恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉压迫综合征的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用介入方法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征（SVCS）的疗效及临床意义。方法：24例上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者,经右侧股静脉入路,以猪尾巴导管于狭窄段近端或远端造影,明确狭窄部位、长度、程度,无局部血栓形成者直接置入Wallstent支架（Boston Scientific,USA）,合并血栓病例留置溶栓导管局部溶栓后再置入支架。结果：24例全部开通成功,手术成功率100%,狭窄段平均长度4.6 cm（3～7 cm）。3例置入2枚支架,其余患者均置入1枚支架。9例在支架置入前行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧卧位测静脉压,术前（27.3±1.8）cmH2O,术后降至（4.5±0.8）cmH2O,置入支架后造影示侧支静脉完全消失,上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后即刻至术后3 d完全消退。随访8～26个月,11例术后5～10个月内死亡,13例存活,所有病例上腔静脉阻塞症状未再复发。结论：上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管局部溶栓是治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法。     

经皮上腔静脉成型术治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征

目的　探讨经皮上腔静脉支架成型术治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征的方法及临床价值。方法　上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者 1 5例 ,包括肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移 1 0例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 3例 ,食管癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移 2例 ,均先行右锁骨下静脉或肘静脉穿刺插管至阻塞上段作造影、测压 ,显示阻塞的部位、程度、侧支循环及有无血栓等情况 ,再经右侧股静脉穿刺入路置放上腔静脉支架。结果　 1 5例患者均 1次成功地植入上腔静脉支架 ,1例患者因狭窄范围超过 1 0cm而导入 2枚支架 ,其余均置入 1枚支架。术后造影显示血流恢复通畅 ,手术前后梗阻远端测压从术前的 (30 .5± 2 .3)cmH2 O降到术后的 (8.8±1 .5 )cmH2 O(均为卧位测压 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 )。术后造影侧支静脉不再显影 ,上腔静脉阻塞症状明显改善 ,随访 6个月 ,除 1例患者因合并血栓经局部溶栓、球囊扩张治疗后症状改善 ,其余患者均无阻塞症状复发。结论　经皮上腔静脉成型术创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切 ,是治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征的有效方法。     

下腔静脉支架置入后肝静脉成形术的临床应用

目的探讨下腔静脉支架置入后行肝静脉成形术的可行性及效果。方法11例BuddChiari综合征(BCS)患者曾在外院经历了下腔静脉支架置入治疗,但9例患者术后腹水不能消退,2例于术后3个月腹水重新产生。经下腔静脉支架内行阻塞肝静脉的球囊扩张和支架置入治疗。结果11例患者皆经下腔静脉支架行肝静脉重建成功,术后临床症状消失或明显改善,平均肝静脉压力从(45.12±1.57)cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa)降到(17.53±0.68)cmH2O(t=53.4829,P<0.01)。随访4～30个月(平均13.6个月),无一例复发。结论经下腔静脉支架行闭塞肝静脉的重建是1种可行而有效的治疗方法,但是,重建有一定难度。     

应用腔静脉Z型支架治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征

目的:评价国产腔静脉Z型支架治疗肺癌所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征的临床价值。方法:本组19例肺癌患者中,右肺上叶病变直接导致上腔静脉阻塞12例,纵隔淋巴结转移导致上腔静脉阻塞7例。右股静脉入路,将导管送入狭窄段远端并行DSA检查,测量狭窄段的长度和正常上腔静脉的直径。理想的支架直径应大于正常上腔静脉直径10%,支架长度应越过狭窄段两端1~2cm。术后应用透视或胸片观察支架位置,Doppler随访支架开通情况。结果:放置支架成功后,造影显示对比剂顺利通过开通的支架内,侧枝循环消失,平均上腔静脉压力由术前的27.3±8.4cmH2O降为14.2±3.7cmH2O,支架放置前后对比差异有显著性意义。结论:应用国产腔静脉Z型支架治疗肺癌伴上腔静脉阻塞综合征是微创、有效的治疗方法。     

肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的内支架治疗

目的：探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞内支架置入术的疗效。材料和方法：108例肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞患者先作下腔静脉造影，用导丝通过狭窄段，置放Z型国产金属内支架，观察侧支循环、造影剂通过状况，测量狭窄段宽度及静脉压差。结果：108例均成功置入血管内支架，之后行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术。100例获良好血流动力改善，静脉压差明显降低，狭窄段宽度显著提高，侧支关闭；临床症状与体征在2－7天内减轻或消失；本组未出现明显并发症；80例随访6个月，支架保持通畅。结论：内支架置入术是治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤所致肝段下腔静脉狭窄的有效方法。     

姑息性内支架置入术治疗累及右心房的恶性下腔静脉阻塞

目的 探讨右心房及下腔静脉内联合置入内支架治疗累及右心房的恶性下腔静脉狭窄的安全性与疗效。方法 5例男性晚期肝癌患者，年龄42－65岁，平均56．3岁，肿瘤侵及下腔静脉和右心房下腔静脉入口引起下腔静脉阻塞，产生肝肿大，腹水，下肢水肿等症状和体征，选用Z形自膨胀不锈 内支架，长度7．5－10.0cm，直径2．5cm，将其部分置入右心房，大部分置入下腔静脉，以开通阻塞的下腔静脉，心腔段内支架置入长度1－3cm，结果 内支架均置入成功，阻塞的下腔静脉全部开通，患者下腔静脉阻塞症状和体征均明显减轻或消失，随访67－188天，下腔静脉阻塞症状未见复发，也无与内支架入有关的心脏并发症，结论 对累及右心房的恶性下腔静脉狭窄采用右心房和下腔静脉联合内支架置入术是一种安全，有效的治疗方法。     

原发性肝癌致下腔静脉梗阻的介入性开通治疗

目的：评价原发性肝癌引起的下腔静脉恶性梗阻Z形自膨式腔内支架介入治疗的疗效。方法：对46例原发性肝癌所致下腔静脉恶性梗阻患者采用Z形自膨式金属内支架治疗。术前对患者行CT或MRI查了解下腔静脉梗阻情况及临床梗阻症状。放置支架前后分别行下腔静脉造影,测量梗阻段两端压力差。术后每1～2个月行下腔静脉造影或CT检查随访支架通常情况。结果：46例患者梗阻下腔静脉均开通成功,手术成功率100％（46／46）。2例患者因梗阻段超过10cm而置入2个支架,其余均置入1个支架。开通前后下腔静脉压由术前2．4±0．5kPa降至0．6±0．12kPa。经t检验,开通前后下腔静脉狭窄端压力变化具有非常显著差异（t=3．135,P〈0．05）。术后1～5天患者症状明显改善,未见严重并发症发生。随访2～10个月,4例患者出现下腔静脉再狭窄,支架通畅率为91．3％（42／46）。结论：置入Z形自膨式金属支架,是对原发性肝癌引起的下腔静脉梗阻一种安全有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

肝静脉型Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗

目的　探讨肝静脉型Budd Chiari综合征介入治疗方法选择和疗效的评估。方法　 36例肝静脉型Budd Chiari综合征患者 ,肝功能Child分级 :A级 9例 ,B级 2 1例 ,C级 6例。术前常规行腹部彩超检查及胃镜检查 ,31例患者行CT扫描及肝脏血管重建。介入治疗方法 :经颈静脉 (股静脉 ) 下腔静脉途径行肝静脉 (或副肝静脉 )开通 ;经皮经肝穿刺肝静脉途径行肝静脉开通 ;经颈静脉行肝内门 腔静脉支架分流术 (改良式TIPS)。术中常规行肝静脉、门静脉造影和测压和下腔静脉造影 ,术后给予护肝、抗感染及长期口服阿司匹林和双嘧达莫抗凝治疗。结果　 19例患者行肝静脉球囊扩张术 ,其中 14例患者扩张后置入网状内支架共 18枚。 5例患者经股静脉穿刺行副肝静脉球囊扩张术 ,其中 4例患者扩张后共置入网状内支架 4枚。 2 4例患者术后肝静脉 (或副肝静脉 )压力均明显降低 ,术前肝静脉 (或副肝静脉 )压力为 (37.4± 5 .2 )cmH2 O(2 6 .3～ 5 2 .5cmH2 O) ,PTA或内支架置入术后即刻降为 (2 1.4± 4 .6 )cmH2 O(12 .4～ 31.2cmH2 O) (T =12 .34,P <0 .0 1)。 12例患者行改良式TIPS术 ,分流前门静脉主干压力为 (4 5 .2± 3.5 )cmH2 O ,分流后降至 (2 0 .4± 4 .1)cmH2 O。结论　肝静脉型Budd Chiari综合征可根据肝静脉闭塞和肝内侧     

Budd-Chiari综合征肝静脉闭塞的介入治疗

目的　评价Budd Chiari综合征患者肝静脉闭塞介入治疗方法及中远期疗效。方法42例Budd Chiari综合征患者 ,男 17例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 18～ 5 7岁 (平均 34 5岁 ) ;肝功能ChildA级 2 3例 ,B级 6例 ,C级 13例。共计 92条肝静脉闭塞 ,其中左肝静脉 2 9条 ,中肝静脉 2 4条 ,右肝静脉 36条 ,副肝静脉 3条。34例伴有下腔静脉狭窄或闭塞。肝静脉治疗方法包括 :( 1)闭塞肝静脉穿通 (经颈、股静脉、经皮肝穿肝静脉或上述两种途径并用 ) ;( 2 )球囊导管扩张 ;( 3)内支架置入。 32例同时行下腔静脉经皮腔内血管成形术 (PTA)或内支架治疗。结果　 40例患者的 40条肝静脉均成功开通。PTA治疗后 8例置入内支架。 32例下腔静脉均获通畅。术前肝静脉压力为 34 5cmH2 O ( 2 5 .0～ 48.0cmH2 O) ( 1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa) ,术后降为 2 2 0cmH2 O( 12 .0～ 35 .0cmH2 O) (T =11.5 0 ,P <0 0 1)。术后患者症状体征完全缓解 32例 ,8例部分缓解。随访 1～ 5 4个月 (平均 2 7 5个月 ) ,1例因肝功能衰竭术后 1个月死亡 ,2例因肝静脉闭塞经 2次介入治疗再次获得开通。 5例未再接受复查和治疗。余32例均无症状再发 ,超声检查均无肝静脉再闭塞发生 (平均 2 8 9个月 )。结论 ( 1)肝静脉闭塞介入治疗方法多样 ,可综合应用 ;( 2 )介入治     

国产金属内支架植入治疗下腔静脉良恶性节段性阻塞

目的　探讨植入国产金属支架介入治疗节段性良、恶性下腔静脉阻塞的临床价值。方法　 4 8例患者中良性阻塞 30例 ,完全性 8例 ,不完全性 2 2例 ;恶性阻塞 18例 ,完全性和不完全性各 9例。采用经皮股静脉途径植入国产下腔静脉支架。结果　 4 8例患者 ,平均病变长度 (5 .3± 2 .8)cm ,均一次手术成功 ,阻塞下方下腔静脉压由术前 (2 1.4± 5 .1)mmHg降为 (8.4± 3.3)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)。随访 3～36个月 ,术后下腔静脉通畅率为 83.3% ,无严重并发症 ;38例下腔静脉阻塞相关临床症状和体征完全消失 ,10例明显改善。结论　国产下腔静脉支架植入是治疗节段性良恶性下腔静脉阻塞的重要手段。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.