定量感觉检查及神经传导速度测定对多发性神经病的诊断价值

目的探讨定量感觉检查(QST)及其联合神经传导速度(NCV)测定对多发性神经病的诊断价值。方法对60例多发性神经病患者进行QST以及感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)检测,并比较各项检查的异常率。结果 QST的异常率(83.3%)显著高于SCV和MCV(50.0%,26.7%)(均P<0.05);SCV的异常率显著高于MCV(P<0.05)。QST联合SCV的异常率为95.0%,显著高于MCV的异常率(P<0.05)。结论 QST对多发性神经病的检出率较高,QST联合SCV对多发性神经病具有很高的诊断价值。     

腕管综合征病人定量感觉测试研究

目的对腕管综合征病人(CTS)进行定量感觉测试(QST)研究,了解CTS病人是否存在小神经纤维的损害并客观评价其感觉障碍的程度。方法对19例临床及常规肌电图及神经传导速度检查证实的CTS病人(共34只手)检测其第2指、3指、5指的温度觉及振动觉。结果患者组第2指、3指、5指的温度觉及振动觉阈值与正常对照组之间存在显著性差异,第2指、3指温度觉异常率在12%~35%之间,振动觉的异常率分别为26%和24%。振动觉的测试结果与神经传导速度之间有很好的相关性。结论应用QST测试可以发现CTS病人存在小神经纤维的损害。QST对于CTS的早期诊断价值不如肌电图-神经传导速度(EMG~NCV)敏感,但可较客观的评价小纤维损害的程度,两者结合,可以对周围神经病变作出全面的评价。     

定量感觉检查在二硫化碳所致周围神经病变诊断中的应用

目的:了解定量感觉检查(QST)在二硫化碳(CS2)所致作业工人周围神经病变诊断方面中的应用价值.方法:使用温度觉分析仪[1]、振动觉分析仪,用改良的“Marstock”方法测定48例接触CS2 5年以上的作业工人(观察组)与48例正常人(对照组)的肢体进行定量温度觉检查(QTT)、定量振动觉检查(QVT),用肌电图/诱发电位仪给予神经传导测定.结果:观察组的QTT、QVT、运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)异常率均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),差异有显著意义.观察组中的QTT、QVT异常率明显高于MCV、SCV(P＜0.01),差异有显著意义.有症状的观察组的QTT、QVT、MCV、SCV异常率高于无症状组(P＜0.05),差异有显著意义.提示CS2作业工人的小神经有髓纤维和无髓感觉纤维受损比大神经纤维更常见.结论:QST可为CS2所致周围神经病变的诊断提供可靠的依据.     

定量感觉检查对糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断价值

目的　探讨定量感觉检查(QST)对糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断价值。方法　对46例糖尿病 患者神经传导速度(NCV)和QST进行检测,并将其结果进行对比研究。结果　46例糖尿病患者中NCV异常 率为72.8%(35/46),NCV诊断糖尿病周围神经病32例(69.6%);QST异常率为91.3%(42/46),QST诊断 糖尿病周围神经病40例(86.9%),两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论　QST较NCV对糖尿病周围神经病 变的诊断敏感性高;糖尿病患者温度觉异常率显著高于振动觉和NCV;提示其小神经纤维受损比大神经纤维 受损更常见。     

定量感觉检查对糖尿病性周围神经病的早期诊断价值

目的探讨定量感觉检查对糖尿病性周围神经病的早期诊断价值.方法使用温度觉分析仪、振动觉分析仪及肌电图诱发电位仪对76例胰岛素非依赖型糖尿病患者进行温度觉、振动觉及神经传导速度测定.结果有症状组患者的温度觉、振动觉、神经传导速度的异常率明显高于无症状组,无症状组患者温度觉、振动觉异常率明显高于神经传导速度的异常率.结论定量感觉检查较常规神经导检测有高的诊断敏感性,为糖尿病性周围神经病的早期诊断提供可靠依据.     

正常人手部定量感觉测试的研究

目的研究正常人手部定量感觉测试(QST)的阈值及意义。方法检测22名正常人(共30只手)第2指、3指、5指的冷觉、温觉、冷痛觉、热痛觉和振动觉。结果本组正常人QST测试的重复性较好,30只手QST阈值左右侧之间差异无显著性(均P>0.05)。第2指与第5指温觉阈值差异有显著性(P<0.05)。冷觉和冷痛觉与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.368～-0.492,P<0.05～0.01),温觉、热痛觉和振动觉与年龄呈正相关(r=0.406～0.680,P<0.05～0.01)。结论正常人手部QST阈值稳定,QST是客观评价感觉神经功能的无创性的检测方法。     

高频超声、神经电生理对糖尿病性周围神经病的手术评估

目的 探讨高频超声、神经电生理在糖尿病性周围神经病(DPN)早期诊断及其神经减压手术时机、疗效评估中的应用价值.方法 对560例糖尿病性下肢周围神经病患者,按Dellon术式对卡压神经进行显微松解术.所有病例术前、术后1.5年进行多伦多临床神经病变评分(TCSS),神经高频超声、定量感觉功能(QST)、神经感觉传导速度(NCV)检测,并在相应时间节点采用同样指标与健康对照组进行对比.结果 DPN患者高频超声显示受累神经肿胀、增粗,内部回声减低,神经内线状结构消失,神经前后径(D1)和横径(D2),横断面积(CSA)手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).NCV阳性检测率为74.9%,QST阳性检测率为90.9%,两者差异有统计学意义.DPN早期诊断QST较NCV更为敏感.NCV术后较术前明显增快(P＜0.05),冷感觉阈值较术前明显升高(P＜0.05);热感觉阈值较术前明显降低(P＜0.01);振动觉阈值较术前明显降低(P＜0.05).NCV与冷感觉阈值呈正相关;与热感觉阈值、振动觉阈值呈负相关.术前TCSS评分19分者术后75%改善至10～13分(P＜0.01).结论 高频超声能够从形态学角度提供神经卡压程度、部位等信息.QST检测适用于DPN的早期诊断,QST异常是实施下肢神经减压术的适应证.QST与NCV两者联合使用对把握手术时机具有重要意义,高频超声、NCV、QST可作为评价手术疗效的客观依据.     

定量感觉及神经传导检测在糖尿病患者中的应用比较

目的:分析定量感觉检查(QST)及神经传导检测(NCS)在糖尿病患者中的应用价值.方法:用QST对100例2型糖尿病(T2DM)组和50例正常对照组分别进行四肢的冷觉(CS)、温觉(WS)、冷痛觉(CP)、热痛觉(HP)的感觉阈值测定并进行比较分析;并对T2DM患者进行上肢的正中神经、尺神经,下肢的胫神经、腓神经运动和感觉支的NCS、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)、感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)以及运动末梢潜伏期(DML)进行测定并分析.T2DM患者分为有症状组和无症状组,分别对QST及NCS的异常率进行分析并比较.结果:T2DM组QST和NCS结果与正常对照组比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.01); QST与NCS异常率比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.01),QST的异常率均显著大于NCS;提示糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)患者中周围神经小纤维受损比大纤维更明显,T2DM患者有症状组和无症状组各值比较差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论:QST对DPN的早期诊断提供可靠依据,QST对DPN的诊断敏感性高,但特异性低,需与NCS结合对糖尿病周围神经状况进行评价更为完善.QST和NCS不能相互替代,全面了解DPN病情需QST和NCS结合,并密切结合临床.     

神经减压术治疗糖尿病下肢周围神经病变的适应证及疗效分析

目的探讨糖尿病性周围神经病变(DPN)神经减压手术适应证及疗效。方法采用DELLON术式对560例DPN病人卡压的下肢神经进行显微减压术。术前和术后1.5年进行多伦多临床神经病变评分(TCSS),定量感觉功能测定(QST)和神经感觉运动传导速度(NCV)检测,同时选取25例志愿者作为正常对照组行对比性研究。结果 DPN术前NCV异常率为74.9%,QST异常率为90.9%,两者间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NCV与冷感觉阈值呈正相关(r=0.395,P0.01),与热感觉阈值、振动觉阈值呈负相关(r为-0.387、-0.367,P0.01)。TCSS评分与冷感觉阈值呈负相关(r=-0.522,P0.01),与热感觉阈值、振动觉阈值呈正相关(r为0.552、0.502,P0.01)。NCV术后较术前明显增快(P0.05),QST的冷感觉阈值较术前明显升高(P0.05),热感觉阈值、振动觉阈值较术前明显降低(P0.01,P0.05)。术后TCSS评分420例改善至10～13分(P0.01)。结论 QST检测适用于DPN早期诊断,QST异常是实施下肢神经减压术的适应证。QST与NCV两者联合使用对选择适宜手术病例,把握手术时机具有重要临床意义,并可作为评价手术疗效的客观依据。TCSS评分简单、全面,可作为门诊DPN的早期筛查。     

格林-巴利综合征感染因子及细胞因子的研究进展

格林-巴利综合征(Guillain-Barre Syndrome,GBS)是一种世界范围的疾病,它主要包括以下几种亚型AIDP(急性炎症性脱髓性多发性神经根神经病)、AMSAN(急性运动感觉轴索性神经病)、AMAN(急性运动轴索性神经病)、Fisher综合征、CIDP(慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性神经病)等.     

Paradoxical heat sensation in uremic polyneuropathy

Sensory aspects of uremic neuropathy were studied in 36 patients using clinical assessment and quantitative sensory tests (QST). The outstanding abnormality in sensory quality was perception of heat in response to low temperature stimuli. This paradoxical heat sensation was found in the foot in 42% (15) of patients, far beyond the normal prevalence of 10%. Paradoxical sensation was positively related to cold hypoesthesia (P = 0.0004) suggesting disinhibition as a possible mechanism. Paradoxical heat sensation also positively related to creatinine level (P = 0.0012). Pruritus was present in 20 patients (56%), intensity not related to any biochemical or clinical parameter. Signs of sensory polyneuropathy (PNP), based on at least two abnormal parameters in the clinical assessment or QST, were found in 39% of patients (14), of whom 11 had paradoxical heat sensation. Thus, in 4 patients (11%), this sensory aberration preceded other signs for PNP. Paradoxical heat sensation seems to be a common and often early expression of the sensory neuropathy in uremia. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者血清IL-6水平与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与神经损伤和疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)形成的关系。方法用感觉定量分析仪(TSA2001)对25例PHN患者和29例愈后无PHN的带状疱疹患者的疼痛区及对侧镜像区进行感觉定量测定,同时用ELISA法测定患者血清中IL-6水平。结果PHN患者血清IL-6水平为(386.10±167.51)pg/mL,不仅高于愈后无PHN的带状疱疹患者[(254.40±121.18)pg/mL](P<0.005),而且与其疼痛区的感觉缺失程度呈正相关(r=0.735,P<0.0001)。结论高水平的IL-6作为引起神经损伤的一个重要因素,在形成PHN的过程中具有重要作用。     

Comparison of perception threshold testing and thermal-vibratory testing

Current perception threshold testing (CPT) is thought to selectively activate and measure three types of afferent nerves. However, it has not been standardized or compared with better-studied methods of sensory testing. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between CPT (2000 Hz, 250 Hz, 5 Hz) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) using vibratory and heat thresholds, and to assess the test-retest reliability of both methods. Twenty-seven healthy women were enrolled. Each woman underwent CPT and QST on the volar part of the arm. Sensory thresholds were determined by the method of limits; 20 women underwent repeated CPT testing and QST after 1 week to determine test-retest reliability. Thermal thresholds were moderately correlated with CPT at 5 Hz (rho = 0.49, P = 0.009), as were vibratory thresholds and CPT at 2000 Hz (rho = 0.5, P = 0.008). In contrast to CPT measurements, warm and vibratory and cold thresholds were correlated 1 week apart (rho = 0.73, P = 0.0001; rho = 0.83, P = 0.0001; and rho = 0.47, P = 0.0037, respectively). CPT testing and QST seem to be measuring similar afferent nerve-fiber populations, but QST has better test-retest reliability than CPT testing, justifying its role in clinical or research studies.     

Quantitative sensory testing in patients with polyneuropathy and healthy individuals

Aims –  Elderly individuals and patients with polyneuropathy often feel heat pain or burning sensation on quantitative sensory testing (QST) of warm perception distally in the lower limbs. We therefore studied heat pain threshold (HPT), warm perception threshold (WPT) and the difference between heat pain and warm perception thresholds in 48 patients with symptoms and signs of polyneuropathy matched according to age and gender with 48 healthy persons.
Methods –  QST (using method of limits) was performed on the distal calf and the dorsal foot.
Results –  Particularly in the neuropathy group several individuals (58%) had an unpleasant feeling, often burning, when the thresholds according to the WPT algorithm were recorded. Difference between heat pain and warm perception thresholds in the lower calf of the patients was 3.9 ± 3.5 and 5.8 ± 3.4°C in the controls ( P  = 0.012), and on the foot 3.8 ± 2.8 vs 5.3 ± 3.6°C ( P  = 0.02).
Conclusions –  When performing QST it is important to assess also quality features of warm perception, such as burning and heat pain sensation.     

Validation of diagnostic methods for traumatic sensory neuropathy and neuropathic pain

Introduction: We evaluated diagnostic value of sensory tests during recovery from iatrogenic sensory neuropathy using intraoperatively verified nerve injury with subjective symptoms as gold standard. Methods: Inferior alveolar nerves were monitored neurophysiologically throughout mandibular osteotomy in 19 patients. Sensory disturbance was registered and sensation tested using clinical and quantitative sensory (QST) and neurophysiologic tests postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated for all tests. Results: The sensitivity of clinical tests was at best 37%, with 100% specificity, but they lost diagnostic value at chronic stages. Best diagnostic accuracy (highest combination of sensitivity and specificity) at different time points was achieved by combining neurophysiologic and thermal QST or tactile and thermal QST. The single most accurate test was sensory neurography. Conclusions: Neurography or combinations of neurophysiologic and quantitative tests enables most reliable early and late diagnosis. Clinical sensory examination is inadequate for accurate diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 59 :342–347, 2019     

疱疹后遗神经痛病人的神经损伤与水痘-带状疱疹病毒持续激活和复制的关系

目的　研究带状疱疹后遗神经痛 (PHN)患者的水痘 带状疱疹病毒 (VZV)持续激活、复制对感觉神经系统损伤的影响。方法　用感觉定量分析仪 (TSA 2 0 0 1)对 2 5例PHN患者和 38例带状疱疹患者的疼痛区及对侧镜像区进行感觉定量测量 ,同时用PCR和SouthernBlot方法对其外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)进行VZV检测。结果　带状疱疹急性期和PHN病人疼痛区的各感觉阈值均大于对侧镜像区 ,而愈后无PHN的带状疱疹病人两者间未见显著性差异 ;PHN病人的感觉缺失值大于带状疱疹急性期病人 ;PHN患者的VZV检出率为 32 % ,而在愈后无PHN患者却未检测到。结论　VZV在带状疱疹患者的背根神经节内长久复制和激活会引起神经系统严重的、甚至是不可逆的损伤 ,这对PHN的形成起着重要作用     

Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients With Chronic Unilateral Radicular Neuropathic Pain and Active Spinal Cord Stimulation

Objectives. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment option for chronic radicular neuropathic pain syndromes. This prospective study was performed to examine the peripheral effects of SCS on sensation using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Materials and Methods. We measured two consecutive QST measurements for thermal, tactile‐static, tactile‐dynamic, vibratory, and pain sensation of the lower limbs in seven patients with chronic unilateral radicular neuropathic pain who underwent SCS implantation for their pain. Measurements were performed when SCS was turned off and once again during SCS and subsequent reduced pain levels. Results. Baseline QST demonstrated significantly increased thresholds for tactile and warm and cold detection in the pain area. With SCS active, a significant reduction of the cold and warm perception and mechanical detection thresholds was found on the painful side (p < 0.01). Although not significant (p > 0.01), altered sensory thresholds with active SCS also were found at the healthy side where no paresthesias were felt. Conclusion. SCS leads to bilateral subclinical effects even if the evoked paresthesias are only unilateral. Pain perception thresholds are not altered with therapeutic SCS.     

Technology literature review: quantitative sensory testing

The development of the personal computer has simplified the process of quantitating sensory thresholds using various testing algorithms. We reviewed the technical aspects and reproducibility of different methods to determine threshold for light touch-pressure, vibration, thermal, and pain stimuli. Clinical uses and limitations of quantitative sensory testing (QST) were also reviewed. QST is a reliable psychophysical test of large- and small-fiber sensory modalities. The results of QST are highly dependent on methodology and the full cooperation of the subject. QST has been shown to be reasonably reproducible over a period of days or weeks in normal subjects. The use of QST in research and patient care should be limited to instruments and their corresponding methodologies that have been shown to be reproducible. Literature data do not allow conclusions regarding the relative merits of individual QST instruments.