窝沟封闭--预防磨牙点隙裂沟龋的有效方法

1　磨牙咬合面最易患龋大量调查资料表明 ,在乳牙列和恒牙列中 ,龋病的好发牙均为磨牙。乳牙列中 ,患龋率最高的依次为下颌第二乳磨牙、上颌第二乳磨牙、第一乳磨牙等 ;恒牙列中 ,患龋率最高的依次为下颌第一磨牙、下颌第二磨牙、上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二磨牙、前磨牙、第三磨牙等。好发牙面均为咬合面。大约有 1/3的儿童 3岁时即患龋病 ,而点隙裂沟龋即占了6 7%,3岁时下颌第一、二乳磨牙龋患率为 17.1%～ 2 5 .7%,到6岁时第一乳磨牙患龋率达 5 0 .9%,第二乳磨牙达 6 5 .7%。切牙和尖牙的患龋率为 11.7%～ 2 1.3%。美国 1935和 1940年点隙裂…     

江西省12岁儿童口腔健康状况分析

目的了解江西省12岁儿童龋患和牙周健康现状,为提高学龄儿童口腔健康水平提供依据。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取江西省城乡12岁儿童792名,检查恒牙龋患和牙周情况。结果12岁儿童恒牙患龋率为27.8%,龋均为0.43,患龋率和龋均在城乡之间的差异均有统计学意义,男、女之间差异均无统计学意义;龋齿充填率为6.3%,窝沟封闭率为0.5%,牙龈出血检出率和牙石检出率分别是87.9%和67.3%。结论江西省12岁儿童患龋率虽低,但第一恒磨牙易患龋,龋齿治疗率较低,牙周健康状况较差。应积极开展学校口腔预防保健工作,提高龋病治疗率,改善牙周状况。     

点隙裂沟封闭预防牙面点隙裂沟龋

龋齿是儿童少年时期最常见的疾病之一。大量的调查资料已表明,在乳牙列中,乳磨牙的合面患龋最多,点隙裂沟（窝沟）最易患龋。恒牙列中,下颌第一磨牙患龋率最高,好发牙面则以咬合面最高。根据美国全国龋病调查资料（1979～1980年）显示,84％的儿童龋病发生于点隙裂沟。在实施自来水氟化的纽约市的一个调查（1982-1983）表明,点隙裂沟龋在学龄儿童中已经占94％。1995年我国第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查资料显示,12岁年龄组窝沟龋与光滑面龋的构成比分别为90．32％与9．68％。     

自闭症儿童口腔健康状况调查

目的调查自闭症(ASD)儿童口腔健康与保健状况。方法采用整群抽样法抽取杭州市某康复中心98名ASD儿童进行问卷调查和口腔健康检查。结果 ASD儿童中总患龋率、龋均、牙龈出血检出率和牙结石检出率分别为63.27%、2.91±0.77、44.89%和31.63%。其中乳牙列期、混合牙列期和恒牙列期患龋率分别为57.14%、49.37%和44.44%,牙龈出血检出率分别为35.71%、52.63%和55.56%,牙结石检出率分别为30.95%、47.37%和55.56%。患龋率、龋均与第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查结果比较,乳牙列期均低于平均水平,恒牙列期均高于平均水平。每日刷牙≥2次的ASD儿童占29.46%,使用含氟牙膏占21.87%,曾做过窝沟封闭占17.54%,近一年内在牙科就诊占8.93%。结论 ASD儿童口腔健康与保健状况总体较差,需加强针对这一特殊群体的口腔保健服务。     

上海市黄浦区3～6岁儿童患龋状况调查

【目的】了解上海市黄浦区3～6岁儿童患龋状况。【方法】按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准,采用普查形式对黄浦区12所幼儿园的3 273名学龄前儿童进行龋病检查,并与第四次全国口腔健康流行病学的调查结果进行比较。【结果】黄浦区3～6岁儿童乳牙患龋率为51.4%,龋均为2.39,龋齿充填构成比为15.5%;乳牙患龋状况和龋齿充填情况随年龄增加而提升,男、女患龋率和龋均无统计学差异(P0.05);5岁儿童82.7%的龋齿集中在1/3儿童;最容易患龋的牙位为上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙。与第四次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果相比,黄浦区3岁、4岁、5岁儿童的患龋率和龋均均低于全国城市水平,龋齿充填构成比高于全国城市水平。【结论】上海市黄浦区学龄前儿童龋病患病状况和充填情况好于全国水平,但龋患仍处于高流行水平,龋损充填依然不足。表明应进一步加强学龄前儿童龋病防治,特别是龋病高危儿童的监测和防治,并且乳牙龋病预防关口需前移3岁以下的儿童。     

广州市2008与2015年5岁儿童乳牙龋病比较及危险因素分析

目的 了解广州市5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行趋势及影响因素,为制订科学、有效的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 比较分析广州市2008与2015年两次“广州市儿童口腔健康流行病学抽样调查”中5岁组儿童相关调查数据,并对2015年广州市5岁儿童龋病发生的影响因素进行分析。结果 广州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均以及因龋充填率分别由2008年的56.11%、3.04和3.01%上升至2015年的76.78%、5.47和4.05%。2008年和2015年农村儿童患龋率和龋均(2008年:78.89%,5.33;2015年:86.05%,6.91)均高于城市儿童(2008年:48.52%,2.28;2015年:74.22%,5.07),而因龋充填率农村儿童(2008年:1.04%;2015年:1.15%)则均低于城市儿童(2008年:4.55%;2015年:5.14%);患龋率、龋均及因龋充填率两次调查男女童间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2015年72.06%的乳牙龋发生在上乳中切牙和第一、二乳磨牙中;70.31%龋坏的乳牙发生在32.16%的儿童中。多因素分析结果显示睡前有进食甜食习惯(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.08~1.94),2岁后才开始刷牙(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~1.86),父母学历低(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.19~2.11)以及家庭经济状况差(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.23~2.67)是儿童乳牙龋病发生的危险因素。结论 广州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况严重、呈上升趋势,且治疗率低,应进一步加强防龋和治疗措施,降低儿童龋病发生率。     

深圳市龙岗区2346名儿童龋病调查

目的对深圳市龙岗区儿童患龋状况分析,以便更好地开展儿童龋病的防治工作。方法采用流行病学调查方法进行调查,并行x2检验。结果深圳市龙岗区2346名的儿童患龋率61.85%,龋齿充填率9.25%。结论深圳市龙岗区儿童龋病相当严重,而进行充填治疗的少,故有必要进一步加强儿童的口腔卫生宣传教育工作及预防保健工作,降低儿童的患龋率,提高儿童龄齿的充填率。     

平顶山市8岁学龄儿童龋病流行状况

目的 了解平顶山市8岁学龄儿童龋病流行状况。方法 采用分层、整群抽样的方法对平顶山市五县、三区的1 762名8岁学龄儿童(小学二年级学生)进行口腔健康检查。结果 平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋率84.68%,龋均4.79,农村患龋率高于城市,而乳恒牙龋齿充填率低于城市,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城乡儿童患6颗及以上龋齿的概率分别为35.61%和44.20%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);8岁学龄儿童乳恒牙患龋率分别为83.65%、25.77%,乳磨牙患龋与恒磨牙患龋有相关性(r=0.236,OR=11.24)。结论 平顶山市8岁学龄儿童患龋率较高,且农村高于城市,应加强儿童口腔健康教育和龋病预防控制工作,降低城乡儿童的患龋率。     

两种充填术对乳牙龋病预防的临床研究

目的 探究窝沟封闭与预防性树脂充填术对乳牙龋病的预防效果，为临床防治儿童龋病提供参考。方法 选取2019年5月—2020年2月在天津市宁河区芦台医院进行口腔保健的91例儿童作为研究对象，以随机数字表法分为观察组46例和对照组45例，对照组采用窝沟封闭术预防乳牙龋病，观察组采用窝沟封闭术联合预防性树脂充填术预防乳牙龋病，两组儿童治疗后6、12、18个月进行复查，比较两组儿童3次复查时的窝沟封闭剂保存情况、患龋情况。结果 两组治疗后6个月的窝沟封闭剂完整保存率及患龋率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后12、18个月，观察组窝沟封闭剂完整保存率分别为98.95%、97.89%，均高于对照组的84.95%、82.80%；患龋率分别为2.11%、4.21%，均低于对照组的11.83%、19.35%，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 窝沟封闭联合预防性树脂充填术可对乳牙龋病进行有效预防，降低患龋率，提高窝沟封闭剂完整保存率，值得临床推广应用。     

厦门市1686名学龄儿童龋病及充填情况调查

目的了解厦门市学龄儿童龋病及充填的情况。方法采用《全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》龋病诊断标准,对厦门市7～13岁儿童龋病患病及充填的情况进行调查。结果被调查的1686名儿童中患龋病的有1228例,患龋率为72.84%,龋均为2.60,充填率为17.59%。结论厦门市学龄儿童龋病发病率高,但充填率较低,我们应采取相应的措施,降低学龄儿童龋病患病率,并提高儿童龋病的充填率。     

Dental caries prevalence and treatment levels in Arizona preschool children.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of dental caries in a large group of preschool children, to determine the extent to which the children received dental treatment, to examine the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of caries, and to compare these findings with those from previous studies of preschool populations in the United States. METHODS: Dental caries exams were performed on 5171 children ages 5 months through 4 years, and a parent or other caregiver was asked to complete a questionnaire giving information about the child and her or his household. The children were recruited from Head Start programs; Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) nutrition programs; health fairs; and day care centers in a representative sample of Arizona communities with populations of more than 1000 people. RESULTS: Of the 994 one-year-old children examined, 6.4% had caries, with a mean dmft (decayed, missing [extracted due to caries], and filled teeth) score of 0.18. Nearly 20% of the 2-year-olds had caries, with a mean dmft of 0.70. Thirty-five percent of the 3-year-olds had caries, with a mean dmft of 1.35, and 49% of the 4-year-olds had caries, with a mean dmft of 2.36. Children whose caregivers fell into the lowest education category had a mean dmft score three times higher than those with caregivers in the highest education category. Children with caregivers in the lowest income category had a mean dmft score four times higher than those with caregivers in the highest category. Children younger than age 3 had little evidence of dental treatment, and most of the children with caries in each age group had no filled or extracted teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that dental caries is highly prevalent in this preschool population, with little of the disease being treated. Timing of diagnostic examinations and prevention strategies for preschool children need to be reconsidered, especially for children identified as having a high risk of caries.     

Prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren in Italy

The caries experience and its potential risk indicators such as socioeconomic status, sweets consumption, toothbrushing habits, dental visit attendance pattern and salivary mutans streptococci (in 12 year old only), were assessed in schoolchildren raised and living in low fluoridated areas (Catanzaro, Italy). Caries-free prevalence in the 6-year-old was 52.9% in their primary dentition; the dmft and dmfs were 2.1 and 5.1, and both DMFT and DMFS were 0.1. Almost 91% of the dmft was attributable to active decay. The proportion of children with a dmft+DMFT 1 and the dmft and dmfs were significantly higher in those with low socio-economic status. In the 12-year-old, 52.7% had a history of caries and the DMFT and DMFS were 1.5 and 2.6; the filled component was the dominant proportion. The more likely they visited a dentist for routine checkup, the higher socio-economic status (it was not associated with DMFT), the less frequently they had sweets, and the low level of Streptococcus mutans, the more likely they were caries-free and the less likely they were to have a high DMFT, DMFS, and DT. In the 15-year-old, 68.8% had a history of caries and the DMFT and DMFS were 2.8 and 4.8, with a higher prevalence of the F component. The children who visited a dentist for routine checkup had a significantly lower caries experience, DMFT, DMFS, and DT than the irregular attenders, and those with low socio-economic background were more likely to have a high DMFS.     

Risk Determinants of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status in 3–15 Year-Old Recent Immigrant and Refugee Children in Saskatchewan,Canada: A Pilot Study

This study aimed to identify the risk determinants of caries and record oral hygiene status in recent immigrant and refugee children residing in Saskatoon and Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Convenience samples of 133, 3–15 year-old recent immigrant and refugee children, and 86 adult guardians were recruited. Clinical examination of children and survey of their guardians explored the presence of at least one decayed tooth in the child’s mouth; and the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, among other aspects in adult participants. Refugee children had statistically significant higher decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores (mean dmft/DMFT score 5.80 ± 4.24) than immigrant children (mean dmft/DMFT score 3.52 ± 3.78 (p < 0.001). Adult immigrants had significantly higher proficiency in English language, knowledge about preventive components like fluoride and dental floss compared to refugee adults. The results of this study confirm the poorer state of oral health among refugee and immigrant children compared to Canadian children.     

Oral health status and behaviours of preschool children in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a major public health problem in many countries. Since the last territority-wide dental survey of Hong Kong preschool children was conducted in 2001, a survey to update the information is necessary. This study aimed to describe the dental caries experience of preschool children in Hong Kong and factors affecting their dental caries status. METHODS: A stratified random sample of children from seven kindergartens in Hong Kong was surveyed in 2009. Ethical approval from IRB and parental consent was obtained. Clinical examinations of the children were performed by two calibrated examiners using disposable dental mirrors, an intra-oral LED light and ball-ended periodontal probes. A questionnaire to investigate possible explanatory factors for caries status was completed by the children's parents. Caries experience was recorded using the dmft index. Multifactor-ANOVA was used to study the relationship between dental caries experience, and the background and oral health-related behaviours of the children. RESULTS: Seven hundred children (53% boys), mean age 5.3 +/- 0.7 years were examined. The mean dmft score of the surveyed children was 2.2 and 51% of them had no caries experience (dmft = 0). Most (>95%) of the decayed teeth were untreated. Statistically significant correlations were found between dental caries experience of the children and their oral health-related habits, family income, parental education level and parental dental knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Early childhood dental caries was prevalent among the preschool children in Hong Kong. Their caries experience was associated with their oral health-related behaviours, socio-economic background, and parental education and dental knowledge.     

绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年龋病与牙颌面畸形的相关性研究

目的 调查绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年龋病发生情况,分析龋病对牙颌面畸形的影响。方法 采用分层整群抽样法选择绵阳市12所中小学的6~18岁儿童、青少年,检查其龋病及牙颌面畸形的发生情况,分析其龋病与牙颌面畸形的相关性。结果 共调查绵阳市6~18岁儿童、青少年3 005人,男1 589人,女1 416人,平均年龄（12.06±5.99）岁。龋病患病率为51.31%（1 542/3 005）。不同年龄组的患龋率、龋均、乳牙龋失补牙面数/恒牙龋失补牙面数（dmft/DMFT）差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,其中6~9岁、10~12岁患龋率、龋均、dmft/DMFT和龋病活跃性（CAT）均较高。共检出1 382例牙颌面畸形,Logistic回归分析结果显示不良口腔习惯（OR=2.151）、龋病（OR=1.690）、dmft/DMFT越多（OR=2.061）,儿童、青少年发生牙颌面畸形的风险越大。结论 6~12岁是绵阳市儿童、青少年龋病高发年龄,龋病、因龋失牙是导致6~18岁儿童、青少年牙颌面畸形的危险因素。     

Dental caries among Australian Aboriginal, non-Aboriginal Australian-born, and overseas-born children.

Few studies have specifically compared the prevalence of dental caries among contemporary Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Historically, Aboriginal groups have had substantially fewer dental caries than non-Aboriginal peoples. More recently, however, this trend appears to have been reversed, with improvements in the oral health of non-Aboriginal children and a deterioration in that of Aboriginal children; this tendency has important implications for dental health services. This study compared the caries experience among a weighted sample of Community Dental Service patients aged 4-13 years for the period January-December 1992 among 4138 Aboriginal children, 9674 non-Aboriginal Australian-born children, and 957 overseas-born children resident in Northern Territory, Australia. The outcomes considered included the aggregate numbers of decayed, missing and filled deciduous (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) teeth. Oral disease experience and prevalence of untreated oral disease were higher among Aboriginal and overseas-born children. An analysis of variance using planned comparisons indicated that there were significantly more decayed teeth and higher aggregate caries experience in the deciduous and permanent dentition of Aboriginal and overseas-born children than of non-Aboriginal Australian-born children, while overseas-born children also had more fillings and fissure sealants than the non-Aboriginal Australian-born children.     

Prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren in the rural area of Itapetininga, São Paulo State, Brazil

The present study is an attempt to characterize dental needs of the rural population in Itapetininga, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. One single dentist examined 291 children ages 5 and 12 years in rural schools, adopting WHO criteria for oral health surveys. Parents reported their children's socioeconomic characteristics and habits. Non-primary data gathered by the Brazilian health authority supplied information regarding the schoolchildren in the urban area of the town. Caries indices ranked as follows: dmft = 2.63 (5-year-old children) and DMFT = 2.45 (12-year-old children). The decayed component comprised 85.6% of the dmft and 34.2% of the DMFT, indicating limited utilization of dental treatment by children with decayed deciduous teeth. Caries prevalence was higher in rural schoolchildren than in their urban counterparts. Analysis of the results aims to improve planning of dental care.     

Oral health of school children in Ceuta. Influences of age, sex, ethnic background and socioeconomic level

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is that of gauging the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion among the school-age population of Ceuta and the spread thereof by age, sex, ethnic background and father's occupation. METHODS: Prevalence survey of a multistage, stratified, random sample of schoolchildren 7, 12 and 14 years of age (n = 347) in order to calculate DMFT and dmft indexes--permanent and deciduous dentition--, CPITN and malocclusion. Assessment of the statistical significance of the differences encountered according to age, sex, ethnic background and socioeconomic status using the Chi-Square, Student T and Snedecor F tests. To calculate, among schoolchildren ages 12 and 14, the odds ratios of showing a DMFT index over 4 and their 95% confidence intervals by gender, ethnic background and the socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Dmft (decayed, filled and missing teeth) was 3.02 at 7 and DMFT was 3.91 at 12 and 4.46 at 14. Odds ratios of DMFT > 4 were 2.26 by gender (95% CI = 1.27-4.05), 2.17 by ethnic group (95% CI = 1.18-3.99) and 1.8 by SES (95% CI = 0.85-3.81). In schoolchildren of low SES--unemployed father's--OR by ethnic group was 1.37 (95% CI = 0.28-7.0). No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of malocclusion and periodontal disease--except by age. CONCLUSIONS: Dmft and DMFT values are in Ceuta higher than the mean national values and the proposed value of the WHO for the year 2000. Risk of DMFT higher than the median is 2.3 in girls compared with boys, 2.17 in Moslem compared with non Moslem and 1.8 in low SES schoolchildren--unemployed father's--compared to other SES schoolchildren. The increased risk related to ethnic background is influenced by SES.     

Relationship between caries prevalence and fissure sealants among 12-year-old German children at three educational strata

Summary Objectives:To investigate the relationship between caries prevalence and fissure sealants among 12-year-old German children at three educational levels. Methods:In 1998 a cross-sectional investigation which comprised 60 % of the 12-year-old children was performed in Heidelberg, Germany. The children attended three types of schools: Gymnasium, Hauptschule, and Realschule. The children received a dental examination. Teeth with caries experience were recorded according to WHO criteria, and teeth with a fissure sealant were also noted. Results:The mean number of fissure sealed teeth per child was 2.49 (Gymnasium), 2.31 (Realschule) and 1.17 (Hauptschule). In children who attended a Gymnasium the mean DMFT scores were the lowest (0.87 in children with fissure sealant and 1.31 in children without fissure sealant). The corresponding values for children who attended a Realschule were distinctly higher. The highest mean DMFT scores (2.14 and 3.48, resp.) were observed in children who attended a Hauptschule. The proportion of caries-free children was higher in all three types of school when fissure sealants were present. Conclusions:In spite of a high prevalence of fissure sealants there is an unequal caries experience among 12-year-old children from different educational strata. To improve this situation, persons important to promotion of dental health should do all their part to ensure that fissure sealants are applied to permanent teeth as early as possible, especially when children have caries experience in their primary dentition.     

Dental caries experience in children at public and private schools from a city with fluoridated water

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between type of school as a measure of socioeconomic conditions and caries prevalence among preschoolers and schoolchildren in Rio Claro, S?o Paulo State, Brazil, a city with fluoridated water supply. The data were secondary, from a sample of 888 children 5 to 12 years old enrolled in private and public schools. Caries was measured by the dmft and DMFT indices as well as the Care index. Qui-square and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized with 5% significance. In 5-year-old children, mean dmft was 2.50, and 42.20% were caries-free. At age 12, mean DMFT was 2.70 and 28.90% were caries-free. Caries prevalence rates in public schoolchildren as compared to private were 74.50% and 61.20%, respectively (p < 0.0001), and the dmft and DMFT scores were the highest in public schoolchildren (p < 0.05). The Care Index was higher in private schoolchildren (71.20%) as compared to public (52.80%). Highest caries rates were found among public schoolchildren, so the variable type of school proved sensitive for discriminating different oral health conditions; however limitations need to be recognized, suggesting that other variables should be assessed.