血浆孤啡肽水平与抑郁障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍患者血浆孤啡肽（OFQ）水平的变化。方法应用放射免疫（RIA）法分别测定24例抑郁患者和31例正常人血浆OFQ的浓度。结果 1．与对照组相比，抑郁组血浆OFQ水平明显增高（t=2．76，P〈0．01），差异有统计学意义。2．抑郁组0FQ含量与HAMD、MADRS总分呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论血浆OFQ水平的变化可能参与抑郁障碍的发病机制，并可能提示病情的严重程度。     

焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性

目的 探讨焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性.方法 选取2020年8月至2021年8月在深圳市康宁医院焦虑障碍科住院治疗的70例广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、抑郁障碍患者,其中抑郁障碍组33例,焦虑障碍组37例.比较两组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数...     

致炎细胞因子与抑郁障碍的相关性研究进展

抑郁障碍的发病机制和病因目前尚不清楚,目前越来越多的研究发现,细胞因子与抑郁障碍的发生发展存在着相关,本文就目前主要的致炎细胞因子与抑郁障碍的相关性进行综述。     

产科并发症和抽动秽语综合征

目的探讨产科并发症（ＯＣ）和抽动秽语综合征（ＴＳ）的关系。方法对分娩期和孕期有ＯＣ的（ＴＳ）患者各３０例分别与无ＯＣ的ＴＳ患者３０例作对照比较。结果研究组发病年龄早于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;治疗前及治疗后的症状评分大于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;脑电图异常例数要多于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＯＣ是导致ＴＳ发病的重要危险因素,并对ＴＳ的预后有一定影响     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的治疗

焦虑障碍包括广泛性焦虑障碍 (GAD) ,惊恐障碍 ,强迫症 (OCD) ,社交恐怖 ,混合性焦虑抑郁障碍 (MAD)和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)。其中 MAD在 ICD- 1 0中的定义是 :患者多见于初级保健机构 ,有一定程度的焦虑和抑郁症状 ,并伴有植物神经症状 ,但又不符合特定的焦虑症或抑郁症诊断标准 ,也应与应激性生活事件无关[1] 。焦虑和抑郁障碍在诊断标准中是相互独立的疾病实体 ,但通常在同一个体共存。当两组症状分别考虑时 ,足以符合相应的诊断标准 ,这种情况称为焦虑、抑郁障碍共病。这种共病在初级保健人群中的患病率达 1 9% ,与单一焦虑或…     

焦虑和抑郁障碍的心理防御机制

本文就焦虑和抑郁障碍防御机制方面的研究进展作一综述。     

焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍人格特征的对照研究

目的探讨焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍人格基础是否相同。方法使用CPI-RC、HAMD和HAMA对符合DSM-Ⅵ焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍30例进行评定，并与30名正常人进行对照。结果1.焦虑组Do、Cs、Sy、Sp、Sa、In、Em高于抑郁组（P〈0.01），抑郁组Sc、Gi、To高于焦虑组（P〈0.01）；焦虑组除Em高于对照组（P〈0.01）外，In、Re、So、Sc、Gi、Cm、To、Ac、Ai、Ie、Py低于封照组（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）；抑郁组Sc、To、Fx与对照组无差别，其余各量表分均低于对照组。2.各组的人格类型构成分布有非常显着的差异（P〈0.01）。3.焦虑组和抑郁组的自我实现水平低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍的自我确认和人际适应水平以及人格类型不同。     

神经内科住院患者抑郁障碍的研究

为探讨综合医院患者中抑郁障碍的患病规律 ,我们于1 999年 2月至 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,对本院神经内科住院患者进行了调查。对象　入组标准 :年龄≥ 1 5岁、能合作者 ;除外意识障碍及语言交流困难者。共 4 0 0例。其中男 2 3 8例 ,女 1 62例 ;年龄 1 5～ 65岁 ,平均 ( 3 8± 1 2 )岁 ;病程 1天至 2 0年 ,中位数 4年。按年龄将 4 0 0例分为 1 5～ 2 5岁 ( 42例 )、2 6～ 3 5岁 ( 1 1 7例 )、3 6～ 4 5岁 ( 1 68例 )、4 6～ 55岁 ( 52例 )和≥ 56岁 ( 2 1例 )五组 ,并进行组间比较。方法　使用自制心境障碍诊断量表、中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标…     

抑郁障碍的诊断研究概述

抑郁障碍是一种常见的心理障碍，近年来其发病率呈上升趋势。文章对抑郁障碍的诊断进行了综述。其中对抑郁障碍与过度悲伤、精神分裂症和双相障碍的鉴别诊断，及其与焦虑障碍和重度抑郁的共病进行了论述，并进一步比较了抑郁障碍三个诊断标准的区别。     

焦虑和抑郁障碍的心理防御机制

本文就焦虑和抑郁障碍防御机制方面的研究进展作一综述。     

抑郁症与精神分裂症患者心率变异性的对照分析

目的探讨抑郁症与精神分裂症患者的心率变异性（HRV）的差异。方法对36例首次发作的抑郁症患者及年龄、性别与之相匹配的41例首次发作的精神分裂症患者分别进行短时程HRV检测,并对其心率变异指标SDNN、MSD、rMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF结果进行分析。结果抑郁症患者的时阈指标rMSSD（P〈0.05）、PNN50（P〈0.01）较精神分裂症显著降低,而两者之间的频阈分析指标无明显差异。结论抑郁症患者的自主神经功能失调较精神分裂症患者更严重。     

Grey matter volume abnormalities in patients with bipolar I depressive disorder and unipolar depressive disorder:a voxelbased morphometry study

Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder(UD) may be different in brain structure. In the present study,we performed voxel-based morphometry(VBM) to quantify the grey matter volumes in 23 patients with bipolar I depressive disorder(BP1) and 23 patients with UD,and 23 age-,gender-,and educationmatched healthy controls(HCs) using magnetic resonance imaging. We found that compared with the HC and UD groups,the BP1 group showed reduced grey matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus,while the UD group showed reduced volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HCs. In addition,correlation analyses revealed that the grey matter volumes of these regions were negatively correlated with the Hamilton depression rating scores. Taken together,the results of our study suggest that decreased grey matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus is a common abnormality in BP1 and UD,and decreasedgrey matter volume in the right middle cingulate gyrus may be specifi c to BP1.     

卒中后抑郁障碍与血管性危险因素的相关性

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁障碍与血管性危险因素的相关性.方法 选择在卒中专病门诊连续就诊的资料完整的卒中初诊患者1055例,按有无抑郁障碍分为抑郁组和非抑郁组(对照组)两组.收集并比较两组患者的血管性危险因素.结果 1055例患者中,291例(27.6%)有抑郁障碍.抑郁障碍者的高血压史、心脏病史、高脂血症史、既往卒中史、高血压家族史和心脏病家族史的比例显著高于无抑郁障碍者(P均<0.05),而吸烟史、饮酒史、糖尿病史及卒中家族史无显著统计学差异.抑郁障碍者的血管危险因素个数明显多于无抑郁障碍组(P<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示高血压史(RR 1.615,95%CI 1.135～2.298, P=0.008)、高脂血症史(RR 2.085,95%CI 1.490～2.918, P<0.01)、既往卒中史(RR 1.443,95%CI 1.034～2.014, P=0.031)和心脏病家族史(RR 1.844,95%CI 1.228～2.769, P=0.003)是卒中后抑郁的独立相关因素.结论卒中专病门诊患者的卒中后抑郁障碍患病率高.多种血管性危险因素和其数目是卒中后抑郁障碍的独立危险因素.     

Relationships between EEG and biochemical parameters in major depressive disorder

Twenty-five patients with major depressive disorder according to RDC were examined with computerized quantitative EEG before antidepressive treatment. Normal EEGs were found in 20 patients and slight abnormality in five cases. Relationships between various EEG variables and pretreatment accumulation rate of 14C-5-HT and 3H-NA in rat synaptosomes, incubated in patients' plasma, and 5-HT in whole blood were studied. Age and current treatment with benzodiazepines were taken into account. There was an inverse relationship between alpha-1 amplitude in all derivations and beta-2 amplitude in the parieto-occipital derivation on one hand and pretreatment 14C-5-HT synaptosomal accumulation rate on the other. This result indicates that low 14C-5-HT synaptosomal accumulation rate is related to increased EEG alertness. This EEG pattern is suggested to be associated with a serotonergic subgroup of depression. The relationships between the other biochemical variables and the EEG patterns did not show any consistent pattern.     

Trait and state aspects of harm avoidance and its implication for treatment in major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive personality disorder

The authors evaluated the trait/state issues of harm avoidance in depressive-spectrum disorders and its predictive potential for antidepressant response. Subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) major depressive disorder (n = 39), dysthymic disorder (n = 37), depressive personality disorder (n = 39), and healthy control subjects (n = 40) were evaluated with the Temperament and Character Inventory and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) at baseline and after a 12 week antidepressant treatment period. Higher harm avoidance scores predicted lesser improvement in subjects with dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder, as determined by lesser decrease in HDRS-17 scores. Mean harm avoidance scores in depressed subjects were consistently greater than those in healthy controls, controlling for age, gender and diagnosis. Mean harm avoidance scores decreased significantly in all depressive-spectrum disorders after treatment, but still remained higher than harm avoidance scores in control subjects. The present study reports that harm avoidance is a reliable predictor of antidepressant treatment in subjects with major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder and that harm avoidance is both trait- and state-dependent in depressive-spectrum disorders.     

Metabolic syndrome in subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in a current depressive episode: Population-based study: Metabolic syndrome in current depressive episode

ObjectiveTo assess the differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their components in young adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a current depressive episode.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study with young adults aged 24–30 years old. Depressive episode (bipolar or unipolar) was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – Plus version (MINI Plus). The MetS was assessed using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III).ResultsThe sample included 972 subjects with a mean age of 25.81 (±2.17) years. Both BD and MDD patients showed higher prevalence of MetS compared to the population sample (BD = 46.9%, MDD = 35.1%, population = 22.1%, p < 0.001). Higher levels of glucose, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, Body Mass Index, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity were observed in both BD and MDD individuals with current depressive episode compared to the general population. Moreover, there was a significant difference on BMI values in the case of BD and MDD subjects (p = 0.016).ConclusionMetabolic components were significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms, independently of the diagnosis.     

A population-based longitudinal study of risk factors for suicide attempts in major depressive disorder

No longitudinal study has examined risk factors for future suicide attempts in major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample. The objective of this study was to investigate baseline sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, specific depressive symptoms, and previous suicidal behavior as potential risk factors for suicide attempts at 3 years follow-up. Data came from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC), a large nationally representative longitudinal survey of mental illness in adults [Wave 1 (2001-2002); Wave 2 (2004-2005) n = 34,653]. Logistic regression examined associations between risk factors present at Wave 1 and suicide attempts at Wave 2 (n = 169) among individuals with major depressive disorder at baseline assessment (n = 6004). Risk factors for incident suicide attempts at Wave 2 (n = 63) were identified among those with major depressive disorder at Wave 1 and no lifetime history of suicide attempts (n = 5170). Results revealed specific comorbid anxiety, personality, and substance use disorders to be associated with incident suicide attempts at Wave 2. Comorbid borderline personality disorder was strongly associated with suicide attempts in all models. Several comorbid disorders were strongly associated with suicide attempts at Wave 2 even after adjusting for previous suicidal behavior, notably posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.27-3.83) and dependent personality disorder (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI 1.93-10.18). These findings suggest that mental illness comorbidity confers an increased risk of future suicide attempts in major depressive disorder that is not solely accounted for by past suicidal behavior.     

The relationship between positive affect and negative affect during treatment for major depressive disorder

Objective: The present study examined the relationship between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) along the course of combined cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacological treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: Participants were 165 individuals who sought treatment for MDD in a partial hospital setting. Participants’ PA, NA, and depressive symptoms were measured at pre- and post-treatment and PA and NA were measured at up to 10 additional measurements along the course of treatment. Results: Results indicated that PA at pre-treatment predicted depressive symptoms at post-treatment above and beyond NA and the PA*NA interaction. However, an analysis of patterns of change during treatment using lower level mediational modeling in a multilevel framework indicated that NA predicted subsequent PA to a greater extent than vice versa. Conclusion: Though many treatments for MDD predominantly focus on reducing NA, our findings suggest that PA may be an important predictor of outcome in treatment for MDD, and that the inclusion of interventions to increase the experience of PA may help improve the efficacy of treatment.