舟山群岛慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者基因型与临床病理的关系

目的观察中国舟山群岛慢性HBV感染者的基因型与临床病理变化的关系。方法180例两代以上生活在舟山群岛的当地居民,血清HBV标志物和HBV DNA均阳性的各类慢性肝病患者,男147例,女33例,年龄(39.0±11.3)岁,HBV携带者(ASC)17例,CHB轻度57例,中度48例,重度9例,重型肝炎(SHB)6例,肝炎后肝硬化(LC)39例,HCC 4例。采用PCR结合Taqman MGB探针技术,对血清中HBV基因型进行分型检测,同时检测HBV血清标志物、HBV DNA、肝功能。对其中的129例患者做肝组织活检。结果舟山群岛慢性HBV感染者HBV基因型C型135例,占75.0%,B型40例,占22.2%;B、C混合型5例,占2.8%,未见有A、D型。随着病情加重,C型所占比例逐渐增高,在ASC、CHB、LC和SHB中C型分别占41.2%(7/17例)、75.4%(86/114例)、87.2%(34/39例)、100%(6/6例);在HCC中,B、C基因型各占2例。肝组织病理学检查中,99例C基因型患者,中、重度炎症(G3～4)有84例,占84.8%,30例B基因型患者G3～4有7例,占23.3%,z=6.47,P<0.01。C基因型在中、重度纤维化(S3～4)的分布与B基因型比较,差异有统计学意义。在中、重度肝脏病理损伤中C型病理改变与临床诊断符合率较好;而在轻度肝脏病理损伤中,B型病理改变与临床诊断符合率较好,C型符合率较差。结论中国舟山群岛HBV基因型为C、B及BC混合型,以C基因型占优势,C基因型的病理损伤程度较B型严重。     

十堰地区乙肝病毒基因型分布及其临床意义

目的:了解十堰地区乙肝病毒基因型分布情况以及基因型与临床特征的关系,探讨其临床意义。方法:采用型特异性引物巢式PCR方法对本地区244例乙型肝炎患者进行基因型检测,同时对部分PCR产物进行测序,确定其基因型。结果:在244例乙型肝炎患者中,B型165例(67.62%)、BC混合型74例(30.33%)、C型5例(2.05%),未发现A、D、E、F型;AsC中,B型36例,占76.60%;HF、AHB、HCC中B基因型占绝对优势,分别为95.96%、100%、81.82%,显著高于LC的57.69%和CHB的60.00%,其中HF与LC、CHB之间差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01);CHB中BC混合型51例(37.38%),与AsC中10例(21.28%)比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);B基因型患者血清ALT(323.57±596.83IU/L)、AST(254.88±460.94IU/L)、TBil(100.67±137.09μmol/L)均高于BC混合型(160.70±235.62IU/L、137.57±201.95IU/L、50.97±78.93μmol/L),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);基因型分布在年龄、性别及HBeAg阳性率上均无差异;B基因型HBV DNA水平处于高度复制状态(>108copies/ml)的比例占49.12%(56/114),比BC混合型32.14%(18/56)高,BC混合型中中度复制(105~108copies/ml)和低度复制(<105copies/ml)占67.86%(38/56),比B型50.88%(58/114)高(P<0.05)。结论:本地区基因型以B型为主,BC混合型次之,C型少见;B型在AsC、HF、AHB、HCC中占优势,与疾病的活动度及预后密切相关;BC混合型在CHB和LC中多见,与乙型肝炎慢性化相关。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒基因型与临床病理的关系

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）在逆转录过程中由于不对称复制和缺乏校对酶的作用，突变率较高。根据HBV DNA全基因核苷酸序列的异质性≥8％为一种基因型，目前HBV可分为A～H8个基因型。临床上有关HBV基因型与病情轻重关系的研究较多，但是有关HBV基因型与临床病理关系的研究甚少。为此我们应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）微板核酸杂交酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对86例慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者进行了HBV基因分型，并从血清HBV DNA水平、生化、肝组织病理学等方面来探讨HBV基因型与临床病理的炎系。     

呼和浩特市乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及其临床特征

目的调查呼和浩特市乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型分布情况及其临床特征。方法应用荧光定量PCR法对呼市128例慢性HBV感染者血清进行研究并分析不同基因型之间性别、年龄、临床诊断、HBV DNA水平、HBeAg状态、ALT及TBil水平的差异。结果呼市流行的HBV基因型主要为C型和非B非C型,其中C型占68.75%,非B非C型占26.56%,B型占4.69%。各基因型感染者年龄、性别、临床诊断、HBV DNA水平差异无统计学意义,HBeAg免疫状态及ALT、TBil水平差异有统计学意义。结论呼市流行的HBV基因型以C型为主,其次是非B非C型,少量为B型。     

乙肝病毒基因型与患者临床预后关系的研究

研究不同HBV基因型感染者临床特征的异同。选取慢性HBV感染者297例,用特异性引物PCR法测定其HBV基因型,并比较不同基因型者在临床各方面表现有何异同。297例样本中B型占12．8％,C型占87.2％, 未发现其他基因型。B型者与C型者相比,年龄≤35岁者较多,血清ALT、AST水平较低,两组的血清HBVDNA水平无明显差异。B型在慢性HBsAg携带者、慢性肝炎、肝硬化及肝癌患者中所占比例逐步下降,而C型所占比例则逐步上升。B型者HBeAg阳性率低,HBeAg血清学转换率高。B型、年龄小者及女性者容易呈慢性HBsAg携带者状态。在17例死于肝病者中,B型者死亡时感染HBV时间较长。B型者对抗病毒治疗应答比C型者好。C型HBV 感染与严重肝脏疾病的发生有关,感染B型HBV者临床预后较好,对抗病毒治疗的应答较好。     

乙肝病毒携带者病毒基因型与肝组织病理变化的关系

目的探讨乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者病毒基因型与肝组织病理变化的关系。方法采用PCR-微板核酸分子杂交-ELISA法检测139例血清HBV DNA阳性的慢性HBV携带者的乙肝病毒基因型,并进行肝组织病理检查,研究病毒基因型与肝组织病理变化的关系。结果139例HBV携带者中感染B基因型42例(30.2),C基因型97例(69.8)。B基因型感染者中肝组织病理正常者5例,符合慢性肝炎轻度34例,中度3例;而C基因型组中肝组织病理正常者仅2例,符合慢性肝炎轻度47例、中度39例、重度5例,肝硬化2例;两组的构成比差异有显著性(P<0.005)。结论对于临床诊断乙肝病毒携带者,感染C基因型者较B基因型者肝组织损伤重。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因型与聚合酶基因异质性

目的 对202株乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)聚合酶基因(P基因)序列进行系统分析，研究HBV基因型间P基因差异，为进一步研究HBV基因型、P基因变异与病毒复制及核苷类似物耐药的关系提供参考。方法 采用计算机软件对GenBank中己发表的202株HBV全序列及P基因进行分析比较。结果 HBVP基因在各基因型具有自身特点：在反转录酶(rt)区，A基因型氨基酸的型内差异较小，C、D基因型氨基酸的型内差异较大，在rt区A—F6个高度保守区域，发现在基因型间及型内存在氨基酸水平的差异。结论 (1)P基因及其氨基酸存在基因型间和型内异质性，因而分析某些氨基酸差异是与耐药有关还是准株被选择的结果，应综合考虑在该位点是否存在基因型间或型内的氨基酸差异，(2)对核苷类似物抗病毒治疗应答以及治疗中耐药现象的发生在HBV不同基因型可能不同。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒基因型与拉米夫定疗效关系的研究

目的：研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型对拉米夫定抗病毒疗效的影响。方法：回顾性调查286例拉米夫定治疗组和对照组患者的临床资料。结果：HBV优势基因型是B(34％)和C(48％)型，共235例。135例患者接受拉米夫定抗病毒治疗，对照组100例。拉米夫定有效率在B、C两基因型中分别为92．9％和75．9％(P=0．02)，而对照组分别为9．8％和8．5％(P=0．59)；YMDD变异发生率为8．9％和22．8％(P=0．028)。Multivariate分析发现，B基因型、ALT升高、HBV DNA低水平是影响抗病毒应答的预测因素。在ALT升高患者中，B、C基因型拉米夫定有效率分别为93％和77％(P=0．01)，对照组为13％和8％(P=0．45)。Multivariate分析发现，B基因型、HBV DNA低水平是预测较好疗效的独立因素。结论：B基因型HBV对拉米夫定的应答率高于C型，而变异YMDD发生率低于C型，基因型是影响拉米夫定疗效和诱导变异的重要因素之一。     

天津地区家族聚集性慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者病毒载量及组织病变与基因型的关系

目的探讨天津地区家族聚集性HBV感染患者基因型特征与病毒载量及肝组织病理的关系。方法随机采集临床确诊家族聚集性的慢性HBV表面抗原携带者(ASC)35例和轻型CHB患者65例。分别进行HBV基因分型、HBV DNA载量、肝组织病理学检测。结果HBV基因型显示:B型7例,HBV DNA主要为低载量(57.14%),病理损害程度较轻。BC混合型11例,HBV DNA以低、中载量为主(45.45%、36.36%),病理损害多为轻至中度≤G2 10例(90.91%),≤S2 9例(81.82%)。C型82例,其中ASC 29例,HBV DNA以高载量为主(72.41%),均有不同程度的病理损伤(100%);CHB 53例,HBV DNA主要为中、高载量(39.62%,49.06%),病理损害≥G2者38例(71.70%),≥S2者25例(47.17%)。结论天津地区家族聚集性ASC和CHB以基因C型为主、病毒载量高、肝组织病理损伤较严重,为乙型肝炎预后不良的主要因素;家族聚集性ASC不仅存在HBV病毒高载量,而且均有不同程度的肝脏病理损伤,临床可视肝组织病理结果酌情抗病毒治疗;肝组织病理学检查作为ASC和CHB患者治疗前的常规检测手段,为规范CHB的抗病毒治疗提供可靠依据。     

乙肝病毒基因型与干扰素近期疗效探讨

目的：探讨HBV基因型与干扰素近期疗效的关系。方法：分析240例HBVDNA阳性的患者基因型，比较不同基因型患者干扰素近期疗效。结果：240例HBV感染者中HBV基因B型144例，占60．0％，C型90例，占37．5％，B、C混合型6例，占2．5％；干扰素的疗效以B型为高。结论：干扰素近期疗效以HBV基因型B型为好。     

Relationship between hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM： To study the relationship between hepatitis B virus （HBV） DNA levels and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） and to determine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） negative patients.
METHODS： A total of 213 patients with CHB were studied, and serum HBV DNA levels were measured by the COBAS Amplicor HBV Monitor test. All patients were divided into two groups according to the HBeAg status.The correlation between serum HBV DNA levels and liver damage （liver histology and biochemistry） was explored.
RESULTS： Of the 213 patients with serum HBV DNA levels higher than 10^5 copies/mL, 178 （83.6%） were HBeAg positive, 35 （16.4%） were HBeAg negative. The serum HBV DNA levels were not correlated to the age,history of CHB, histological grade and stage of liver disease in either HBeAg negative or HBeAg positive patients. There was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferanse （ALT）,aspartate aminotrans-ferase （AST） in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients, there was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and AST,while serum DNA levels correlated with ALT （r = 0.351, P = 0.042）. The grade （G） of liver disease correlated with ALT and AST （P 〈 0.05, r = 0.205, 0.327 respectively）in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients,correlations were shown between ALT, AST and the G （P 〈 0.01, and r = 0.862, 0.802 respectively）. HBeAg negative patients were older （35 ± 9 years vs 30 ±9 years, P 〈 0.05 ） and had a longer history of HBV infection （8 ± 4 years vs 6 ± 4 years, P 〈 0.05） and a lower HBV DNA level than HBeAg positive patients （8.4± 1.7 Log HBV DNA vs 9.8 ± 1.3 Log HBV DNA, P 〈0.001）. There were no significant differences in sex ratio,ALT and AST levels and liver histology between the two groups.
CONCLUSION： Serum HBV DNA level is not correlated to histological grade or stage of liver disease in CHB patients with HBV DNA mor     

延边地区朝、汉族慢性乙型肝炎患者血清标志物与HBV DNA定量的关系

目的:探讨延边地区朝、汉族慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBVM表现模式与HBVDNA含量的关系.方法:采用荧光定量聚合酶联反应(FQ-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测慢性乙肝患者1773例(朝鲜族1074例,汉族699例)血清HBVDNA含量及HBVM,比较分析朝、汉族HBVM表现模式与HBVDNA含量的关系.结果:HBVM表现模式中朝、汉族在A组(HBsAg 、HBeAg 、HBcAb )各占40.69%、47.07%(P<0.01),B组(HBsAg 、HBeAb 、HBcAb )和C组(HBsAg 、HBcAb )各占47.07%,38.34%及7.18%,4.58%(均P<0.05).两个民族A、B组HBVDNA的阳性率(A:93.82%,93.92%;B:47.54%,47.39%)相似,在A组HBVDNA含量主要以高含量(≥1014-1016copies/L,70.73%,72.17%)为主,B组多数以低含量(≥106-1010copies/L,51.64%,51.18%)为主.结论:延边地区朝、汉族HBVM表现模式有明显差异,但HBVDNA的阳性率相似,HBVDNA含量与HBVM表现模式明显相关.     

Long-term clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Long-term clinical outcomes of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. METHODS: Fifteen chronic hepatitis B patients were monitored for a median of 4.4 years (range 0.9-15.3) after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. Serum HBV DNA was measured by real-time detection polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen patients underwent liver biopsies at the end of follow-up and liver histology was evaluated by Ishak score. Liver HBV DNA was also measured for 12 patients. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, HBV viremia was absent in 13 (87%) patients, and antibody titers to hepatitis B core antigen showed an inverse correlation with time from HBsAg seroclearance (r=-0.554; P=0.0040). However, all patients retained liver HBV DNA and tested positive for the covalently closed circular HBV DNA replicative intermediate. The hepatic HBV DNA loads had no relation to liver histology. Paired biopsies from 11 patients disclosed that each necroinflammatory score significantly improved after HBsAg seroclearance. Amelioration of liver fibrosis was also evident in eight (73%) patients (P=0.0391 by signed rank test). CONCLUSIONS: A long-standing but strongly suppressed HBV infection may confer histological amelioration after HBsAg seroclearance.     

新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布及其特点

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布及其特点。方法采用型特异性引物巢式PCR法对127例维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者进行基因分型,并测序验证。结果基因D型占39．4%（50/127）,基因B型占22．0%（28/127）,基因C型占16．5%（21/127）,基因BD混合型占9．4%（12/127）,基因CD混合型占8．7%（11/127）,基因BCD混合型占3．9%（5/127）; HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性的维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者基因型分布,差异无统计学意义（x^2= 6．033,P＞0．05）;不同年龄维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布差异无统计学意义（x^2= 3．137,P＞0．05）;不同性别维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布差异亦无统计学意义（x^2= 8．058,P＞0．05）。结论新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型以D型占优势,其次可见B、C型及BD、CD、BCD混合型。同一疾病谱的慢性HBV感染者基因型分布可能与宿主HBeAg状态、年龄、性别无明显关系。     

Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a public health problem worldwide, being endemic in some parts of the world. It can lead to serious liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The differences in host immune response can be one of the reasons for the various clinical presentations of HBV infection. Polymorphisms of genes encoding the proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for regulation of the immune response, can affect the clinical presentation of the infection. Particularly, the polymorphisms of the genes encoding cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-28B, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β1, and regulatory molecules like vitamin D receptor and chemokine receptor 5 can be responsible for different clinical presentations of HBV infections. The genomic information about cytokines and other mediators can be important for determining high-risk people for developing chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular cancer and may be used to plan treatment and preventive approaches for these people. In this review, the current knowledge in the literature on the association between cytokine/regulatory molecule gene polymorphisms and clinical course of chronic HBV infection is summarized, and the clinical implementations and future prospects regarding this knowledge are discussed.     

Preliminary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran

AIM: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Iranian hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, chronic hepatitis B and cirrhotic patients. METHODS: A total of 109 HBsAg-positive patients were included in this study. HBV genotypes were determined by using INNO-LiPA methodology which is based on the reverse hybridization principle. RESULTS: The distribution of patients with different stages of liver disease was as follows: 95 (86.4%) chronic hepatitis, 11 (10%) liver cirrhosis, and 3 (2.7%) inactive carrier. Of the chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients, 26.4% were HBeAg-positive while 70% were HBeAg-negative. Genotype D was the only detected type found in all patients. CONCLUSION: Classifying HBV into genotypes has to be cost-effective and clinically relevant. Our study indicates that HBV genotype D prevails in the Mediterranean area, Near and Middle East, and South Asia. Continued efforts for understanding HBV genotype through international co-operation will reveal further virological differences of the genotypes and their clinical relevance.     

Lack of association between occult hepatitis B virus DNA viral load and aminotransferase levels in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients might enhance the severity of chronic liver disease (CLD). To elucidate the correlation between occult HBV infection and the clinical course of HCV-related CLD, we evaluated whether the fluctuation of occult HBV-DNA directly affects the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. METHODS: Forty-one patients with HCV-related CLD who received regular outpatient treatment and 42 age-, sex-, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum HBV-DNA was quantitatively detected using real-time detection polymerase chain reaction (RTD-PCR). Serial serum samples in three patients were measured for HBV-DNA, ALT and HCV core antigen. RESULTS: Hepatitis B virus DNA was amplified in eight of the HCV-related CLD patients (19.5%), which was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (2.4%). No significant difference between the genotype 1 HCV-related CLD group and the genotype 2 group was found. Based on the analyses using serial serum samples, the elevation of HBV-DNA did not occur before the ALT flares, but occurred at the same time or after the ALT flares. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of occult HBV infection of HCV-related CLD is significantly higher than that of control. Occult HBV infection has no influence on ALT flares among patients with HCV-related CLD.     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型及其临床意义

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者HBV基因分型及其对慢性肝病的影响,为制定针对不同HBV基因型抗病毒的个体化方案提供分子病毒学依据。方法临床确诊的慢性乙型肝炎、乙型肝炎肝硬化及肝癌患者314例,采用RDB法对HBV进行基因分型检测。结果山西地区的200例慢性乙型肝炎患者所感染的HBV均为B和C基因型,分别占56%、26%,并存在混合感染(17%);C与B基因型患者相比,血清病毒载量高、肝脏损伤严重;混合感染的患者与单一基因型感染者相比病毒载量更高、肝损伤更严重;肝硬化患者感染的HBV主要为C基因型及B、C混合感染,且肝损害严重、病毒复制率高;肝癌患者中C基因型感染占42.19%,B、C混合感染占37.5%,B基因型感染可能与年轻患者肝癌的发生有关。结论B基因型HBV感染与C基因型及混合感染相比,病毒载量低、肝损害轻,但年轻患者应监测肝癌的发生;C基因型及混合感染的患者预后较差,肝硬化、肝癌发生率高,应进行积极有效的治疗,防止严重肝病发生。     

慢性HBV感染者血清HBeAg、HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理损伤的关系

目的对比不同年龄阶段乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）阳性及HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染者的肝脏病理特点。方法 323例慢性HBV感染者分为HBeAg阳性组与HBeAg阴性组,每组以40岁为界分为高龄组与低龄组,均经肝穿刺活组织检查,同时检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、HBV DNA,分析HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性患者高龄组与低龄组的肝脏病理损伤与血清ALT及HBV DNA水平的关系。结果 HBeAg阳性高龄组与HBeAg阴性高龄组比较具有更明显的炎症程度（P〈0.05）及更高的HBV DNA载量（P〈0.01）,HBeAg阳性低龄组与HBeAg阴性低龄组比较HBV DNA载量较高（P〈0.01）,但炎症程度无明显差异（P〉0.05）。HBeAg阴性非活动性HBV携带者与HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏病理炎症、纤维化程度及血清HBV DNA水平在高龄组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而在低龄组差异无统计学意义。结论慢性HBV感染者血清HBeAg表达和HBV DNA水平与肝组织病理炎症分级的关系在不同年龄阶段表现不同,血清HBeAg表达与否和HBV DNA水平高低不能单独作为判断肝组织病理变化程度的指标。