肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的诊断

目的 探讨肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的临床特点和诊断方法.方法 1999年8月至2006年6月,对38例肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂患者进行手术治疗.男28例,女10例;年龄18～69岁,平均45.7岁.左肩11例,右肩27例.肩袖撕裂程度根据Ellman分类标准,Ⅰ度6例,Ⅱ度7例,Ⅲ度25例.术前对双侧肩关节进行系统检查.38例患者术前均拍摄肩关节正位和冈上肌出口位X线片,27例行B超检查,35例行MR或MRA检查.13例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖清理术,25例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术.结果 38例患者均有肩部疼痛,夜间痛18例.夜间痛在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度撕裂患者间阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.095).25例患者肩关节前屈及外展肌力下降.物理检查中阳性率较高的包括:Neer撞击征92.1%(35/38),Hawkins撞击征71.1%(27/38),肱骨大结节压痛89.5%(34/38),60°～120°痛弧征68.4%(26/38),牵拉抗阻试验68.4%(26/38).根据Bigliani肩峰分型标准:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ型10例.B超检查的阳性检出率为48.1%(13/27),MR检查的阳性检出率为74.3%(26/35).结论 肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂患者中,Neer撞击征及大结节压痛阳性率很高.B超和MR检查诊断肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂有一定价值.关节镜检查仍然是诊断肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的最可靠方法.     

肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的关节镜手术治疗

目的 探讨关节镜治疗肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的手术方法 和临床效果.方法 对2002年6月至2007年12月行关节镜手术的57例肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂患者进行回顾性分析.男性34例,女性15例,年龄25～71岁,平均年龄49.7岁.左肩15例,右肩34例,涉及优势侧41例.根据Ellman分类标准,Ⅰ度7例,Ⅱ度6例,Ⅲ度36例.术前均拍摄肩关节正位和冈上肌出口位X线片,29例行B超检查,36例行MRI或磁共振血管造影检查.Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度患者行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖清理术;Ⅲ度患者行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术.肩袖修复方式:3例直接行断端缝合,26例应用缝合锚钉行肩袖止点重建,7例联合应用断端缝合及缝合锚钉技术.分别在术前和最终随访时采用UCLA肩关节评分标准进行评价.手术前UCLA评分平均为(16.5±2.4)分.其中疼痛评分平均为(2.9±1.0)分,功能评分平均为(5.4±1.2)分,肩关节主动前屈评分平均为(4.3±1.1)分,前屈肌力评分平均为(4.0±0.4)分.结果 49例患者均获得随访,随访时间2～7年,平均48个月.手术后平均UCLA评分为(32.1±3.8)分.其中疼痛评分平均为(8.4±1.7)分,功能评分平均为(9.1±1.4)分,肩关节主动前屈评分平均(4.9±0.2)分,前屈肌力评分平均为(4.8±0.4),与术前比较差异均具有统计学意义(均为P=0.000).优16例,良31例,差2例.47例患者对手术效果表示满意.结论 关节镜手术是治疗肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的有效方法 .手术创伤小、恢复快.     

关节镜下缝合桥双排固定技术治疗肩袖全层撕裂的初步疗效

目的评价关节镜下应用缝合桥双排固定治疗肩袖全层撕裂的初步临床效果.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院2010年3月至2011年2月间应用关节镜下缝合桥双排固定技术治疗的44例肩袖全层撕裂患者的术后效果（男22例,女22例,术时平均52.3岁）.关节镜下将撕裂按大小分组.分别测定患者术前术后休息和运动时的VAS评分,肩关节前屈、外展和体侧外旋角度,美国加州大学肩关节评分（UCLA）和美国肩肘外科医生评分（ASES）.结果 术后随访时间平均9.7个月,随访率100%.本组病例小撕裂14例（31.8%）,中撕裂21例（47.7%）,大撕裂5例（11.4%）和巨大撕裂4例（9.1%）.休息时VAS评分从术前（6.4±3.4）分降到随访时（0.7±1.5）分,活动时VAS评分从术前的（7.9±2.1）分降到随访时（1.8±1.8）分.手术前后的关节活动度有统计学差异（前屈、外展和体侧外旋的Z值分别为4.789,4.450和4.454,P〈0.01）.UCLA评分由术前的（15.3±4.9）分增加到随访时（30.7±4.0）分;ASES评分由术前的（30.5±17.8）分增加到随访时（84.2±12.6）分,改变均有统计学意义（Z值分别为5.759和5.760,P〈0.01）.患者对手术的满意率是93%,无术中和术后并发症.结论 关节镜下缝合桥双排固定是一种治疗肩袖全层撕裂安全有效的方法,其长期临床效果需进一步研究.     

Arthroscopic double-pulley suture-bridge technique for rotator cuff repair

After preparation of the bone bed, two doubly loaded suture anchors with suture eyelets are inserted at the articular margin of the greater tuberosity. A retrograde suture-passing instrument penetrates the rotator cuff to retrieve the sutures through the modified Neviaser or subclavian portal. An ipsilateral pair of suture eyelets in the suture anchor is passed through the margins of the rotator cuff tear. The blue suture of the second and third pair is pulled out of the lateral cannula, and the threaded blue suture of the third pair in the needle is passed through the blue suture of the second pair. After retrieving the blue suture of the first pair through the anterior portal, it is pulled out to pass the blue suture of the third pair through the eyelet of the anteromedial anchor. The blue suture is linked between two anchors. The medial row of suture-bridge is repaired with a sliding knot, and the sutures are not cut. Once the rotator cuff repair using the suture-bridge technique has been performed, the two blue strands in the anterior portal are tied. We describe our technique that possesses the advantages of both the double-pulley and suture-bridge techniques, which improves the pressurized contact area and maximizes compression along the medial row.     

肩袖部分撕裂的诊断和治疗

目的探讨肩袖部分撕裂的诊断和手术方法。方法1999年4月~2004年1月,我所对14例肩袖部分撕裂进行手术治疗。术前均拍摄肩关节正位和冈上肌出口位X线片,11例B超检查,14例MR I或MRA检查。5例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖清理术;9例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术。采用UCLA肩关节评分标准进行评价。结果滑囊侧部分撕裂7例,关节侧部分撕裂7例。14例随访1~6年,平均38个月,UCLA评分由术前(15.9±3.9)分升至术后(30.9±5.2)分(t=15.000,P=0.000)。良13例,差1例;13例满意。结论关节镜检查是诊断肩袖部分撕裂的可靠方法。肩袖修复术是治疗肩袖部分撕裂的有效方法。关节镜下手术创伤小、恢复快。     

Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff

Management of partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff should include consideration of tear size, tear depth, patient age and activity level, and tear etiology. We present an arthroscopic technique for repair of articular surface partial-thickness tears that may promote healing by closing the tendon side-to-side, placing the debrided tendon end in contact with an abraded humeral surface. By repairing selected partial-thickness tears, progression of the tear and the need for subsequent repair may be prevented. Our preliminary results in 28 patients are encouraging and suggest that this technique is a useful adjunct to tendon debridement for articular surface partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 2 (February), 2001: pp 219–223     

Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff

This study prospectively evaluated the clinical outcome of 41 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a significant (>50% thickness) partial-thickness supraspinatus tear. Tears were converted to full-thickness lesions and repaired with suture anchors and simple sutures. Of the tears, 80% (33/41) involved the articular surface. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range, 23-70 years), and the mean follow-up was 38 months (range, 24-50 months). All patients had improvements in range of motion and strength. Postoperative isometric strength measurements revealed no significant difference between the operative and asymptomatic shoulder. Significant improvements were demonstrated for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (from 42 to 93 points, P < .001), pain relief (from 6.5 to 0.8 points, P < .001), and satisfaction (from 3.0 to 9.2 points, P < .001). Of the 41 patients, 40 (98%) were satisfied with their outcome. This study documented the successful clinical outcome of arthroscopic repair of significant partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.     

Diagnosis, classification and treatment of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are a challenge for shoulder surgeons. There is still no standard treatment protocol. The recent introduction of new arthroscopic techniques and a better grasp of pathogenic mechanisms along with a greater functional demand from patients, have led to the need for a thorough analysis of the problem. This paper analyses the literature in order to simplify the approach to treating partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.     

The derotation sign for perioperative diagnosis of significant partial-thickness rotator cuff tears

Purpose: To describe and evaluate a simple perioperative test (the derotation sign) that differentiates significant (grade 3) partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears from insignificant (grades 1 and 2) partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and intact rotator cuffs. Type of Study: Sensitivity and specificity study. Methods: A study was conducted of 123 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy for chronic symptomatic rotator cuff disease, each of whom was subjected to a derotation test under general anesthesia. Specifically, the glenohumeral joint was rapidly distended with fluid just before arthroscopy. One of 3 possible observations was made: (1) the arm rotated internally only, (2) the arm initially rotated internally and then externally rotated (positive derotation sign), or (3) the arm did not rotate at all. Arthroscopic findings were then correlated with the derotation test. Results: Forty-one shoulders had no arm rotation on derotation testing; all had rotator cuff tears greater than 2 cm in size. Forty-two shoulders with impingement and no rotator cuff tears, as well as 23 shoulders with grade 1 or grade 2 partial-thickness rotator cuff tears showed internal rotation only. Seventeen shoulders had a positive derotation sign; all of these had either a grade 3 partial-thickness or a small full-thickness (<1 cm) rotator cuff tear. Conclusions: The derotation test is useful in the perioperative differentiation of functionally intact rotator cuffs from those with significant tears. The derotation sign is specific for the diagnosis of grade 3 partial-thickness and/or small (<1 cm) full-thickness rotator cuff tears.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 3 (March), 2002: pp 284–286     

Pathology and pathogenesis of bursal-side rotator cuff tears viewed from en bloc histologic sections

Histologic sections from 12 en bloc surgical specimens were studied in order to clarify the pathogenesis of bursal-side rotator cuff tears (BSRCTs). The specimens consisted of the bony insertion, the partially torn area, and the musculotendinous junction of the supraspinatus tendon. There were eight men and four women, with an average age of 48.7 years. Trauma was noted in three instances. All patients exhibited clinical evidence of subacromial impingement, which was confirmed at surgery. Histologic sections were stained with azan or hematoxylin and eosin. All the tears developed from within 1 cm of the insertion. The depth of the tears varied from a superficial flap to a nearly full-thickness tear. Microscopically, the sections demonstrated several abnormalities in addition to degeneration. At the site of insertion and in the distal stump, local disruptions of the normal four layers of enthesis and areas of hypervascularity were observed in all sections. The proximal stumps were rounded, retracted, and avascular, with abundant chondrocytes. No active repair was noted in the proximal stumps. The pathogenesis of BSRCTs appears to be related to: (1) a combination of aging and precarious vascularity of the tendon, (2) repetitive movements of the arm at above-horizontal levels, (3) injury, and (4) especially subacromial-tendon impingement.     

Etiology, classification and clinical evaluation of partialthickness tears of rotator cuff

ince partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuffwere described well by Codmanl in 1934, theyhave been extensively discussed in all kinds ofliteratures. Partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuffare now considered to play a more significant role thanpreviously in inducing patients‘ disability. Partial     

关节镜下线桥技术治疗中老年人肩袖损伤

目的:评价肩关节镜下线桥技术治疗肩袖损伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月至2013年12月采用关节镜下线桥技术修复肩袖损伤30例的手术效果,其中男14例,女16例;年龄52～67岁,平均62岁。测定患者术前术后休息和活动时的VAS评分,肩关节前屈、外展和体侧外旋角度,美国加州大学肩关节评分(UCLA)和美国肩肘外科医生评分(ASES).结果:术后所有患者获随访,平均随访时间13个月。小撕裂0例,中撕裂16例,大撕裂12例,巨大撕裂2例。休息时VAS评分从术前6.3±3.2 降到随访时0.8±1.4,活动时VAS评分从术前7.7±2.1降到随访时1.7±1.6.手术前后关节活动度差异有统计学意义。UCLA评分由术前15.1±4.6增加到随访时31.2±5.0;ASES评分由术前的30.2±16.0增加到随访时80.4±13.0.患者对手术的满意率为94%,无术中和术后并发症。结论:关节镜下线桥技术治疗中老年人肩袖损伤是一种可靠安全有效的方法。     

Transtendon arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness,articular surface tears of the rotator cuff

Partial tears of the articular surface of the rotator cuff are common lesions and when not repaired can lead to persistent pain and disability. In this report, we describe a transtendon method of repairing partial articular surface lesions that anatomically restores the footprint of the rotator cuff, allowing a broad area for tendon healing to bone.     

Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and SLAP lesions in professional baseball players

Internal impingement is a primary cause of shoulder pain in throwers; however, instability, internal rotation deficit, scapula muscle dysfunction, and core muscle dysfunction are also important elements of the internal impingement process. Articular surface rotator cuff tears, posterior superior labrum tears, SLAP lesions, anterior capsular ligament attenuation, and posterior capsular ligament contracture are commonly seen in throwers. Each of these conditions must be recognized and appropriately treated to ensure the best possible outcome. There is little potential for spontaneous healing of rotator cuff tears and SLAP lesions after debridement.