婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻伴发心肌损害68例分析

目的针对68例轮状病毒腹泻伴发心肌损害的婴幼儿进行回顾性总结,分析并研究轮状病毒感染与心肌损害的相关性。方法轮状病毒腹泻伴发心肌损害的婴幼儿68例,根据轮状病毒（RV）肠炎诊断标准检测结果,RV阳性患者36例,为实验组,RV阴性患者32例,为对照组。观察两组患儿血清心肌酶谱的变化,包括天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）,肌酸激酶（CK）,肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）。结果实验组的心肌酶谱值包括AST、LDH、CK以及CK-MB显著高于对照组,实验组心肌损害发生率为28例（77.78%）,其明显高于对照组15例（46.88%）,P均〈0.05,具有统计学意义。结论轮状病毒腹泻婴幼儿与心肌损害有一定的相关性,血清心肌酶谱的诊断测定在临床上具有重要的意义,不仅能观察病情变化,而且有利于对患者的指导治疗。     

轮状病毒肠炎合并心肌损害临床分析

轮状病毒(RV)肠炎是婴幼儿时期的常见病、多发病,除引起腹泻外,还可引起肠道外感染或损害[1～2],但引起心肌损害较少见,在婴幼儿时期往往无任何临床表现和体征,无心脏扩大,心电图正常,仅有心肌酶升高,而被忽视.     

婴幼儿胃肠炎的病原学研究

前言已知从感染者粪便中排出的病毒有120多种,有的致病,有的不致病,其中包括肠道病毒。近年来,许多研究证明病毒是急性腹泻的最主要原因。在2岁以下婴幼儿腹泻中,约半数为病毒性胃肠炎,以轮状病毒为主。 1973年Bishop在婴幼儿胃肠炎患儿粪便     

小儿手足口病并发中枢神经系统损害44例临床分析

目的分析手足口病并发中枢神经系统损害的临床特点,探索该病的早期识别、治疗及预后。方法对2011年4月至2011年8月住我院治疗的44例并发中枢神经系统损害的手足口病病例进行回顾性分析。结果 44例患儿均有发热、皮疹,部分伴有易惊、四肢抖动、嗜睡、呕吐、惊厥;治愈43例,死亡1例。结论手足口病并发中枢神经系统损害多发生在3岁以下小儿,四肢抖动及易惊是重症的早期表现,早期识别和治疗是救治成功的关键。     

轮状病毒感染性腹泻病并发多器官功能损害200例

目的研究临床患儿发生轮状病毒感染腹泻并发多器官功能损害情况。方法对我院收治的200例轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿感染状况及多器官损害情况进行分析,患儿入院后即采大便标本作轮状病毒抗体测定,并作大便培养检查,同时检测血生化、血沉、C-反应蛋白、心肌酶谱,血常规,尿常规及尿微球蛋白及心电图。结果200例患儿出现不同程度的呼吸系统症状、尿常规检查异常、肝功能异常、心肌酶异常以及神经系统受损等问题。结论临床治疗轮状病毒感染腹泻时,注意肠外脏器功能的检测,及时发现肠外脏器损害并早期给予治疗,是促进患儿早日康复的重要措施。     

非何杰金氏淋巴瘤中枢神经系统侵犯（附10例临床分析）

我院自1976～1994年共收治非何杰金氏淋巴瘤589例，其中伴中枢侵犯10例，现报告与分析如下。临床资料一、一般资料10例均为男性，年龄8～60岁，平均年龄478岁。按Rappaport分类：高度恶性7例，弥漫性组织细胞型4例（4％），淋巴母细胞型2例（20％），Burkittl例（l％）；中恶度     

婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎合并肠外器官损害

目的探讨轮状病毒肠炎合并肠外器官的损害情况及与脱水严重程度的关系。方法对216例轮状病毒肠炎合并各系统损害的78例病历进行回顾性分析。结果78例合并有肠外各系统器官损害中,呼吸系统损害占首位为45例穴57.7%雪,其它依次为心肌32例穴41%雪、肝脏8例穴10.3%雪、神经系统6例穴7.8%雪,经对症治疗,1～3周均恢复正常。轻度出现肠外器官损害60例穴76.9%雪,重度脱水出现18例穴23.1%雪,经统计学处理,不同程度脱水肠外器官损害发生率比较,无显著性差异穴P>0.05雪。结论轮状病毒肠炎可合并肠外多系统损害,其发生率与脱水严重程度呈非正相关。     

轮状病毒胃肠炎与气象条件关系的研究

通过对134例轮状病毒肠炎与气象因子之间关系的分析,发现本病与气压和风速呈正相关(气压r=0.685,0.01相似文献   

胃肠炎并发婴幼儿惊厥30例临床分析

目的:探讨轻度胃肠炎伴良性婴幼儿惊厥(BICE)的临床特点.方法:对30例胃肠炎并发惊厥患儿进行临床观察和总结.结果:30例患儿中,发病年龄6个月～3岁,秋冬季多发.惊厥多在病程1～3天发生,最多达8次,以女孩多见.惊厥控制良好,随访1年无复发.结论:轻度胃肠炎伴婴幼儿良性惊厥多见于小于2岁的小婴幼儿,惊厥发作后一般预后良好,无需抗癫痫治疗.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤8例报告并文献复习

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床特点、发病机制和治疗方法。方法报告我院8例原发性颅内淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、影像学病理学特征以及治疗方法,并结合文献进行分析讨论。结果原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤多发生于幕上,多位于深部白质,边界较清楚,单纯手术效果较差,术后联合放化疗能够有效延长患者生存时间。结论原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤为恶性颅内肿瘤,手术切除或者穿刺活检病理证实后,结合放化疗仍为延长患者生存期的主要治疗方法。     

婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎并发心肌损害48例临床分析

目的:探讨婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎伴发心肌损害的诊治特点.方法:回顾性分析48例轮状病毒肠炎并发心肌损害患儿的临床资料.结果:本组无死亡病例,所有患者的心肌酶谱于治疗后均有下降,其中CK、CK-MB与治疗前比较差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),AST、LDH与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).35例心电图异常者...     

中枢神经系统白血病38例临床分析

目的回顾性调查我院中枢神经系统白血病的发病率及死亡率，总结临床经验、吸取教训。方法对90例白血病患者中38例中枢神经系统白血病患者的资料进行分析。结果90例白血病患者总死亡率为14．4％，中枢神经系统白血病总发生率为42．2％，ALL80．0％，ANLL39．2％，CL10．5％。结论①急性白血病的病死率高（15．4％），并发中枢神经系统白血病的发生率高（50．8％），且ALL〉ANLL〉CL，相互之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；②中枢神经系统白血病是白血病的主要并发症之一，是白血病缓解后复发及死亡的主要原因，且与FAB分型有关；③我院白血病患者主要为外来打工者，占86．7％；死亡率及中枢神经系统白血病的发病率皆高于国内外相关报道，其原因为患者经济条件差，文化水平低，健康意识缺乏。     

The effect of methylmercury exposure on early central nervous system development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo

Much attention is focused on environmental contamination by heavy metals. The heavy metal mercury is found worldwide and is ranked number 3 on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act substance list. We examined the effect of low‐level methylmercury exposure on central nervous system development of wild‐type zebrafish embryos (ZFEs) of the AB strain because methylmercury is the most common form of mercury to which humans are exposed in the environment. ZFEs were exposed to nine different concentrations of methylmercury [0 (negative control), 5, 10, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 parts per billion (μg l^?1)] starting at 6 h post‐fertilization, which is the time the neural tube is first beginning to form. ZFEs were exposed to 2% ethanol as positive controls (100% embryonic death). ZFEs were assessed at 30, 54, 72 and 96 h post‐fertilization for changes in embryonic development, mortality, time of hatching and morphological deformities. No abnormalities were observed in ZFEs exposed to 5 μg l^?1 methylmercury. The time of hatching from the chorion was delayed in ZFEs exposed to methylmercury concentrations of 50 μg l^?1 or higher. Significantly more ZFEs exposed to 0, 5 or 10 μg l^?1 methylmercury successfully completed hatching compared with ZFEs exposed to 50 μg l^?1 or higher methylmercury. ZFEs exposed to more than 200 μg l^?1 methylmercury exhibited 100% embryonic mortality. The rate of cell proliferation within the neural tube was significantly decreased in embryos exposed to 10, 50 and 80 μg l^?1 methylmercury and there were no differences between these doses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Increased sensitivity to neuroleptics in rats with lesions of the central nervous system

Low doses of chlorpromazine, perphenazine and haloperidol were found to produce a maximal cataleptic response in rats with lesions of the mesencephalo-diencephalic parts of the brain. The latency time for the development of catalepsy was shortened and the duration of action considerably prolonged. The cataleptic effect of cholinergic agents as well as that of DMPEA was not enhanced in lesioned animals.Reported at the XI^e Congrès International de Thérapeutique, Barcelona September 28–October 1, 1971.The technical assistance of H. Pesch is gratefully acknowledged. For the expert histological evaluation of the lesions we thank Dr. G. Krinke.     

Neuropathic Pain models caused by damage to central or peripheral nervous system

Neuropathic Pain (NP) is a painful condition which is a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system with symptoms like allodynia, hyperalgesia. It has complex pathogenesis as it involves several molecular signaling pathways, thus numerous reliable animal models are crucial to understand the underlying mechanism of NP and formulate effective management therapy. Some models like spinal cord injury, chronic constriction injury, spinal nerve ligation, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, diabetes-induced NP and many more are discussed. This review contains an overview of the procedures followed to induce neuropathy and specific characteristics of that particular model. Some new techniques like spared nerve ligation, have omitted the limitation of methods not presently used where complete nerve damage occurs. Since animal models provide a window to experienced symptoms and physiology and impact the translation of bench discoveries to the bedside, the reporting, interpretation and comparison of these models is necessary because slight variation in procedure of model generation can drastically alter the results. The development of novel, but rational analgesic drugs to alleviate this intractable pain demands elucidation of molecular mechanisms of NP for which different types of animal models have been established.     

万古霉素脑室内注射治疗成人中枢神经系统感染的研究进展

中枢神经系统(CNS)周围的屏障以及多重耐药菌的出现对有效治疗CNS感染提出了治疗挑战。万古霉素是一种糖肽类抗生素，用于治疗和预防由革兰阳性菌引起的各种细菌感染，包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。它也用于肠球菌、链球菌和甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)等引起的感染。万古霉素被推荐作为颅内感染的一线治疗药物。然而，通过静脉(IV)输注给药时，万古霉素在脑脊液(CSF)中的渗透是有限的。万古霉素通过脑室内(IVT)给药可绕过血脑屏障直接到达目标部位，实现高浓度以获得更好的杀菌作用。万古霉素IVT给药的适应症主要包括对IV抗生素反应较差的脑膜炎、脑室炎、颅内装置感染和脑脓肿。本文综述了成人万古霉素IVT给药的研究现状，旨在为临床实践提供参考。根据现有证据，使用万古霉素IVT给药治疗CNS感染是安全有效的。万古霉素IVT给药的最佳给药方案需要考虑到不同患者CNS的病理生理学特点并根据具体情况进行临床判断。     

Functional biomarkers for the acute effects of alcohol on the central nervous system in healthy volunteers

The central nervous system (CNS) effects of acute alcohol administration have been frequently assessed. Such studies often use a wide range of methods to study each of these effects. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of these tests has not completely been ascertained. A literature search was performed to recognize the most useful tests (or biomarkers) for identifying the acute CNS effects of alcohol in healthy volunteers. All tests were grouped in clusters and functional domains. Afterwards, the effect of alcohol administration on these tests was scored as improvement, impairment or as no effect. Furthermore, dose-response relationships were established. A total number of 218 studies, describing 342 different tests (or test variants) were evaluated. Alcohol affected a wide range of CNS domains. Divided attention, focused attention, visuo-motor control and scales of feeling high and of subjective drug effects were identified as the most sensitive functional biomarkers for the acute CNS effects of alcohol. The large number of CNS tests that are used to determine the effects of alcohol interferes with the identification of the most sensitive ones and of drug-response relationships. Our results may be helpful in selecting rational biomarkers for studies investigating the acute CNS effects of alcohol or for future alcohol- interaction studies.     

依达拉奉对1-溴丙烷诱导大鼠中枢神经系统损伤的保护作用

目的观察1-溴丙烷(BP)的中枢神经毒性,从神经炎症角度探索依达拉奉(Edv)的保护机制。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠每天ig给予BP 800 mg·kg~(-1)制备模型,4 h后分别ip给予Edv 1,3和5 mg·kg~(-1),连续12 d。自给药第7天采用Morris水迷宫首先进行连续5 d的定位航行实验,检测大鼠的逃避潜伏期和游泳总距离;第6天进行空间探索实验,测定大鼠穿越原平台位置的次数,评价空间记忆能力。行为学实验结束后,每组随机取4只大鼠制作全脑冰冻切片,进行尼氏染色和免疫组化染色,另8只大鼠分别采用ELISA和硝酸还原酶法检测大鼠大脑前额叶皮质肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和一氧化氮(NO)含量。结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,定位航行实验第2~5天BP 800 mg·kg~(-1)组大鼠的逃避潜伏期分别比正常对照组增加了60.8%,81.9%,124.0%和323.3%,游泳总距离增加47.0%,66.4%,106.0%和277.6%(P<0.05,P<0.01);空间探索实验中,BP组大鼠穿越平台次数也较正常对照组明显减少(P<0.01);病理形态学观察发现,BP组大鼠大脑前额叶皮质小胶质细胞激活明显,神经元丢失;大脑组织中NO和TNF-α含量分别比正常对照组增加147.6%(P<0.05)和18.7%(P<0.01)。给予BP同时给予不同剂量的Edv,其中Edv 5 mg·kg~(-1)组大鼠第4天和第5天的逃避潜伏期分别比BP组减少38.4%和44.3%(P<0.01),游泳总距离减少34.5%和43.3%(P<0.05,P<0.01);同时给予Edv组大鼠大脑前额叶皮质小胶质细胞活化和神经元丢失明显减轻,NO及TNF-α含量也明显降低,Edv 1,3和5 mg·kg~(-1)组NO分别降低53.8%,55.4%和59.8%,TNF-α分别降低12.2%,15.8%和22.2%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 Edv可能通过抑制脑内炎症减轻BP的中枢神经毒性。