GIK对缺血/再灌注犬心肌超微结构的影响

目的:观察葡萄糖-胰岛素-钾液（GIK）、葡萄糖-钾液（GK）对急性心肌缺血/再灌注（MI/R）犬心肌缺血区内心肌细胞改变的影响,分析GIK中的胰岛素对MI/R心肌细胞的保护作用。 方法: 将犬心肌定量缺血(左前降支血流量降低80%) 50 min,再灌注4 h,建立犬MI/R模型。24只杂种犬随机分为GIK组、GK组和盐水对照组(n=8),于再灌注前5 min,分别输注GIK、GK和生理盐水。再灌注4 h后,计算梗死区占缺血区重量的百分比,并制作电镜切片于透射电镜下观察。 结果: GIK可显著减少心肌梗死(MI)的范围［GIK组（5.2±0.8）% vs. 盐水对照组（9.4±0.8）%,P<0.05］;而GK组MI的范围（8.5±0.9）%则与盐水对照组无明显差异。与盐水对照组相比,GIK组对非缺血心肌的超微结构无影响,对缺血心肌有一定的保护作用。GK对缺血心肌无保护作用。结论: 再灌注时,静脉输注GIK可减轻心肌超微结构的损伤,其中的胰岛素是GIK上述作用的关键成分。     

葡萄糖-胰岛素-钾极化液对犬重度心肌缺血/再灌注后心律失常和心电图的影响

目的探讨葡萄糖-胰岛素-钾合剂（GIK）对犬重度心肌缺血/再灌注（MI/R）后心律失常和心电图的影响。方法制备犬重度MI/R模型。再灌注前5min静脉分别输注生理盐水、GIK或GK（葡萄糖-钾液）。观察动物心电、血糖等的变化。结果犬重度MI/R引起心律失常,包括室性早搏、室速和室颤。再灌注期间静脉输注生理盐水、GIK或GK,未观察到室性心律失常发生率和严重程度有显著差异。但GIK可缩短再灌注期间心电图QRS波群时间。其中,再灌注4hQRS波群时间显著缩短,由对照组0.077±0.006s缩短至GIK组0.058±0.003s（n=6,P<0.01）。GK组与对照组比较无显著差异（n=6,P>0.05）。结论GIK对犬重度MI/R引起的室性心律失常无显著改善作用,但可缩短缺血/再灌注心脏的QRS波群时间,提示胰岛素可能影响MI/R心室除极。     

缺血期急性高血糖加重大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的探讨急性高血糖对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（RMMI）缺血期和再灌注期的影响,并分析不同时期的高血糖与心肌损伤之间的关系。方法制备急性大鼠RMMI模型（缺血30 min,再灌注6 h）,静脉输注高浓度的葡萄糖液,造成急性高血糖动物模型。将SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组（SHAM）,生理盐水对照组（CON）,缺血期高糖组（HGI）和再灌注期高糖组（HGR）。术中监测血糖水平,再灌注结束后检测心肌酶谱（CK,LDH）水平和心肌梗死（MI）面积。结果静脉输注高糖后大鼠血糖水平迅速而显著升高,造成缺血期和再灌注期急性高血糖。与CON组相比较,HGI组心肌酶谱水平显著升高,MI面积显著扩大[（46±9）%vs（38±6）%,P<0.05];而HGR组的心肌酶谱水平和MI面积与CON组相比无显著差异[（39±6）%vs（38±6）%]。结论缺血期急性高血糖可加重大鼠RMMI。     

胰岛素对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤兔心肌组织中髓过氧化物酶活性的影响及意义

目的观察胰岛素是否能够通过减轻中性粒细胞(PMN)在心肌组织中的浸润、聚集而抑制炎症反应,从而减轻心肌缺血/再灌注(MI/R)损伤。方法建立兔MI/R模型,分为假手术组、GIK组、GK组和对照组,后三组缺血45 min/再灌注6 h,检测各组血浆肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,以及心肌组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,利用Evans blue-TTC染色法测定心脏梗死面积。结果与对照组相比,GIK组CK-MB活性下降(P<0.01)、心肌梗死面积减小(P<0.01)、MPO活性降低(P<0.01)、hs-CRP水平下降(P<0.01),GK组上述各指标则无明显变化(P均>0.05)。结论胰岛素能够减轻兔MI/R过程中PMN在心脏组织中的聚集,这可能是胰岛素保护MI/R心脏的重要机制之一。     

极化液对缺血/再灌大鼠心肌细胞死亡及心脏功能的影响:胰岛素的关键作用

目的　探讨葡萄糖 胰岛素 钾极化液 (GIK)对心肌缺血 /再灌 (MI/R)后心肌细胞死亡(坏死和凋亡 )及心脏功能的影响 ,并比较和分析GIK各组分在其中的作用。方法　制备大鼠MI/R模型 ,分别用生理盐水、GIK、葡萄糖 钾液 (GK)或胰岛素干预分组。观察动脉血压、血糖、左室压等的变化 ,再灌注结束后检测心肌梗死或提取DNA检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果　MI/R造成明显的心脏功能障碍、心肌梗死和缺血区细胞凋亡。GIK与胰岛素 (而非GK)具有相似的减轻再灌注心肌损伤作用 ,包括减少心肌梗死范围 [(41 3± 8 3) %和 (39 6± 8 6) %比对照组 (54 4± 1 0 4) % ,q =4 34和q=4 90 ,P值均 <0 0 5]、减弱DNA梯带形成及促进再灌后心脏收缩 /舒张功能恢复。结论　GIK可减少心肌梗死、促进缺血心脏功能恢复 ,胰岛素可能通过抑制缺血心肌细胞凋亡在GIK心肌保护中发挥关键作用。     

芪丹通脉片对急性心肌缺血犬血液流变学及生化指标的影响

目的 :观察芪丹通脉片对实验性急性心肌缺血状态下犬血液流变学指标、血浆内皮素 （ET）、血清肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶 （L DH）的影响。方法 :采用结扎冠脉 ,造成犬心血瘀阻 （急性心肌缺血 ）模型 ,测定冠脉结扎 15min（药前 ）及药后不同实验时间点全血高切 （ηbh）、低切粘度 （ηbl）、血浆粘度 （ηp） ,ET,CK,L DH的含量。结果 :与对照组相比 ,芪丹通脉片显著降低ηbh,ηbl,ηp（P<0 .0 1） ,CK ,ET,L DH。结论 :该药对急性心肌缺血有保护作用。     

葡萄糖-胰岛素-钾液对缺血/再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的:观察极化液（葡萄糖-胰岛素-钾液,G IK）对急性心肌缺血/再灌注（M I/R）犬心脏功能、冠脉血流量及心肌损伤的影响,分析胰岛素在G IK上述效应中的作用。方法:制备犬M I/R模型,心肌定量缺血（左前降支血流量降低80%）50 m in,再灌注4 h。24只杂种犬随机分为G IK、葡萄糖-钾液（GK）和盐水对照组（n=8/组）,再灌注前5m in输注G IK、GK、生理盐水。观察冠脉血流量及血流动力学指标;检测不同时间血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）活性;再灌注4 h后测量并计算心肌梗死范围。结果:与盐水对照组相比,G IK明显增加左前降支冠脉血流量（CBFLAD）,改善再灌注后左室收缩及舒张功能,降低血清CK、LDH,减少心肌梗死范围,而GK无上述作用。结论:再灌注时输注G IK可促进再灌注心脏功能恢复及减轻心肌损伤,该作用可能与G IK增加冠脉血流量有关;胰岛素是G IK上述作用的关键成分。     

丹红注射液对老年急性冠脉综合征患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血液流变学的影响。方法将82例老年ACS患者随机分为丹红治疗组(47例)和常规治疗组(35例),两组患者分别在治疗前和治疗后14d检测血液流变学相关指标,并进行比较。结果 ACS患者血液流变学相关指标全血黏度(ηb)、血浆黏度(ηp)、血细胞比容(HCT)、纤维蛋白原(RFC)、红细胞刚性指数(IR)、红细胞聚集指数(VAI)、血检形成系数(TFL)、红细胞变形系数(DI)较健康对照组明显增高(P0.05)。治疗后14d丹红治疗组较常规治疗组患者上述指标均明显下降(P0.05)。结论丹红注射液具有降低血液黏稠度、改善血液高凝状态作用,对ACS的治疗有一定的临床价值。     

高、低剂量极化液对缺血/再灌注心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因的影响

目的 :探讨高、低两种剂量葡萄糖 -胰岛素 -钾极化液 （GIK）对缺血 /再灌注 （MI/R）心肌超微结构 ,细胞凋亡及其相关基因的影响。方法 :制备兔MI/R模型 ,分别用生理盐水 ,低剂量极化液 （LGIK） ,高剂量极化液 （HGIK）干预分组。检验心肌组织SOD活性 ,原位末端标记 （TUNEL）法测定凋亡心肌细胞 ,免疫组化SP法测定Bcl 2 ,Fas的含量 ,在电镜下观察心肌细胞的超微结构。结果 :与对照组比较 ,HGIK组SOD活性增加 （P <0 .0 1） ,凋亡指数 （AI）和Fas含量减少 （P <0 .0 1） ,Bcl 2含量增加 （P <0 .0 1）。心肌细胞超微结构表现为损伤减轻。LGIK亦可增加SOD活性和Bcl 2含量 （P <0 .0 5 ） ,减少AI和Fas（P <0 .0 5 ）含量。结论 :GIK具有抗缺血 /再灌注损伤的作用 ,其机制可能是通过调节Bcl 2和Fas介导的心肌缺血 /再灌注细胞凋亡而实现。高剂量GIK对缺血 /再灌注心肌细胞的保护作用显著大于低剂量GIK（P <0 .0 5 ）。     

DMOG稳定缺血/再灌注心肌组织低氧诱导因子-1α表达时间规律的研究*

目的 观察二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸（DMOG）预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注（I/R）心肌组织中低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）表达的影响,探讨DMOG稳定HIF-1α表达的时间规律。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、心肌缺血再灌注组（MI/R组）、DMOG+MI/R组、YC-1+MI/R组（YC-1为HIF-1α抑制剂）。建立心肌缺血/再灌注模型,心肌缺血45 min,再灌注0 h、3 h、6 h、9 h四个时间点。留取心脏左室前壁标本,分别采用Western blot和Real-time PCR法检测心肌组织中HIF-1α 的蛋白与mRNA表达水平。结果 ①再灌注相同时间点,D+MI/R组的HIF-1α蛋白表达量均明显高于MI/R组;在观察时间内,D+MI/R组的HIF-1α蛋白表达量呈现出先增高、后降低的趋势,并且在再灌注3h时达峰值（P<0.05）。②HIF-1α的mRNA表达量在不同组间及再灌注各个时间点均无明显差异（P?0.05）。结论 DMOG预处理能够稳定心肌I/R时HIF-1α的蛋白表达量,峰值出现于再灌注3h,而对HIF-1α的mRNA表达量无明显影响,表明这种作用主要发生于蛋白合成过程,而非基因转录水平。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。