疣状胃炎140例分析

疣状胃炎（VG）是一种特殊形态的胃炎，其特点是胃粘膜上出单个或多个隆起性病变，病变表面中央凹陷，现将我院经内镜检查确诊的140例VG分析如下。     

胆囊息肉样病变的诊断与治疗胆囊息肉样病变的病因及发病机理

胆囊息肉样病变(PLG)又称胆囊隆起性病变，是指向胆囊内突出的局限性、息肉样、隆起性病变的总称。多为良性病变，分为非肿瘤性、肿瘤性两大类，大部分为非肿瘤性息肉样病变；常见的如胆固醇样息肉、炎性息肉，少见的如腺肌性增生、黄色肉芽肿、异位胃粘膜或异位胰腺组织。肿瘤样息肉病变常见的包括肿瘤和腺癌，此外血管瘤、脂肪瘤、平滑肌瘤、神     

血清脂质结合唾液酸诊断肠恶性肿瘤

目的研究血清脂质结合唾液酸（ＬＳＡ）诊断肠恶性肿瘤的价值。方法采用血清ＬＳＡ快速测定法测定２４４例肠疾病患者血清ＬＳＡ。部分患者同时测定血清ＣＥＡ。结果癌症组ＬＳＡ（１４３±５２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝５７）显著高于良性肿瘤和息肉组（９２±１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝２１），十二指肠溃疡组（８７±１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝２７），肠炎组（９２±２９ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝１００），及其它良性病组（９５±１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝２３）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以ＬＳＡ＞１１５ｍｇ／Ｌ为检测阳性，则对肠癌症诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度依次为７３．７％，９０．１％与８６．０％；其敏感率和准确度均高于血清ＣＥＡ测定。癌症转移组ＬＳＡ阳性率显著高于未转移组；癌根除术后复发转移者全部ＬＳＡ阳性，未见复发或转移者全为阴性。结论血清ＬＳＡ对肠癌诊断、转移及根除术后监测具有显著临床价值     

胃隆起性病变的鉴别诊断

本文分析了本院一年零１０个月内镜诊断的胃隆起性病变（ＧＰＬ）２４１例２５２个病灶，提出老年男性多见。在内镜下鉴别诊断时按日本山田分型，然后详细从正面、侧面观察隆起形态，表面性状，光滑程度、颜色、软硬度、活动度以及有无粘膜桥，可区分为粘膜层或粘膜下层之隆起，区分良恶性质，结合病理做出诊断。粘膜良性以炎性隆起，疣状胃炎，再生性息肉多见；恶性以ＢｏｒｒｍａｎⅠ型进展期癌较多，Ⅰ型早期胃癌较少。粘膜下层肿物（ＳＭＴ）较少见。对ＧＰＩ如能有较全面的认识，将对诊断隆起型胃癌、特别是隆起型早期胃癌具有重要意义。     

阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗胃癌癌前病变的胃粘膜形态学及幽门？…

用阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗胃癌癌前病变并比较治疗前后胃粘膜形态学、胃粘膜内幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）变化，结果用阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗后胃粘膜颗粒样或结节状隆起、充血水肿、糜烂、溃疡、粘膜变薄等变化明显减轻。治疗前后比较有极显著性差异，治疗组疗效亦明显高于对照组。治疗组对ＨＰ的感染具有抑制和清除效果，与对照组比较有极显著性差异，总有效率达８０．２３％     

胃癌及胃癌前病变患者中医证型与病理及Hp感染的关系

目的研究胃癌及胃癌前病变患者中医分型与病理组织学及Ｈｐ感染的关系．方法选取资料完整的慢性胃病患者之病理及临床资料２０３例进行中医分型、Ｈｐ检测和ＰＣＮＡ染色，对胃癌前病变（ｎ＝１３４）胃癌（ｎ＝３３）及对照组（浅表性胃炎，ｎ＝３６）等各组进行比较分析．结果中医分型与病理改变有一定的相关性，在浅表性胃炎中以寒热夹杂型为主，胃癌及胃癌前病变中以脾胃虚寒为主，而寒热夹杂型较少，在胃癌及胃癌前病变患者中未发现Ｈｐ感染与中医分型有明显关系，胃癌及癌前病变组Ｈｐ感染率（６２４％，６６７％～７９８％）明显高于对照组（３４１％），且发病年龄Ｈｐ阳性者明显低于Ｈｐ阴性者（４９９％ｖｓ５６７，４６１～５３８ｖｓ５３８～６２０，Ｐ＜００５），ＰＣＮＡＬＩ随病变程度的加重而升高（γ＝０９５１，Ｐ＜００２５）．结论Ｈｐ感染与胃癌及胃癌前病变的发生有密切关系．ＰＣＮＡＬＩ是反应胃粘膜病变严重程度的较客观的定量指标     

阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗胃癌癌前病变的胃粘膜形态学及幽门螺杆菌变化

用阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗胃癌癌前病变并比较治疗前后胃粘膜形态学、胃粘膜内幽门螺杆菌（HP）变化。结果用阻癌胃泰冲剂治疗后胃粘膜颗粒样或结节状隆起、充血水肿、糜烂、溃疡、粘膜变薄等变化明显减轻。治疗前后比较有极显著性差异（P＜0．01），治疗组疗效亦明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。治疗组对HP的感染具有抑制和清除效果，与对照组比较有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。总有效率达80．23％。     

内镜诊断食管癌109例

1临床资料本组109例，其中男73例，女36例，男女之比约2．01：1年龄36岁~79岁，36岁～49岁16例，50岁~59岁33例，60岁~69岁41例，70岁以上19例．吞咽困难者54例，上腹痛29例，胸骨后病10例。少数仅有咽部异物感（类烟炎症状），背痛、胸骨后痛或上腹部烧灼感，黑便、恶心、呕吐及消瘦，两助下隐癌根据食管癌病变部位分段标准（UICC，1987）．颈段2例，胸上段8例，胸中段56例，胸下段43例．主要表现为“菜花”样隆起、纵行隆起、环形狭窄、溃疡，少数仅表现为粘膜霜斑样改变，充血、糜烂，带蒂息肉鳞状细胞癌99例，腺癌6例，末分化癌4例2讨…     

NICE分型对结直肠息肉及早癌诊治准确性的研究

目的探讨国产非放大高清晰度分光染色（CBI）内镜应用NICE分型对结直肠息肉及早癌诊治的准确性,并为临床诊疗工作提供借鉴。 方法选取2015年12月至2017年10月行结肠镜检查发现结直肠息肉样病变的患者96例,应用非放大或放大CBI内镜对病变进行内镜下实时分型,并行相应治疗或取病理,最终与病理结果相对照,进行比较分析。 结果非放大CBI内镜应用NICE分型诊断肿瘤性病变的准确性、特异性、敏感性、阳性及阴性预测值分别为95.2%、72.73%、100%、94.4%、100%,2型和3型的病变与其对应的病理诊断进行一致性分析,kappa值为0.795（≥0.75）,说明具有理想的一致性,且一致性有统计学意义（P<0.01）。NICE分型与Sano分型对结直肠良性肿瘤性息肉和m-sm1癌与sm2-3癌相鉴别的一致性分析得到,kappa值为0.795,说明具有理想的一致性,且一致性有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论国产非放大CBI内镜应用NICE对结直肠息肉及早癌的诊治有良好的准确性,有助于结直肠息肉及早癌的鉴别诊断,避免不必要的治疗,节省医疗资源。     

单发胆囊息肉样病变55例分析

本文报告经手术和病理证实的单发胆囊息肉样病变５５例，经Ｂ超和病理类型综合分析，提示癌危息肉与病变单发、大小、部位Ｂ超形态、年龄五个因素有关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以期通过Ｂ超表现来推断单发息肉样病变的病理类型、并进行了Ｂ超分型。本文对３３例前瞻性考核的符合率为９３．９％，避免了盲目性胆囊切除，又未使癌危病变漏诊。     

Missed diagnosis of early gastric cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

AIM: To investigate the causes of missed diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in Chongqing, China. METHODS: The present study summarizes 103 cases of EGC/HGIN detected by esophagogastroduodenos-copy (EGD) and pathological analysis from January 2010 to December 2011. Dimethyl silicone oil was administrated orally 15 min before the EGD procedures. The stomach was cleaned by repeated washing with saline when the gastroscope entered the stomach cavity. Suspected EGC lesions were subject to conventional biopsy sampling and pathological examinations. The correlation between lesion locations, endoscopic morphology of cancerous sites, training level of the examiners, pathological biopsies, and missed diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases were missed among the 103 cases (22.23%) of EGC/HGIN. The rate of missed EGC in the gastroesophageal junction (8/19, 42.1%) was significantly higher than at other sites (15/84, 17.86%) (χ2 = 5.253, P = 0.022). In contrast, the rate of missed EGC in the lower stomach body (2/14, 14.29%) was lower than at other sites (21/89,23.6%), but there were no significant differences (χ2 = 0.289, P = 0.591). The rate of missed EGC in the gastric antrum (5/33, 15.15%) was lower than at other sites (18/70, 25.71%), but there were no significant differences (χ2 = 1.443, P = 0.230). Endoscopists from less prestigious hospitals were more prone to not diagnosing EGC than those from more prestigious hospitals (χ2 = 4.261, P = 0.039). When the number of biopsies was < 4, the rate of missed diagnosis was higher (20/23, 89.96%) than for when there were > 4 biopsies (3/23, 13.04%) (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in the rate of missed diagnosis in patients with 1-3 biopsy specimens (χ2 = 0.141, P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Endoscopists should have a clear understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the esophagus/stomach, and endoscopic identification of early lesions increases with the number of biopsie     

Endoscopic ultrasound and computer tomography are inaccurate methods of classifying cystic pancreatic lesions

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in imaging modalities, preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions remains difficult. AIM: To assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and computer tomography to preoperatively distinguish benign from potentially malignant and malignant pancreatic cystic lesions. METHODS: Photograph series obtained from endoscopic ultrasound examinations of 66 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions were blindly reviewed by three endoscopic ultrasonographers. Forty-one of those 66 patients also underwent a computer tomography scan at our institution, which was blindly reviewed by a single radiologist. Computer tomography and endoscopic ultrasound classification into benign and malignant and potentially malignant pancreatic cystic lesions was correlated with the final diagnosis, which was established by surgical pathology (n = 43), diagnostic fine needle aspiration (n = 13) or follow-up imaging (n = 10). Interobserver agreement was measured using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Endoscopic ultrasound classification by the three examiners into benign versus malignant or potentially malignant cystic lesions was correct in 65-67%. Interobserver agreement was 50%. Kappa values for pairs of endoscopic ultrasound examiners were 0.16, 0.43 and 0.53. Computer tomography classification was correct in 71% and in agreement with the endoscopic ultrasound classification in 56-61% (kappa 0.12 to 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasound and computer tomography cannot accurately distinguish between benign pancreatic cystic lesions and malignant or potentially malignant ones. There is poor-to-modest interobserver agreement in classifying these lesions.     

Endoscopic cryotherapy for the treatment of bleeding mucosal vascular lesions of the GI tract: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Thermal therapy is the cornerstone of endoscopic treatment of bleeding mucosal lesions of the GI tract. However, there is a 20% failure rate and contact devices may be cumbersome in the treatment of large bleeding areas. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic cryotherapy for bleeding mucosal vascular lesions. METHODS: Patients with recurrent bleeding from diffuse mucosal vascular lesions were treated with cryotherapy and had endoscopic and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with gastric and duodenal arteriovenous malformations (n = 7), watermelon stomach (n = 7), radiation-induced gastritis (n = 5), and radiation-induced proctitis (n = 7) were treated with mean of 3.4 (1.6) sessions. The best results were achieved in patients with radiation-induced proctitis, with cessation of bleeding in all 7 patients. Cryotherapy was also effective in patients with multiple arteriovenous malformations (86%) and watermelon stomach (71%). It was less effective in patients with radiation-induced damage to stomach and duodenum, although all patients in this group were debilitated because of disseminated malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Cryotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for bleeding from diffuse mucosal lesions of the GI tract. Bleeding from radiation-induced proctitis and multiple arteriovenous malformations is particularly responsive to endoscopic cryotherapy.     

How can colorectal neoplasms be treated during colonoscopy？

AIM: For many physicians who ordinarily treat patients with colonic diseases, colonoscopy is considered a prime study interest. Developments in colonoscopic equipment and methods have led to a large number of endoscopic diagnoses and treatment for colorectal neoplasms. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for colorectal neoplastic lesions. METHODS: From September 1999 to May 2003,11 447 consecutive colonoscopic examinations in 9 864 patients were gathered; totaling 5 502 endoscopic treatments for colorectal neoplasms. Macroscopic characteristics of the neoplasms were classified into protruded (n=3 953), sessile (n=1 402), lateral spreading tumor (n=139) and depressed lesions (n=8). Snare polypectomy was conducted in 3 984 lesions, hot forcep removal in 1 368 lesions, and endoscopic mucosal resection in 150 lesions. RESULTS: Histological diagnoses were 4 596 neoplastic lesions (4 376 adenomas and 220 adenocarcinomas) and 906 non-neoplastic lesions (891 hyperplastic and 15 inflammatory polyps). For the adenocarcinoma group, 31 instances involved submucosal invasion or resection margin, who received further operations, while 13 surgical specimens discovered no residual tumors. Three perforations and 96 bleedings were found following endoscopic treatment. No procedure-related mortality was found and no recurrent malignancy was found after 1456 mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: To lower the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer, endoscopic treatment for colorectal neoplasms is a simple and safe procedure.     

肠道脂肪瘤的诊断和治疗

背景：肠道脂肪瘤是一种较为少见的肠道良性肿瘤，其临床表现缺乏特异性，难以在术前明确诊断。目的：分析肠道脂肪瘤的主要临床表现和诊治方法，以提高其诊断和治疗的准确性。方法：回顾分析我院1993年1月～2003年1月收治的7例肠道脂肪瘤患者的临床表现及其诊断和治疗经过。结果：除1例患者无症状外。其余6例肠道脂肪瘤患者均以腹痛和(或)便血为主要临床表现。6例行结肠镜等辅助检查者中。仅1例明确诊断。6例患者行外科手术治疗，术后均痊愈，术后病理检查显示4例为黏膜下脂肪瘤，2例为肌壁间脂肪瘤。1例经结肠镜活检明确诊断者因无症状而定期随访。结论：影像学检查和结肠镜检查有助于肠道脂肪瘤的术前诊断，可根据肿瘤大小、有蒂或无蒂选择行经内镜电切术或局部肠段切除术。     

Aspirin and gastroduodenal toxicity. A double-blind endoscopic study of the effects of placebo, aspirin and lysine acetylsalicylate in healthy subjects

The aim of this double-blind endoscopic study was to compare the effects of placebo (group I, 5 patients), lysine acetylsalicylate (group II, 7 patients) and acetylsalicylic acid (group III, 7 patients) on the gastric and duodenal mucosa in healthy humans. Endoscopy was performed before and one hour after endoscopic instillation of aspirin (500 mg) or placebo in the stomach. Endoscopy was repeated after one week of aspirin-treatment (2 g per day) or placebo. Endoscopic findings were graded from 0 to 6 with regard to the aspect of the lesions (petechiae, erosions, ulcers) and to their number (less than 10; greater than 10). One hour after placebo instillation endoscopic findings were normal in all the patients of group I. Three and 5 patients of groups II and III, respectively, developed gastric lesions but none had duodenal lesions. At day 8 only one subject from group I had gastric petechiae. After one week of aspirin-treatment, 13 out of the 14 subjects of groups II and III developed gastric lesions and 3 in each group had duodenal lesions. The endoscopic score was significantly higher in group III than in group II for the following localisations: fundus, antrum, entire stomach, and stomach + duodenum. However the duodenal score was not significantly different between these 2 groups. It is concluded that, after a one-week treatment in normal patients, standard aspirin produces 2 fold more gastric mucosal damage than does soluble aspirin.     

Gastroduodenal lesions induced by naproxen. An endoscopic evaluation of regional differences and natural course

Gastroduodenal endoscopic findings were studied in 65 healthy volunteers receiving 750 mg or 1000 mg naproxen for 1 or 2 weeks. Separate registration of the mid- and distal duodenum showed that mucosal toxicity can be demonstrated even distally to the duodenal bulb. The lesions were closely correlated to the findings in the stomach and duodenal bulb, though generally somewhat less extensive. Whereas a difference between 750 mg and 1000 mg naproxen was demonstrated in an intraindividual comparison (n = 26; median sum of visual analogue scale score in the stomach/duodenal bulb, 129 mm and 183 mm, respectively; p less than 0.05), no difference was seen in two parallel groups (n = 32 and 33). In the stomach and duodenal bulb, a significant aggravation of mucosal lesions was seen from 1 to 2 weeks in 16 subjects. Healing was complete in 10/12 subjects after 3 weeks, independent of the extent of the initial damage.     

Diagnostic utility of small-caliber and conventional endoscopes for gastric cancer and analysis of endoscopic false-negative gastric cancers

AIM: To analyze the diagnostic utility of a small-caliber endoscope(SC-E) and clinicopathological features of false-negative gastric cancers(FN-GCs). METHODS: A total of 21638 esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) gastric cancer(GC) screening examinations were analyzed. Secondary endoscopic examinations(n = 3352) were excluded because most secondary examinations tended to be included in the conventional endoscopy(C-E) group. Detection rates of GCs and FN-GCs were compared between SC-E and C-E groups. FN-GC was defined as GC performed with EGD within the past 3 years without GC detection. Macroscopic types, histopathological characteristics and locations of FN-GCs were compared with firstly foundgastric cancers(FF-GCs) in detail. RESULTS: SC-E cases(n = 6657) and C-E cases(n = 11644), a total of 18301 cases, were analyzed. GCs were detected in 16(0.24%) SC-E cases and 40 C-E(0.34%) cases(P = 0.23) and there were 4 FN-GCs(0.06%) in SC-E and 13(0.11%) in C-E(P = 0.27), with no significant difference. FN-GCs/GCs ratio between SC-E and C-E groups was not significantly different(P = 0.75). The comparison of endoscopic macroscopic types of FN-GCs tended to be a less advanced type(P = 0.02). Histopathologically, 70.6% of FN-GCs were differentiated and 29.4% undifferentiated type. On the other hand, 43.0% of FF-GCs were differentiated and 53.8% undifferentiated type, so FN-GCs tended to be more differentiated type(P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic utility of SC-E for the detection of GCs and FN-GCs was not inferior to that of C-E. Careful observation for superficially depressed type lesions in the upper lesser curvature region is needed to decrease FN-GCs.     

Glomus tumor of the stomach: a clinicopathologic analysis of 10 cases and review of the literature

Background/Aims

Gastric glomus tumors are extremely rare, and presurgical confirmation is often impossible. The identification of clinical and radiologic characteristics of this tumor type is important for preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed 10 cases of gastric glomus tumors resected at a single institute over 9 years.

Results

Eight of the patients were men and 2 were women, with a mean age of 49 years. Five patients presented with abdominal discomfort or pain, 1 presented with anemia, and the remaining 4 cases were found incidentally during endoscopic examinations. The most common location of the tumor was the antrum (n=7), followed by the low (n=2) and high body (n=1). Although the endoscopic ultrasonography findings were variable, contrast-enhanced computed tomography generally showed a strong homogeneous enhancement. The resected tumors were well-demarcated solid masses with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 3.6 cm. Microscopically, the masses were composed of abundant vascular channels with clusters of uniform and round glomus cells. There was no evidence of recurrence after complete surgical resection.

Conclusions

Gastric glomus tumors are unusual, distinct lesions that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a gastric submucosal mass. Unlike their deep soft tissue counterparts, most glomus tumors in the stomach are benign.     

Gastro-duodenal mucosal changes associated with low-dose aspirin therapy: a prospective, endoscopic study.

OBJECTIVES: The association of low-dose aspirin use and gastro-intestinal bleeding is well described. However, the gastroduodenal mucosal changes associated with low-dose aspirin therapy have not been properly evaluated. We undertook a prospective, endoscopic study to evaluate gastro-duodenal mucosal lesions produced by low-dose aspirin. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with non-hemorrhagic cerebral infarct or transient ischemic attacks and normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomized to receive either enteric-coated (n=25) or plain (n=22) aspirin (150 mg/day). Follow-up endoscopy was done at 2, 4 and 8 weeks; gastro-duodenal mucosal lesions, if present, were scored. Forty-seven patients with hemorrhagic infarct who were not treated with aspirin served as controls. RESULTS: Twenty eight (60%) of 47 patients receiving aspirin had mucosal lesions; stomach alone was the most frequent site (32%), followed by both stomach and duodenum (23%). Frequency of mucosal changes in the stomach at 8 weeks (19%) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than those at 2 weeks (53%) and 4 weeks (55%). Coated (56%) and plain (63.6%) aspirin induced mucosal lesions with similar frequency. CONCLUSION: Administration of low-dose aspirin, either plain or enteric-coated, induces endoscopic gastro-duodenal mucosal lesions in a large majority of patients. The frequency of damage decreased after 8 weeks of therapy.