treatment were collected for detection. Results: Compared with the HSP group and control group, serum MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and ratio of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 in the HSPN group were significantly higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Urine MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and ratio of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 in the HSPN group were obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05) and the HSP group (P < 0.05). Receiver–operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) and the AUC and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of serum MMP‐9 were 0.97 and 0.95–0.99, respectively. The optimal cut‐off point (sensitivity; specificity) of serum MMP‐9 for diagnosing HSPN was 179.79 mg/L (0.96; 0.88). Conclusion: Levels of MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and ratio of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 in serum and urine were remarkably high in the patients with HSPN, but the serum MMP‐9 was more sensitive. Serum MMP‐9 may be associated with the occurrence and development of renal involvement in HSPN and become an important indicator for early diagnosis of HSPN.     

Urinary levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with IgA nephropathy

BACKGROUND/AIM: The processes involved in development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are not yet well understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and is an essential component of immune and inflammatory responses. To examine further the possible role of MIF in IgAN, we measured MIF levels in the urine. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of MIF in IgAN. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from 20 IgAN patients. The disease controls included 20 patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). A group of healthy subjects served as control. The samples were assayed for MIF protein by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The MIF levels in the urine of patients with IgAN examined were significantly higher than those of the healthy control subjects. In contrast, the levels of urinary MIF (uMIF) in patients with MCNS did not differ significantly from normal values. In IgAN patients, uMIF significantly correlated with the magnitude of proteinuria, but not with the grade of hematuria. We also investigated the relationship between uMIF levels and pathological features. Among patients with IgAN, uMIF levels were significantly correlated with the grade of glomerular crescent formation and that of mesangial cell proliferation. There was also a significant correlation between uMIF levels and the number of both intraglomerular and interstitial macrophages. CONCLUSION: Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined, these data provide evidence that urinary excretion of MIF is increased in IgAN patients with active renal lesions.     

Clinical and pathological features of children with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis: risk factors associated with poor prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the risk factors related to prognosis in patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), we investigated the cases with HSPN on long-term observation. METHODS: We enrolled 114 patients who had been diagnosed with HSPN from 1974-1997. These patients were divided into 2 groups based upon features at last follow-up. One group, designated "favorable", consisted of 69 patients with normal urine and 25 patients with minor urinary abnormalities, and the second group, designated "unfavorable", consisted of 15 patients with active renal disease and 5 patients with renal failure. The clinical features, laboratory data and pathological findings were investigated in 2 groups. RESULTS: Nephrotic syndrome, decreased factor XIII activity, hypertension and renal failure at onset were more frequent in "unfavorable" than in "favorable". The rate of glomeruli with crescents, macrophage infiltrations, tubulointerstitial changes and acute exacerbation in "unfavorable" were higher than those in "favorable". There were 5 cases with renal insufficiency, and renal survival rate was 95.6% for over 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the above mentioned risk factors play an important role in prognosis of the patients with active renal disease and renal failure.     

两种病理类型肾病患者尿IgG对人肾小管上皮细胞表达巨噬细胞移动抑制因子的影响

目的 分离纯化表现为肾病综合征(NS)的微小病变型(MCD)及膜性肾病(MN)患者尿IgG，比较它们对人近端小管上皮细胞(HK-2)表达巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)的影响。方法 采用硫酸铵沉淀&#65380;蛋白G亲和层析纯化尿中IgG，并经SDS-PAGE、Western印迹分析鉴定&#65377;用不同浓度(0&#65380;0.5&#65380;1.0&#65380;2.5&#65380;5.0&#65380;10.0 mg/ml)的上述两种患者的尿IgG分别刺激HK-2细胞6 h，应用RT-PCR检测细胞表达MIF mRNA的变化;应用Western印迹检测细胞中MIF的蛋白水平&#65377; 结果 纯化的尿IgG经SDS-PAGE分析显示其分解为4个片段,以兔抗人IgG抗体进行免疫印迹鉴定，证实这些蛋白条带均为IgG成分&#65377; 两种不同病理类型NS患者的尿IgG均可上调HK-2细胞MIF 的基因及蛋白表达，并呈剂量依赖性&#65377;MN患者的尿IgG 0.1 mg/ml即可明显上调HK-2细胞MIF mRNA和蛋白表达(P < 0.01);而MCD患者的尿IgG需达到2.5 mg/ml才具有显著上调效应&#65377; 结论 呈NS的MCD和MN患者尿IgG可上调HK-2细胞表达MIF&#65377;MN患者尿IgG的作用强于MCD患者,提示这两种不同病理类型患者尿IgG可能存在结构或功能上的差异&#65377;