首诊眼科的外伤性动静脉海绵窦瘘分析

目的探讨外伤性动静脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)患者的眼科临床特点、影像学检查特点及其诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析5例首诊眼科的TCCF患者的临床资料。结果 5例TCCF经血管内介入治疗后,症状体征均消退,瘘口消失。结论 DSA检查及血管内栓塞技术是较理想的诊断及治疗方法,超声、CT、MRI等影像学检查对 TCCF的诊断各有所长,可作为辅助手段。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘8例分析

目的探讨外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗的价值与效果。方法回顾性地分析8例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部表现、影像学特点及血管内栓塞治疗情况。结果8例患者均诊断正确。8例TCCF通过DSA技术,采用可脱性球囊行血管内栓塞治疗,7例成功(成功率87.5%),1例采用弹簧圈堵塞近瘘口处血管。治疗后全部病例均获成功,临床症状和体征消失,无1例复发。结论特征性眼部表现及超声、CT、MRI可确诊TCCF,DSA检查及血管内栓塞技术是目前TCCF最理想的诊断和治疗方法。     

外伤性颈内动脉—海绵瘘的DSA血管内治疗

目的：探讨数字减影血管造影（Digital subtraction angiography,DSA)及血管内治疗对外伤性颈内动脉-海绵瘘（Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula,TCCF)的诊断及治疗价值。方法：对9例以搏动性突眼为主要症状的海绵窦瘘患者行DSA检查及行可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗总结分析。结果：9例患者均成功栓塞瘘口且保留载瘤动脉通畅。结论：DSA检查和血管内栓塞治疗是TCCF理想的诊断与治疗方法。     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床观察分析

目的 探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的I临床表现及诊断要点.并观察其治疗结果.方法 回顾分析6例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的lf缶床症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法及随访结果.结果 4例患者行瘘口栓塞术,其中3例瘘口闭塞,症状及体征明显好转,视力恢复,眼压保持正常范围;1例瘘口未完全闭塞,继发新生血管性青光眼.2例患者未行瘘口栓塞术.结论 海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者早期眼部的体征和症状不典型,易导致误诊和漏诊.结合相应的辅助检查有助于明确诊断.治疗方案的选择须综合考虑瘘口大小、引流量的大小、临床症状以及患者年龄、病程、全身状况等多种因素,制定个体化的治疗方案、选择合适的栓塞材料.     

颈动脉-海绵窦瘘致突眼临床分析

颈动脉-海绵窦瘘（carotid caverous fistula,CCF）是一种比较常见的神经眼科综合征。80％以上首先发生眼部症状和体征就诊眼科。我院2003～2005年首诊了CCF患者6例,现报告如下： 资料和方法 一、一般资料颈动脉．海绵窦瘘患者6例,男4例,女2例;年龄28～48岁,平均36岁;其中外伤性颈动脉．海绵窦瘘（traumatic carotid caverous fistula,TCCF）4例,自发性颈动脉-海绵窦瘘（spontaneous carotid cavercus fistum,SCCF）2例;右眼4例,左眼2例。     

外伤性搏动性眼球突出的可脱性球囊栓塞手术

目的 探讨外伤性搏动性眼球突出(颈动脉海绵窦瘘)使用可脱性球囊介入手术栓塞治疗的方法、结果和技术特点。方法 分析应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗的外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘19例，数字影像监测下采用可脱性球囊闭塞瘘口或闭塞患侧颈内动脉。结果 19例中，15例(78．9％)保持了颈内动脉通肠、4例(21．1％)闭塞了颈内动脉，术后临床症状逐渐消失：结论 应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘是目前最理想的治疗方法，具有手术创伤小、安全性高和疗效可靠等优点。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘致搏动性眼球突出24例的治疗体会

目的探讨创伤性TCCF所致搏动性眼球突出最佳治疗方法。方法分别采用开颅行颈部颈内动脉结扎和颅内动脉结扎;开颅行海绵窦内铜丝堵塞瘘口术;用介入治疗方法行微弹簧圈TCCF栓塞术。结果颈内动脉,海绵窦瘘孤立手术2例治愈,但术后眼球回缩迟缓。铜丝血栓凝固术2例,术后出现严重头痛月余。微弹簧圈栓塞20例,搏动性突眼立即或逐渐消失。结论微弹簧圈栓塞是治疗TCCF致搏动性突眼的有效方法。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的影像学诊断及血管内栓塞治疗

目的 评价颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)应用影像学诊断及血管内栓塞治疗的价值。方法 分析23例颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部表现、影像特点。进行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 全部病例最终获正确诊断。19例行血管内栓塞术者，16例1次成功，2例行2次栓塞成功，1例失败。术后视力除3例术前失明未恢复外，16例较术前提高。眼部及颅内有关症状和体征全部消失或明显改善。结论 特征性眼部表现。超声、CT、选择性全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)是诊断CCF的有效方法。血管内栓塞技术是目前CCF治疗的最理想方法。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部表现与血管内治疗

目的：分析颈动脉海棉窦瘘的眼部临床特点，评价血管内治疗的效果。方法：回顾分析126例经全脑血管造影证实为颈动脉海绵窦瘘患的病史、眼部表现、临床特点及进行的可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果：手术1次性栓塞成功112例(88．9％)，14例行2次栓塞。术后无并发症。98例视力较术前提高1～4行(国际标准视力表)。术后眼部淤血肿胀、眼球突出度均明显减轻或消失，眼球运动恢复正常，复视消失，视网膜出血吸收。眼部血管杂音全部消失，术后脑血管造影，瘘口均封闭。结论：对于颈动脉海绵窦瘘应及时治疗，尽快改善眼部淤血状态，以利于视功能恢复。血管内栓塞是目前治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘最为理想的方法。     

自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现的临床分析

目的:探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现特点及诊断要点,提高对该病的认识,减少临床漏诊、误诊。方法:回顾分析14例就诊于我院的自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法等。结果:所选14例病例中最常见的眼部表现为眼球突出(100%)、结膜及浅层巩膜充血扩张(93%)。行CT或MRI检查的12例病例中,眼上静脉增粗者9例,海绵窦增宽或高信号者6例。4例行栓塞治疗者眼部症状和体征得到明显改善。结论:自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部临床谱广泛多样,特征性眼部表现结合影像学检查可有效提高诊断。栓塞治疗对改善眼部表现效果明显。     

外伤性颈动脉-海绵窦瘘诊断及血管内栓治疗

目的：探讨利用介入神经放射技术对外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘在眼科的诊断和治疗的应用价值。方法：对外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘高度怀疑的病人,利用德国产MULTISTAR PLUS／TOP数字减影血管造影仪,经股动脉插管选择性全脑血管造影,明确诊断及瘘口部位,行血管内可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果：眼部及颅内血管杂音消失,眼部充血明显好转,突眼恢复正常,眼球运动功能明显改善,眼底视盘清晰,例一视神经萎缩视力无提高,例二视力无进一步损害。结论：明确的颅脑外伤史,特征性的眼部表现,先进的介入神经放射技术的利用,是眼科诊断和治疗外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘的有效的方法。     

经眼上静脉栓塞治疗难治性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的短期疗效观察

目的 探讨经眼上静脉栓塞治疗难治性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的临床疗效.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象11例经全脑血管数字减影确诊的颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者,均为传统动脉入路治疗失败或复发者.方法 所有患者均行经眼上静脉微弹簧圈或液体胶栓塞治疗.主要指标视力、眼球突出度、眼球运动、复视、结膜充血、眼底改变.结果 随访1周～3个月,11例患者均临床治愈.6例患者突眼消失,5例改善;8例结膜充血消失,3例减轻;3例视力下降患者中,1例恢复正常,2例提高;颅内杂音及复视全部消失,眼球运动恢复正常.结论 多学科合作经眼上静脉栓塞介入治疗难治性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Clinical spectrum of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula

A carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system. A CCF is divided into two categories, direct and indirect. Direct fistulas usually account for 70 to 90% of all CCF. Spontaneous, low-flow fistulas are usually associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension and collagen vascular disease or may develop in females during peripartum period. The elderly age group, especially women are at increased risk. We report three cases of spontaneous CCF presenting with ocular manifestations and hypertension, without any collagen vascular disease. One case was a direct variety and the other two were of indirect variety.     

Carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas: ocular features,diagnostic and hemodynamic considerations in relation to visual impairment and morbidity

The author investigated 101 cases with direct dural carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas (CCF). The characteristic clinical findings, such as specific epibulbar arterialized loops, are described and the differential diagnosis of the striking diagnostic triad (exophthalmos, the above-mentioned loops and glaucoma) is discussed, together with the exclusion criteria for other causes of red eyes, episcleral measurements and blood flow. The results of various diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography, Doppler hematotachography and color Doppler of the orbit and carotid systems, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and of conservative treatment and embolization processes are dealt with successively. The classification of different types of carotid-cavernous fistulas is presented,(1-3) together with the clinical signs in relation to morbidity and mortality during or after conservative or intervention therapies. The importance of patient follow-up, in the clinic as well as with Doppler methods, is emphasized in order to differentiate a progressive or diminished clinical condition caused by spontaneous thrombosis in the healing process or more arteriovenous flow. A 'decision tree' for use in daily practice is provided. In this study, of the 101 cases in which the localization was diagnosed by angiography, 42 were direct (30 traumatic, 12 spontaneous), 31 were dural (3 traumatic, 28 spontaneous) and 10 were orbital CCFs. In 18 other cases, usually dural or orbital shunts, angiography was not performed. For the management of 42 direct fistulas, conservative treatment was used in 12 cases (7 with success; 58%) and balloon embolization was performed in 18 cases (17 with success; 94.5%); the other cases were treated by direct or indirect surgery. Of the 48 (spontaneous and traumatic) dural fistulas, 39 were treated conservatively (32 recovered or were much improved: 82%, of the total cases, 67%). All seven cases in which embolization was performed were cured and/or much improved. In two cases, one fistula was conservatively treated while one was embolized at another location, both with success. Of the 10 orbital arteriovenous shunts showing signs of dural fistulas, the features disappeared in 8 cases, although after a much longer follow-up period than for the typical dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas; in one patient, direct surgery was performed successfully and in one patient the original, non-progressive, orbital features could still be observed.     

Carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas: ocular features,diagnostic and hemodynamic considerations in relation to visual impairment and morbidity

The author investigated 101 cases with direct dural carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas (CCF). The characteristic clinical findings, such as specific epibulbar arterialized loops, are described and the differential diagnosis of the striking diagnostic triad (exophthalmos, the above-mentioned loops and glaucoma) is discussed, together with the exclusion criteria for other causes of red eyes, episcleral measurements and blood flow. The results of various diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography, Doppler hematotachography and color Doppler of the orbit and carotid systems, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and of conservative treatment and embolization processes are dealt with successively.The classification of different types of carotid-cavernous fistulas is presented, together with the clinical signs in relation to morbidity and mortality during or after conservative or intervention therapies.The importance of patient follow-up, in the clinic as well as with Doppler methods, is emphasized in order to differentiate a progressive or diminished clinical condition caused by spontaneous thrombosis in the healing process or more arteriovenous flow. A ‘decision tree’ for use in daily practice is provided. In this study, of the 101 cases in which the localization was diagnosed by angiography, 42 were direct (30 traumatic, 12 spontaneous), 31 were dural (3 traumatic, 28 spontaneous) and 10 were orbital CCFs. In 18 other cases, usually dural or orbital shunts, angiography was not performed. For the management of 42 direct fistulas, conservative treatment was used in 12 cases (7 with success; 58%) and balloon embolization was performed in 18 cases (17 with success; 94.5%); the other cases were treated by direct or indirect surgery. Of the 48 (spontaneous and traumatic) dural fistulas, 39 were treated conservatively (32 recovered or were much improved: 82%, of the total cases, 67%). All seven cases in which embolization was performed were cured and/or much improved. In two cases, one fistula was conservatively treated while one was embolized at another location, both with success. Of the 10 orbital arteriovenous shunts showing signs of dural fistulas, the features disappeared in 8 cases, although after a much longer follow-up period than for the typical dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas; in one patient, direct surgery was performed successfully and in one patient the original, non-progressive, orbital features could still be observed.