Endoscopic management of impacted esophageal foreign bodies

There are many reports on the endoscopic management of ingested foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, however, little is known about the management of a specific subset of esophageal foreign bodies – impacted esophageal foreign bodies (IEFBs), especially perforating esophageal foreign bodies (PEFBs). The aim of this retrospective study on 78 cases was to report experience and outcome in the endoscopic management of the IEFBs in Chinese patients. From January 2006 to July 2011, a total of 750 patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies were admitted to the endoscopy center. Among these 750 patients, 78 cases that met the defined criteria of IEFBs were retrospectively enrolled in the present study, including 12 cases (12/78, 15.4%) with PEFBs. The major types of IEFBs were poultry bones (35.9%) and fish bones (17.9%). Most of the IEFBs (80.8%) were located in the upper esophagus, as were two thirds (66.7%) of the PEFBs. Foreign‐body retrieval forceps were the most frequently used accessory devices. Extraction of IEFBs failed in eight patients (10.3%) during the endoscopic procedure. The difficult points in endoscopic management were PEFBs, IEFBs with sharp points, and those with impaction for more than 24 hours. IEFBs should be treated as early as possible, and their endoscopic management is safe and effective. Endoscopic management is the first choice for PEFBs when the duration of impaction is less than 24 hours and there are no abscesses outside of the esophageal tract as determined by a computed tomography scan.     

UNUSUAL FOREIGN BODY: ESOPHAGEAL IMPACTION AFTER CYANOACRYLATE INJECTION FOR GASTRIC VARICES

Cyanoacrylate injection has been found in large series to be a remarkably safe and efficient treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. Dysphagia is a common local side‐effect of endoscopic intravariceal histoacryl injection. A 49‐year‐old woman with diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension related to hepatitis B virus infection was admitted to the Ibni Sina hospital due to dysphagia that started after injection of N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) for gastric varices. She had undergone endoscopic gastric intravariceal histoacryl injection 2 years previously and again 1 month before the admission. There were no complications related to injection of the histoacryl or the endoscopy procedure itself. Dysphagia started immediately after the second endoscopy and was refractory to prokinetic and analgesic medication. She did not have any other complaint of medical significance. A diagnostic endoscopy revealed a heterogeneous foreign body stuck in the distal esophagus. Dysphagia resolved after endoscopic removal of the foreign body by endoscopic biopsy forceps. The heterogeneous material, which was mixed with food particles and tissue debris, was analyzed via infrared spectrophotometer and was found to be cyanoacrylate glue. In the present case, extrusion of the glue occurred earlier then expected and retching or vomiting might have dislodged the extruded glue from the stomach to the esophagus. If prolonged and intractable dysphagia starts after the endoscopy procedure, impaction of glue to the esophagus should be considered.     

食管嵌顿性异物内镜治疗分析

目的 评价内镜治疗嵌顿性食管异物的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性总结78例嵌顿性食管异物患者的病例资料,收集食管异物的种类、数量、嵌顿部位、滞留时间,相关食管病变,内镜治疗方法、治疗时间以及并发症发生情况,并对影响并发症发生及治疗时间相关因素进行统计分析.结果食管上段最易发生嵌顿(80.8％,63/78)和穿孔(66.7％,8/12);11例异物滞留时间超过24 h,其余67例不足24 h;所有患者经内镜成功取出异物(只有2例穿孔患者取出异物后转耳鼻喉科或胸外科接受进一步治疗),治疗过程中无一例死亡,主要并发症为出血(13例,16.7％),其次为黏膜撕裂伤(7例,9.0％)和穿孔(1例,1.3％),总的并发症发生率为26.9％(21/78);异物形状、滞留时间及是否穿孔是影响内镜治疗时间和并发症发生率的主要因素(P＜0.05).结论 内镜治疗嵌顿性食管异物是安全和有效的方法.已造成食管穿孔的异物,滞留时间不超过24h且CT提示食管管腔外无脓肿形成者,可首选内镜治疗.     

Spontaneous migration of a catheter embolus from the left inferior to the right inferior pulmonary artery

This is the first reported case of a spontaneous migration of an embolized catheter fragment from the left side of the pulmonary arterial system to the right side. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:463–465, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Acute management of foreign body injuries of the hand

A review of the identification of foreign body hand injuries is presented with criteria for removal of a foreign body in the emergency department. Indications for acute surgical intervention are presented, and expectant management is discussed.     

Foreign body retrieval from the heart by two catheter technique

Foreign bodies that lodge accidentally in the heart or great vessels can be retrieved successfully without thoracotomy. This report describes retrieval of a 15-centimeter-long central venous catheter lodged in the right side of the heart. Two catheters were introduced to effect retrieval, one from the arm and the other from the leg. To our knowledge this approach has not been described previously.     

An improved snare system for the nonsurgical retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies

We have modified a snare technique originally described for transcolonoscopic removal of colonic polyps for the retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies. The key difference from other snare techniques is the employment of a wire snare with a crimp in its midportion that enables the formation of a loop in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the guiding catheter. With this technique we have quickly removed a variety of objects from the right heart and pulmonary arteries in four patients.     

A subglottic foreign body mimicking croup: A case report

Introduction:Foreign body (FB) aspiration is one of the causes of respiratory distress in infants is an extremely dangerous and potentially life-threatening event. The diagnosis of FB aspiration is difficult because the signs and symptoms vary according to the degree of airway blockage or location of the FB.Patient concerns:An 11-month-old female infant visited a hospital because of a sudden onset cough. She was relatively healthy without fever, rhinorrhea cyanosis, or poor feeding. On physical examination, auscultation revealed inspiratory stridor without wheezing and crackles.Diagnosis:Croup was suspected when considering the history, physical examination, and imaging. However, she did not respond to a 4-day course of treatment for croup. Flexible laryngoscopic examination was performed, and we identified a thin, flat, and sharp FB embedded in the subglottic region.Interventions:Emergency surgery was performed to remove the FB. Short-term intravenous corticosteroids and antibiotics were used to prevent laryngeal swelling and aspiration pneumonia.Outcomes:One week after the procedure, the laryngeal mucosa had completely healed.Conclusion:FB aspiration should be considered in an infant with an impression of croup. In particular, if there is no response to medical or conservative treatment for croup, further evaluation is needed.     

Delayed shotgun pellet migration to the right ventricle

Multiple case reports of bullet emboli to the heart have been documented. A unique clinical situation is presented of a patient who sustained a shotgun injury to the buttock, with retained pellets, who 7 to 10 years later demonstrated intravascular migration of one of the pellets to the intracardiac position.     

Transvenous retrieval of a Greenfield filter lodged in the tricuspid valve

A 77-year-old man had an inferior vena cava Greenfield filter placed for bilateral deep venous thrombosis acquired during a complicated hospitalization for a hip fracture. The filter migrated and lodged at the level of the tricuspid valve. We describe a transvenous retrieval approach which is safer and performed under more controlled technique than previously reported. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:310–312, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

儿童呼吸道异物合并纵隔气肿诊疗分析

目的探讨儿童呼吸道异物合并纵隔气肿的病因、影像学表现及治疗。方法对23例儿童呼吸道异物合并纵隔气肿的患者临床资料进行总结分析,对其发生纵隔气肿的原因、影像学表现以及麻醉、手术方式进行探讨。结果 23例呼吸道异物合并有纵隔气肿患儿,22例治愈,气肿吸收消退时间为7-10天,1例患儿术中呼吸循环衰竭,抢救无效死亡。结论对于咳嗽的患儿应意识到呼吸道异物的可能;纵隔气肿主要是由于异物在呼吸道内存留时间较长发生较严重感染所致。     

'Where the money is': a case report of the successful removal of a large number of coins by esophagogastroduodenoscopy utilizing a Roth net

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the use of a Roth net and to determine the maximum number of coins that can be removed per net. METHODS: During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a Roth net was passed multiple times in order to retrieve 49 ingested coins without the use of an over tube. RESULTS: Removal of 49 coins of various sizes was accomplished. The largest of the coins was 2.4 cm. Because of damage to the nets during the withdrawal past the gastroesophageal junction, several nets were required. But, there was minimal trauma to the esophageal mucosa and no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of ingested foreign objects requires individually tailored treatment. From an extensive literature search, there does not appear to be consensus for standard of care based on the variability of presentation and multiple modalities available for removal.     

可弯曲支气管镜诊治成人气道异物

目的探讨可弯曲支气管镜(纤维支气管镜/电子支气管镜,简称支气管镜)在成人气道异物诊断及治疗中的意义。方法回顾性分析20例经可弯曲支气管镜确诊和治疗的成人气道异物患者的临床资料。结果主要临床表现为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、呼吸困难、呼吸音减弱、吸气相干啰音;院外误诊10例,其中误诊为肺癌4例、肺炎2例、支气管哮喘1例等;19例经可弯曲支气管镜取出,1例转胸外科手术取出。结论成人气道异物临床上容易误诊,可弯曲支气管镜在成人气道异物的诊断和治疗中具有重要的意义。