扩大耳后带蒂肌骨膜瓣-耳道皮瓣复合瓣开放式改良乳突根治术腔填塞术

目的探讨本研究设计的扩大耳后带蒂肌骨膜瓣．耳道皮瓣复合瓣，结合骨粉乳突术腔填塞术，应用于开放式改良乳突根治术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的临床疗效和意义。方法2003年4月至2005年3月间胆脂瘤中耳乳突炎患者71例（71耳）施行在开放式改良乳突根治术基础上，应用扩大耳后带蒂肌骨膜瓣-外耳道皮瓣复合瓣，结合骨粉乳突术腔填塞术，同期行鼓室成形术。结果术后随访≥2年。手术后术腔完全上皮化时间为3周～1．5个月，平均29d。全部乳突术腔获干耳。结论扩大耳后带蒂肌骨膜瓣-耳道皮瓣复合瓣，结合骨粉行乳突术腔填塞术，应用于开放式改良乳突根治术，治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎具有以下优点：乳突术腔愈合时间短，上皮修复覆盖好；可避免乳突术腔植皮；术后干耳率高，基本无需术后乳突术腔清理。     

肌骨膜瓣填塞乳突腔、耳甲腔成形并一期鼓室成形术

目的观察对慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎(胆脂瘤或骨疡型)患者行耳后肌骨膜瓣填塞乳突腔、耳甲腔成形、WullsteinⅢ型鼓室成形术的手术疗效.方法采用耳后切口对37例(37耳)慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎(胆脂瘤或骨疡型)病人施行耳后肌骨膜瓣填塞乳突腔及耳甲腔成形和Ⅲ型鼓室成形术.结果术后听力平均提高16dB,26耳平均听力达35.8dB,9耳平均听力达25dB.跟踪随访2-4年,术腔均上皮化好,外耳道无痂皮堆积.26例鼓膜形态完全正常,5例鼓膜疤痕内陷,3例鼓膜穿孔但干耳,干耳率91.9%(34/37);3耳仍有间断性流脓,经再次手术干耳,2例胆脂瘤复发,复发率5.4%(2/37).干耳时间在5-9周,平均6.5周.结论耳后肌骨膜瓣填塞乳突腔、耳甲腔成形并Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术能使术腔迅速上皮化、易干耳,术后听力提高.     

耳后带蒂复合组织瓣在开放式乳突切开+鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 探讨耳后带蒂复合组织瓣乳突腔填塞应用于开放式乳突切开+鼓室成形术的疗效及其操作要点.方法 回顾性分析十堰市太和医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科完成的45例(45耳)开放式乳突切开+鼓室成形术患者的临床资料,术中均选用耳后带蒂肌骨膜瓣和外耳道皮瓣复合瓣行乳突腔填塞,分析术后干耳时间、听力变化和相关并发症的发生及手术技巧等.结果...     

双U形带蒂肌骨膜瓣在外耳道后壁重建及乳突腔填塞中的应用

目的探讨本研究设计的双U形带蒂肌骨膜瓣,结合骨粉乳突术腔填塞术,应用于开放式改良乳突根治术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的临床疗效和意义。方法 2011年1月至2013年8月间胆脂瘤中耳乳突炎患者50例(50耳)施行在开放式改良乳突根治术基础上,应用双U形带蒂肌骨膜瓣,结合骨粉乳突术腔填塞术,同期行鼓室成形术。结果术后随访1年。手术后术腔完全上皮化时间为21天-60天,平均32天。1例术腔未获干耳。结论本研究方法具有乳突术腔愈合时间短,上皮修复覆盖好;术后干耳率高等优点。     

二次开放式乳突根治术的远期疗效

目的探讨慢性中耳炎首次乳突根治术后持续不干耳的原因及再次开放式乳突根治术施行乳突腔填塞、外耳道后壁重建及鼓室成形术的远期疗效。方法收集外院曾行经典开放式乳突根治术后长期不干耳患者14例(14耳),采用带血管蒂的耳后软组织瓣及颞肌瓣填塞乳突腔,取乳突骨皮质重建上鼓室及外耳道后壁,有适应证者同期行鼓室成形术。结果二次开放式乳突根治术后随访1～5年,14耳均保持干耳,外耳道形态大致正常或略扩大。结论二次开放式乳突根治术在分析首次手术失败原因的基础上加以改进,其优点为:①术后基本无乳突腔,外耳道形态近正常或略扩大,有利于保持干耳;②有适应证者均同期行鼓室成形术,有利于改善听力。乳突腔填塞、外耳道后壁重建及鼓室成形术值得推广。     

乳突骨膜瓣修复乳突根治术后术腔

目的 探讨乳突骨膜瓣修复乳突根治术腔的疗效.方法 通过100例胆脂瘤性中耳炎患者采用随机单盲方法分为实验组和对照组:实验组56例,给予乳突骨膜瓣修复乳突根治术后术腔;对照组44例,施行传统的乳突根治术,未行乳突骨膜填塞修复.本组病例均为单耳患病.结果抽出耳内填塞物后3周内乳突腔获得完全上皮化者,实验组有35例,对照组有4例;抽出耳内填塞物后6周内乳突腔获得完全上皮化者,实验组有17例,对照组有15例;抽出耳内填塞物后9周乳突腔获得完全上皮化者,实验组有3例,对照组有22例.术后复发者,实验组有1例,对照组有3例.两组术后疗效差异有显著性(P＜0.001).结论 乳突骨膜瓣修复乳突根治术术腔大大缩短了乳突腔上皮化时间,干耳快,抗感染力强,同时也减少了术后复发.该瓣来源方便,操作简单,易于基层医院推广.     

耳后筋膜／肌-骨膜瓣及骨粉在开放式乳突根治术中的应用

乳突根治术是治疗慢性中耳炎的主要手术方式,术后乳突术腔的有效填塞一直是临床颇受关注并为之努力探讨的问题,目前主要材料是耳后筋膜／肌．骨膜瓣及骨粉。本文就耳后筋膜／肌．骨膜瓣及骨粉在乳突填塞术中的应用做一综述。     

耳后肌骨膜瓣在鼓室成形术中的应用

对病变较广泛的胆脂瘤型中耳炎行乳突根治术时,我们用耳后肌骨膜瓣缩小乳突术腔,提高了手术一次性干耳率,为同期行鼓室成形术创造了有利条件.     

双软组织血管瓣填塞乳突术腔的临床研究

目的 探讨耳后双软组织血管瓣乳突术腔填塞应用于开放式乳突根治术的临床疗效和意义。方法 胆脂瘤中耳乳突炎患者98例(98耳),在施行开放式乳突根治术基础上,治疗组52例(52耳)应用耳后双软组织血管瓣填塞乳突腔;对照组46例(46耳)应用带血管蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣填塞乳突术腔。结果 治疗组与对照组的干耳时间分别为(17.07±1.28)d和(22.96±6.21)d,治疗组干耳时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 耳后区双软组织血管瓣乳突术腔填塞术应用于开放式乳突根治术,有以下优点:①面积更宽广,可最大限度地覆盖术腔骨面;②可加快术腔上皮化,缩短术后干耳时间;③术后基本无需乳突术腔清理。     

双软组织血管瓣填塞乳突术腔的临床研究

目的 探讨耳后双软组织血管瓣乳突术腔填塞应用于开放式乳突根治术的临床疗效和意义。方法 胆脂瘤中耳乳突炎患者98例(98耳),在施行开放式乳突根治术基础上,治疗组52例(52耳)应用耳后双软组织血管瓣填塞乳突腔;对照组46例(46耳)应用带血管蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣填塞乳突术腔。结果 治疗组与对照组的干耳时间分别为(17.07±1.28)d和(22.96±6.21)d,治疗组干耳时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 耳后区双软组织血管瓣乳突术腔填塞术应用于开放式乳突根治术,有以下优点:①面积更宽广,可最大限度地覆盖术腔骨面;②可加快术腔上皮化,缩短术后干耳时间;③术后基本无需乳突术腔清理。     

Combined flap of postauricular musculo-periosteal and ear canal skin flap with bone paté for mastoid obliteration and canal wall down mastoidectomy]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term outcome and clinical value of modified radical mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration using pedicled combined flap of postauricular musculo-periosteal and ear canal skin flap in conjunction with bone paté. METHODS: During 2 years from April 2003 to March 2005, 71 otitis media patients (71 ears) with cholesteatoma were subjected to this kind of operation. RESULTS: The follow-up period was more than 2 years. The period of complete reepithelialization ranged from 3 weeks to 1.5 months, with the mean period of 29 days. All of the patients, treated by the described method of operation had a dry, disease-free mastoid of ear. CONCLUSIONS: Mastoid obliteration with pedicled combined flap of postauricular musculo-periosteal and ear canal skin flap in conjunction with bone paté, had the advantages as follows: (1) Healing of the mastoid cavity in a short time. (2) Better reepithelialization of the obliterated mastoid cavity. (3) No need of skin grafting in the mastoid cavity. (4) High rate of the dry ear in postoperation. (5) nearly no need of the mastoid cavity cleaning postoperatively.     

Long-term outcome of the Hong Kong vascularized, pedicled temporalis fascia flap in reconstruction of mastoid cavity

OBJECTIVES: The vascularized, pedicled temporalis fascia flap (Hong Kong flap) is an established procedure in the reconstruction of the mastoid cavity. The long-term outcome and complications have not been studied. We set out to appraise this procedure in our study. STUDY DESIGN: The clinical records of 302 ears that had the Hong Kong flap procedure from 1987 to 2006 were retrospectively studied. The study reviewed the otologic complaints leading to Hong Kong flap, the number and findings of the second or more looks, analysis of procedures year by year, time to achieve a dry ear, and the complications. RESULTS: The main otologic complaint leading to use of the Hong Kong flap is otorrhoea. The number of Hong Kong flap procedures has decreased in recent years. Twenty-one percent had second or more looks after the procedure. Forty percent of the mastoid cavities at the second look were found to have residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. It takes a median of 2 months to achieve a dry ear after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the Hong Kong flap procedure is simple and desirable for mastoid reconstruction to achieve a safe and dry cavity with few complications.     

Partial and total reconstruction of old radical cavities. Long-term results

Partial reconstruction of old radical cavities was performed in 118 ears with well-epithelialized mastoid cavities but with problematic tympanic cavities. Total reconstruction was performed in 145 ears with chronically discharging cavities. Partial reconstruction included reconstruction of only the tympanic cavity, whereas in total reconstructions both the tympanic cavity and the external auditory canal were rebuilt, in most cases with obliteration of the mastoid cavity. The patients were reexamined several times during observation periods of up to 17 1/2 years (mean, 8 1/2 years) and the long-term results were analyzed. The primary functional results were good but deteriorated with increasing observation time. In 79% of the patients, the ears remained dry following total radical reconstruction.     

Postauricular periosteal-pericranial flap for mastoid obliteration and canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an effective technique for mastoid cavity obliteration in canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy for chronic otitis media and review its efficacy in producing a dry, low-maintenance, small mastoid cavity. DESIGN:: Retrospective clinical study of a consecutive series of procedures from 1995 to 2000. SETTING: Tertiary referral center and institutional academic practice in otology and neurotology. PATIENTS: Sixty consecutive procedures for active chronic otitis media with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (mean, 31 mo; range, 12-80 mo). INTERVENTION: All patients had canal wall down mastoidectomy with simultaneous tympanoplasty including split-thickness skin grafting. An inferiorly pedicled, periosteal-pericranial flap was used in conjunction with autologous bone pate to obliterate the mastoid cavity. The additional length provided by the pericranial extension of the flap permitted it to reach superior to the lateral canal and into the sinodural angle, with improved coverage of bone pate and better reduction of cavity size. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was control of suppuration and creation of a dry, low-maintenance mastoid cavity, which was assessed using a previously developed semiquantitative scale. This scale includes a temporal dimension to assess control of infection. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative complications (i.e., hematoma, infection, flap necrosis, and meatal stenosis) and incidence of recurrent or residual cholesteatoma. RESULTS: Forty-nine ears (82%) maintained a small, dry, healthy mastoid cavity. Five ears (8%) had intermittent otorrhea easily controlled by topical treatment. Six ears (10%) had suboptimal control of otorrhea, of which four had meatal stenosis. There were no residual or recurrent cholesteatomas. Outcomes remained stable over progressively longer follow-up, up to 80 months. CONCLUSION: Obliteration of a canal wall down mastoid cavity by a postauricular periosteal-pericranial flap with autologous bone pate is a reliable and effective technique that results in a dry, trouble-free mastoid cavity in 90% of patients with active chronic otitis media.     

外耳道后壁和上鼓室外侧壁重建并鼓室成形术的临床应用

目的探讨外耳道后壁和上鼓室外侧壁同期重建在鼓室成形术中的意义。方法30例（31耳）慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,骨性外耳道预先取骨备用。清除病灶后进行外耳道后壁和上鼓室外侧壁重建,并行I期行鼓室成形术。结果术后随访3个月～1年,31耳均获得干耳;外耳道形态接近正常,保留含气乳突腔。术后平均气导听阈提高〉20dB以上者22耳,提高10-20dB者8耳,提高〈10dB者1耳。结论同期行外耳道后壁和上鼓室外侧壁重建并I期行鼓室成形术,有助于修复乳突根治术后遗留的乳突空腔或大外耳道,有助于改善听力。     

乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的疗效观察

目的：探讨处理好乳突根治术后遗留的外耳道后壁缺损及开放的突腔的方法。方法：以乳突根治术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎３１耳,骨疡型３耳。并行外耳道后壁中Ⅰ期鼓室成形术,修补外耳道后壁缺损及开放的乳突腔。结果：经５年随访观察,外耳道接正常形态,保留含气突腔,达社交听力者１６耳,达实用听力者１６耳。结论：乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期鼓室成形订,对解决乳突根治后遗留乳突腔或大外耳道,改善听力,是一种较为实用的手