捕蚊纱窗捕蚊效果的研究

高效惊人的捕蚊纱窗、驱蚊灭蚊的蚊香、快速灭效的杀虫气雾剂以及防蚊骚扰吸血的蚊帐等是广大城乡居民夏季必须用来防蚊灭蚊的武器。由于人们痛恨蚊虫,化学防制又易污染环境和产生抗药性,为此,近年来人们积极研究行之有效的物理灭蚊方法,如在蚊虫的必经通道上设置捕蚊器,只需吹     

不同光波捕蚊器对成蚊诱捕效果观察

目的筛选对成蚊诱引力强的光波灯管。方法选择城区绿地、农村牲畜棚分别放置装有不同光波灯管的捕蚊器,在日落后20 min开灯,诱捕2 h后关灯,将捕获的成蚊分出雌雄、分类计数,每次试验轮换各灯的布放位置,城区试验6次,农村3次,最后进行统计分析。结果在城区254和365 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊总数量分别为262和78只;254和420 nm分别为277和113只;365和420 nm分别为236和94只;在农村254、365和420 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊总数量分别为5591、15和126只。结论254 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊不论在数量还是在诱蚊种属上均优于其他2种光波灯管。     

CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法捕蚊效果现场调查

目的现场调查CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法的捕蚊效果。方法采用CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法。结果捕获的1548只蚊虫中，淡色库蚊、白纹伊蚊和骚扰阿蚊分别占87．86％、11．95％N0．19％；2种方法捕获的蚊虫种类相同，但CO2灯诱法捕获的蚊虫密度指数[21.8只／（灯·h）]显著低于人帐诱捕法[84．0只／（帐·h）。结论CO2灯诱法可作为蚊虫种群调查的一种手段，尤其在发生蚊媒传染病的地区，可作为首选方法。     

粘捕法调查鼠密度

鼠密度是反映鼠类种群数量的指标.调查鼠密度的方法较多,可分为间接数量调查法[1]、直接数量调查法和绝对数量调查法[1].但各具优缺点.     

Culicidae mosquitoes as emerging vectors of diseases]

A review is presented of the relationships between the so-called emerging infectious diseases and what may be defined as emerging vectors. These include not only those that have recently appeared but also those that present remarkable behavioral changes. Specific factors leading to that emergence can be associated with the powerful human influence on the environment. So the man-made, i.e. anthropic environment, exercises a selective pressure inducing vector populations to adapt to new circumstances. These may arise from ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that increase contact with the new vector. With this in mind, data on anomalous Culicidae breeding places in the Americas are reported. An interpretation of these findings is offered in the light of epidemiological surveillance. The question is whether vector emergence or re-emergence may constitute an epidemiological problem. Thus it is suggested that plane for all inclusive surveillance be prepared.     

Testing vitamin B as a home remedy against mosquitoes

Vitamin B is often recommended in the popular media as a systemic repellent against mosquitoes. This information is especially prevalent on the Web. The results of a small number of published studies suggested that vitamin B complex supplements are not effective as repellents, but these studies were limited by the use of very few human subjects and only 1 species of mosquito, Aedes aegypti. We extended this work with the use of larger samples of human subjects and with Anopheles stephensi as the test organism. We tested whether ingestion of vitamin B supplements under various regimens affected the attractiveness of volatile skin components transferred to glass vials. Although there was substantial and consistent individual variation in attractiveness, we found no effect of vitamin B supplementation.     

乳酸脱氢酶与蚊虫对溴氰菊酯抗性相关性的研究

目的研究乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)与蚊溴氰菊酯抗性之间的关系。方法应用RT-PCR及cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA end,RACE)技术扩增白纹伊蚊LDH全长基因;用实时荧光定量PCR检测敏感和抗性蚊C6/36细胞中LDH基因的表达水平;用乳酸脱氢酶活性检测试剂盒检测敏感和抗性蚊细胞中LDH酶活性。结果 LDH基因全长共1831 bp,其中ORF为996 bp,共编码331个氨基酸。该基因与埃及伊蚊、黑腹果蝇、小家鼠和人的乳酸脱氢酶的同源性分别为89%、72%、66%和65%。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,LDH基因在抗性蚊细胞中高表达,为敏感蚊细胞的1.87倍(P<0.05)。LDH酶活性检测结果显示,LDH在敏感蚊细胞中的酶活性范围为1～95 U/gprot,均值为40 U/gprot;在抗性蚊细胞中的酶活性范围为20～150 U/gprot,均值为75 U/gprot(n=15,P<0.01)。结论抗性蚊细胞中的LDH表达量和酶活性均高于敏感蚊细胞,提示LDH可能与蚊溴氰菊酯抗性相关。