大剂量化疗造血干细胞移植治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效研究

目的：目前IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿无论采用何种方法治疗均疗效差,长期生存率低,需要探索新的治疗途径。该文采用大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗等方法,试图提高IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效。方法：选择IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿28例,年龄2.1~11.5岁,平均3.3±1.9岁,发病时间1~7个月,平均3.1±0.7个月。原发部位:肾上腺23例,胸部3例,胸腹联合1例,骶骨1例。强烈化疗6疗程,期间进行外周血造血干细胞采集、手术切除,然后进行自体外周血造血干细胞移植,术后行局部放疗及13-顺式维甲酸治疗,定期随访。结果：28例患儿诱导化疗结束时13例取得完全缓解,11例取得部分缓解,4例化疗中病情进展。完全缓解及部分缓解的24例患儿完成治疗进入本研究。随访3.5±0.7年,两组4年无病生存率29.2%。完全缓解组中位无复发生存时间4.1±0.7年;部分缓解组中位无复发生存时间2.8±0.5年,两组中位无复发生存时间差异有显著性(t=3.9,P<0.01)。结论：大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤可取得较好疗效,4年无病生存率29.2%,移植前达到完全缓解时可取得更好疗效     

术前多基因联合检测指导化疗对进展期神经母细胞瘤儿童手术切除率及预后的影响

目的 探索术前多基因联合对进展期神经母细胞瘤(NB)患儿手术切除率及预后的影响.方法 收集2013年1月至2015年l月本院收治的采取手术治疗的进展期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期) NB 患儿 46例,均经病理确诊.根据INSS 分期及COG危险度分层,本组病例Ⅲ期 19 例 (41.3%) ,Ⅳ期 27 例 (58.7%) ,中危15例(32.6%),高危31例(67.4%).46例患儿均行术前新辅助化疗及手术治疗.依据术前是否行多基因联合检测分为多基因联合检测化疗组和常规化疗组.多基因联合检测组患儿,根据药敏结果参考选择化疗方案,如常规方案中有一种药物敏感,则可选择该方案进行化疗.如常规方案中无敏感药物或化疗两个疗程后评估提示化疗效果欠佳,则根据药敏结果选用包含至少一个敏感药物的化疗方案.结果 3例ERCC阴性中危患者最初使用方案无铂类药物,肿瘤缩小不满意,后根据药敏检测更换包含铂类药物方案后肿瘤缩小明显,均在更换方案后2~3个疗程行手术,其余4例中危患儿均提示TOPOIIα高表达,选用了OPEC方案及卡铂+足叶乙甙/阿霉素轮换.高危患儿中5例TOPOI阴性患儿最初均使用CT方案,第二或三个疗程时根据药敏结果换用OPEC方案.其余患儿检测结果提示对铂类、足叶乙甙或蒽环类其中之一敏感,使用OPEC方案化疗.多基因联合检测组术前化疗3~6个疗程,平均 4.6个疗程,常规化疗组术前化疗4~8个疗程,平均 5.6个疗程.多基因联合检测组患儿肿瘤瘤体缩减率明显高于常规化疗组.两组患儿手术切除率差异无统计学意义.本资料所有患儿均获得随访,随访时间14~30个月,平均21个月,总体生存率为60.9%,中危组患儿2年生存率为80%,高危组期患儿2年生存率51.6%.多基因联合检测化疗组2年生存率为中危85.7%,高危53.8%,总生存率为65%,常规化疗组2年生存率为中危75%,高危50%,总生存率为57.7%.两组相比差异无统计学意义.结论 进展期神经母细胞瘤患儿联合检测ERCC1、TOPOI 和TOPOIIα表达指导个体化化疗,有效率有所提高,化疗不良反应减少,改善了患儿生活质量.     

术前化疗对肝母细胞瘤手术及预后的影响

目的评价术前化疗对肝母细胞瘤（hepatoblastoma,HB）手术切除率及预后的影响。方法将1993。2004年80例HB患儿分为两大组。术前化疗组（A组）48例,其中PRETEXTⅠ期13例,Ⅱ期13例,Ⅲ期15例,Ⅳ期7例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期均采用弱方案化疗,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别采用强方案（A1组）及弱方案（A2组）化疗,Ⅲ期病例中,A1组6例,A2组9例;Ⅳ期病例中,A1组3例,A2组4例。术前未化疗组（B组）32例,1期12例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅳ期5例。两组年龄、性别、病理分期与分型、手术及术后治疗和随诊,均符合统计学可比性要求。A,组化疗使用阿霉素、顺铂3—6轮,A2组使用长春新碱、环磷酰胺、阿霉素1～2轮。比较A（A1、A2）组、B组手术切除率、5年生存率及围术期死亡率。结果随访60—200个月,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期A组与B组手术切除率和5年生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病例合并后比较,A2组、B组手术切除率和5年生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A1与B组、A1组与（A2＋B）组手术切除率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。手术完整切除者5年存活率明显高于手术未切除者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论术前化疗对PRETEXTⅠ、Ⅱ期患儿手术切除率和5年生存率无意义,术前强方案足疗程化疗可提高PRETEXTⅢ、Ⅳ期病例手术切除率,术前弱方案短疗程化疗及术前不化疗,不能提高PRETEXTⅢ、Ⅳ期手术切除率。手术完整切除者5年生存率达90％。     

单中心儿童肾肿瘤SCMCWT-99方案临床报告

目的 改善儿童肾母细胞瘤预后。方法 对1998年10月至2007年12月住院明确诊断为肾母细胞瘤及肾肉瘤患儿,采用外科手术。内科化疗。选择性放疗,病理科。影像学科协作诊断综合治疗的上海儿中心WT-99方案。按方案中条件根据分期及其他危险因素进行分组,并按分组给予不同药物组合和强度的化疗。Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期病理分型预后良好型不放疗。估计手术不能完全切除时给予2个疗程术前化疗。结果 全组54例,年龄3个月至13岁。病理分类预后良好型39例,预后不良型4例,透明细胞肉瘤5例,横纹肌肉瘤样1例,分型困难或未分化型5例。临床结合病理分期为Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期19例,Ⅳ7例,Ⅴ期2例。54例中获完全缓解51例（94.4%）,3例初治失败。缓解后复发9例。随访1-104个月,中位31.5个月,估计5年无病生存率（EFS）和总生存率（SR）分别为75.7%和83.9%。结论 多专业联合诊断治疗工作模式及儿中心WT-99方案对儿童肾母细胞瘤有效。     

13例小儿横纹肌肉瘤疗效分析

目的：分析小儿横纹肌肉瘤疗效,特别是大剂量化疗的效果。方法：对该院1998年1月至2005年10月收治的13例横纹肌肉瘤患儿临床资料进行分析。男8例,女5例;年龄7个月至12岁;依据美国横纹肌肉瘤研究组(IRS)的分期标准 Ⅰ期2例、Ⅱ期2例、Ⅲ期3例、Ⅳ期6例。所有患儿均经病理活检确诊,其中胚胎型12例,腺泡型1例。1例手术,1例手术加放疗,1例手术加化疗,10例手术加放疗及化疗。2002年前的病例化疗以VDCA、VAC和VadrC为主;2002年后采取了美国COG治疗横纹肌肉瘤的化疗方案,Ⅲ期采取CDV+IE方案治疗,Ⅳ期采用CT+VAC或CT+VAC+VCT方案治疗。结果：10例接受手术加放疗及化疗联合治疗的患儿2年生存率为60%,另外3例没有接受联合治疗的患儿全部死亡。2002年后患儿生存率（60%,3/5）高于2002年前生存率（37.5%,3/8）。患儿2年生存率2002年前为37.5%(3/8),2002年后为60%（3/5）,平均为46.2%(6/13)。结论：儿童横纹肌肉瘤病理类型以胚胎型为主,恶性程度高。晚期病例采取手术联合放、化疗,特别是大剂量化疗可取得较好疗效。     

大剂量化疗结合自体外周血干细胞移植治疗神经外胚层来源的儿童实体瘤疗效分析

目的：探讨大剂量化疗结合自体外周血造血干细胞移植（APBSCT）治疗神经外胚层来源晚期实体瘤的疗效。方法：选择神经外胚层来源的肿瘤患儿23例,平均年龄5.8±3.5岁。移植前化疗8.0±4.3疗程。其中IV期神经母细胞瘤20例,移植时完全缓解9例,部分缓解7例,处于肿瘤进展期4例;原始神经外胚叶肿瘤2例,移植期间为完全缓解。视网膜母细胞瘤1例,移植时部分缓解。进行外周血造血干细胞采集、手术切除,然后进行APBSCT。结果：①20例神经母细胞瘤患儿中,19例移植后造血功能获得满意重建,重建时间为16.5±0.9 d。术后中位随访时间为15.8月。移植前获完全缓解的患儿生存率为100%,部分缓解患儿为57%,进展期患儿为0（P<0.05）。3组15.8月总生存率67%。②视网膜母细胞瘤患儿随访6个月获完全缓解。③原始神经外胚叶肿瘤患儿于术后5~8个月原发灶复发,1年内均死亡。结论：大剂量化疗结合APBSCT治疗神经外胚层来源实体瘤,在移植前达到完全缓解者可取得较好疗效,部分缓解者可提高缓解率。其中原始神经外胚叶肿瘤预后最差,即使在完全缓解时移植死亡率仍高。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（4）：244-247］     

多学科协作模式诊断治疗儿童肝母细胞瘤

目的 探讨儿童肝母细胞瘤的多学科协作诊断及治疗.方法 回顾分析1998年8月-2006年1月上海儿童医学中心小儿外科收治的16例肝母细胞瘤患儿(男女各8例;发病年龄3个月～11岁,平均2岁)的治疗及随访情况.着重分析肝母细胞瘤多学科协作治疗、术前评估及手术要点.结果 发病部位在肝右叶、肝左叶各8例.临床表现为腹部肿块15例,腹膜炎体征1例.采用国际儿童肿瘤协会(SIOP)Pretext分期法分期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期各7例(各占43.7%,7/16例),Ⅳ期2例(占12.5%,2/16例).Ⅱ期7例中,6例行肿瘤完整切除,1例因肿瘤破裂急诊行剖腹探查术,术后行ICE方案化疗.Ⅲ期6例开放活检明确病理诊断,术前化疗2、3个疗程,肿瘤缩小后手术完整切除,1例放弃治疗.Ⅳ期1例行肝移植,1例放弃治疗.Ⅱ期随访7例,6例存活,1例死亡,3a无瘤生存率为100%(4/4例).Ⅲ期随访7例,5例存活,2例死亡,3a无瘤生存率为75%(3/4例).Ⅳ期随访2例,肝移植后4个月因肝衰竭死亡1例,放弃治疗死亡1例.结论 手术完整切除在儿童肝母细胞瘤治疗中起举足轻重的作用,辅助化疗能够提高肿瘤的完整切除率,多学科协作治疗能够保证整个疗程的顺利进行,取得良好的临床疗效.     

Clinical efficacy of combined therapy in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma北大核心CSCD

目的 观察4期神经母细胞瘤联合治疗的早期疗效,探讨提高生存率及改善生活质量的治疗方案。 方法 对2016年1月至2021年6月在香港大学深圳医院确诊的14例4期神经母细胞瘤患儿的临床资料、治疗及随访情况进行回顾性分析。 结果 14例患儿中位发病年龄为3岁7.5个月。骨髓检查阳性9例,N-Myc基因扩增4例,神经元特异性烯醇化酶增高13例,尿香草扁桃酸增高7例。病理结果：分化型6例,未分化型1例,混合型1例,分化差型6例。N7方案化疗10例（含2例N7方案+三氧化二砷化疗患儿）,Rapid COJEC方案化疗4例。手术13例;自体造血干细胞移植14例;放疗10例。Ch14.18/CHO免疫治疗8例,其中1例因在治疗过程中出现过敏性休克而停止免疫治疗;其余7例完成治疗,期间未观察到严重不良反应。完成免疫治疗患儿中1例复发后进行3次Lu177 Dotatate治疗,目前仍在化疗中。14例患儿中位随访时间为45个月。2年内复发4例,2年内总生存率100%;3年内复发4例,3年内无病存活7例。 结论 儿童4期神经母细胞瘤建议选择多学科联合方案治疗,使4期神经母细胞瘤患儿获得更好的生存及预后。     

神经母细胞瘤规范化诊治的初步经验

目的 总结按日本研究会方案治疗神经母细胞瘤的经验体会.方法 2000年至2006年间诊治新发小儿神经母细胞瘤98例,年龄12 d～144个月,经影像学、24 h尿香草扁桃酸、骨穿和手术病理确诊.按INSS分期,Ⅰ期3例、Ⅱ期13例、Ⅲ期31例、Ⅳ期48例、Ⅵs期3例.治疗方案按日本研究会神经母细胞瘤综合治疗方案98年修订版进行.结果 本组术前新辅助化疗缓解率为49.2%(29/59),手术肉眼完整切除率为60.8%.总体2年生存率为73.4%,总体5年生存率为47.8%,其中Ⅲ期分别为75.0%和58.8%,Ⅳ期分别为64.1%和20.0%.结论 规范化治疗是提高神经母细胞瘤治疗效果的重要手段.日本研究会方案是较为可行的方案之一,可有效提高患儿的生存率.肿瘤肉眼完整切除是神经母细胞瘤综合治疗的重要部分,外科医师参与并掌握治疗方案,是规范化治疗得以执行的保证.     

45例儿童神经母细胞瘤预后因素分析

目的 分析影响儿童神经母细胞瘤（NB）的临床预后因素,期望通过综合性诊断治疗方案改善NB的预后。方法研究对象为1998年10月至2003年12月新诊断为NB患儿,根据年龄及分期分为高、中、低危3组,各组采用包括不同化疗强度的NB综合治疗方案。方案包括确切分期分组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患儿延迟或二次肿瘤根治术,不同强度的化疗方案和完成化疗后全顺维甲酸诱导分化治疗,高危组在化疗结束时接受自身造血干细胞移植（ASCT）。结果年龄6个月至11岁,共45例。I期9例,Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期26例,1Vs期1例。6例在≤2个疗程后好转中放弃治疗;39例按计划治疗,11例接受了ASCT。获得完全缓解（CR）31例（80％）,获得部分缓解（PR）8例（20％）。中位随访期21个月（14个月至64个月）;末次随访时CR24例（62％）,中位CR时间为22个月;带病生存病情稳定4例,总生存率（SR）72％。疾病进展、复发或已死亡11例（28％）。大于18个月、Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期明显影响预后,P分别为0．04、0．003。不同危险组预后不同,P为0．003。肿瘤原发于后腹膜,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患儿手术未能完全切除肿瘤和未能接受ASCT者预后差,但未达统计学有效水平,P=0．092、0．55和0,60。结论NB综合整体治疗方案较为合理。年龄大于18个月、Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期为预后不良因素。肿瘤原发于后腹膜、手术未能完全切除肿瘤和未能接受ASCT预后差,但P未达统计学有效水平。     

大剂量化疗造血干细胞移植治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效研究

目的目前IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿无论采用何种方法治疗均疗效差,长期生存率低,需要探索新的治疗途径。该文采用大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗等方法,试图提高IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效。方法选择IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿28例,年龄2.1~11.5岁,平均3.3±1.9岁,发病时间1~7个月,平均3.1±0.7个月。原发部位:肾上腺23例,胸部3例,胸腹联合1例,骶骨1例。强烈化疗6疗程,期间进行外周血造血干细胞采集、手术切除,然后进行自体外周血造血干细胞移植,术后行局部放疗及13-顺式维甲酸治疗,定期随访。结果28例患儿诱导化疗结束时13例取得完全缓解,11例取得部分缓解,4例化疗中病情进展。完全缓解及部分缓解的24例患儿完成治疗进入本研究。随访3.5±0.7年,两组4年无病生存率29.2%。完全缓解组中位无复发生存时间4.1±0.7年;部分缓解组中位无复发生存时间2.8±0.5年,两组中位无复发生存时间差异有显著性(t=3.9,P<0.01)。结论大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤可取得较好疗效,4年无病生存率29.2%,移植前达到完全缓解时可取得更好疗效     

儿童初治肝母细胞瘤83例临床特征及预后分析

目的探讨肝母细胞瘤(HB)患儿的临床特征、生存情况及预后危险因素。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年10月郑州大学第一附属医院儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的83例初治HB患儿的临床资料, 记录患儿的性别、年龄、首发临床表现、治疗前病变范围(PRETEXT)分期、病理类型、病初甲胎蛋白(AFP)、治疗方法及治疗结果。2018年之前确诊的患儿采用"武汉方案"治疗, 2018年之后确诊的患儿采用"儿童肝母细胞瘤多学科诊疗专家共识(CCCG-HB-2016)"方案治疗。Kaplan-Meier生存分析法计算生存率, 单因素分析采用Log-Rank检验, 多因素预后分析采用Cox回归模型。结果 83例患儿中男51例、女32例;发病年龄25.2(9.0, 34.0)月龄, <3岁64例(77%)。最常见的首发临床表现为腹部包块(45例, 54%)。PRETEXT Ⅰ期8例, Ⅱ期43例, Ⅲ期20例, Ⅳ期12例。随访时间40(17, 63)个月, 全组HB患儿1年总体生存率(OS)和无事件生存率(EFS)分别为(84±4)%和(79±5)%, 5年OS和EFS分别为(78±5)%和(76±...     

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??Objective??To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with stage I testicular germ cell tumors??TGCT????and to discuss the treatment strategy for this disease after radical inguinal orchiectomy. Methods??Clinical data of 41 patients with stage I TGCT at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center??Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between June 2003 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical characteristics??therapy and outcomes were analyzed. Results????1??The median age at diagnosis was 18??3 to 43??months old. Among them??38 children??92.7%?? were younger than 3 years old.The pathological subtype included 35 cases of yolk sac??85.4%????4 immature teratoma??9.7%?? and 2 mixed germ cell tumors??4.9%??.??2??Serum AFP levels were elevated in 38 patients??92.7%??. AFP reduced to normal in 27 cases??71.1%??4 weeks after surgery and in 35 cases??92.1%?? after 2 courses of chemotherapy respectively??but 2 cases of them relapsed with AFP increasing again.??3??Forty out of 41 patients underwent surgery and 3??4 courses of chemotherapy with cyclophosvnamide??vincristine and dactinomycin D??VAC??. One patient received surgery alone. The median follow-up period was 64 months. One of the 32 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy relapsed and then lost follow-up without treatment. The recurrence rate was 3.1% and the 5-year overall survival was 100%. No complication related to chemotherapy occurred during the follow-up. The only one patient treated with surgery alone relapsed at 5 months and achieved complete response after salvage treatment. Conclusion????1??The relationship between the decrease of serum AFP and the prognosis is uncertain and needs to be further studied.??2??Short course chemotherapy with mild toxic side effects can reduce the recurrence rate effectively?? so it can be used as a necessary treatment for patients with high risk of relapse??and it can also be used as a selective treatment for patients with low risk of recurrence.     

晚期儿童肝母细胞瘤的预后分析

目的：探讨晚期儿童肝母细胞瘤（hepatoblastoma,HB）的预后情况。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院儿科2006年4月-2014年7月收治的103例患儿中随访3年以上的30例晚期HB患儿的临床资料,总结其临床疗效和预后情况。结果（1）POG／CCG临床分期：III期12例,完全缓解（CR）10例（83％）;IV期18例,CR 8例（44％）,两组CR率无显著差异（P＝0.08）;（2）血清AFP：30例患儿中28例明显升高,占93％;（3）术前化疗：提高了69％的肿瘤完全切除率;（4）疗效与预后：30例患儿5年总体生存率为58％。胎儿型、POG／CCG III期和肿瘤完全切除患儿生存率明显提高（P＜0.05）。结论儿童晚期HB经综合治疗预后尚可。胎儿型预后较好,但肿瘤未完全切除,POG／CCG IV期及伴有远处转移尤其是肺转移患儿预后仍较差,应尽可能地早期诊断及治疗。     

TREATMENT OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN SECRETING HEPATOBLASTOMA BY RESPONSE OF SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS: A New Concept

Hepatoblastoma, thecommonest primary malignant livertumorin infants and children, is usually associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The authors sought to determine if AFP levels can be used to modify treatment, thereby avoiding the wait for formal imaging studies and prolonged suboptimal treatment and limiting the use of effective but toxic chemotherapy. From April 1984 to December 1997, 8 children were diagnosed with AFP-secreting hepatoblastoma. Serum AFP levels were measured weekly. If AFP levels failed to improve, or increased on at least 2 successive examinations, the chemotherapy protocol was changed. When an excellent response was achieved, less toxic chemotherapy was substituted. Six patients (75%) were disease-free for at least 2 years, some with high-risk or metastatic disease. Two patients died. Six of the 7 nonmetastatic patients (86%) remain disease-free (only one had a resectable tumor). Chemotherapy changes resulted in reduced AFP levels in 7 patients. This study supports the use of AFP monitoring to modify treatment in hepatoblastoma responding to therapy with less toxic drugs and the use of nonstandard therapy when suboptimal responses are obtained.     

TREATMENT OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN SECRETING HEPATOBLASTOMA BY RESPONSE OF SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS: A New Concept

Hepatoblastoma, thecommonest primary malignant livertumorin infants and children, is usually associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The authors sought to determine if AFP levels can be used to modify treatment, thereby avoiding the wait for formal imaging studies and prolonged suboptimal treatment and limiting the use of effective but toxic chemotherapy. From April 1984 to December 1997, 8 children were diagnosed with AFP-secreting hepatoblastoma. Serum AFP levels were measured weekly. If AFP levels failed to improve, or increased on at least 2 successive examinations, the chemotherapy protocol was changed. When an excellent response was achieved, less toxic chemotherapy was substituted. Six patients (75%) were disease-free for at least 2 years, some with high-risk or metastatic disease. Two patients died. Six of the 7 nonmetastatic patients (86%) remain disease-free (only one had a resectable tumor). Chemotherapy changes resulted in reduced AFP levels in 7 patients. This study supports the use of AFP monitoring to modify treatment in hepatoblastoma responding to therapy with less toxic drugs and the use of nonstandard therapy when suboptimal responses are obtained.     

Prospective randomized trial between two doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors: a children's cancer group report

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the time to hematologic recovery (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] > or = 1,000/mm3 and platelet count > or = 100,000/mm3) in a randomized prospective study of two doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (5.0 vs. 10.0 microg/kg per day) after ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy; and 2) to determine the response rate (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) of ICE in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 1992 until November 1994, 123 patients with recurrent or refractory pediatric solid tumors were treated with ifosfamide (1,800 mg/m2 per day x 5), carboplatin (400 mg/m2 per day x 2), and etoposide (100 mg/m2 per day x 5) and randomized to receive either 5.0 microg/kg per day or 10.0 microg/kg per day of G-CSF subcutaneously until recovery of ANC to > or = 1,000/mm3. RESULTS: The incidence of grade 4 neutropenia during the first course was 88%. Median time from the start of chemotherapy to ANC > or = 1,000/mm(-3) for all patients during courses 1 and 2 was 21 and 19 days, respectively. The incidence of developing platelet count < or = 20,000/mm3 during course 1 was 82%. The median time from the start of the course of chemotherapy to platelet recovery > or =100,000/mm3 for all patients during courses 1 and 2 was 27 days. There was no significant difference in the median time of ANC recovery, platelet recovery, or incidence of grade 4 neutropenia; and in the median days of fever and the incidence of infections requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics during courses 1 and 2, there was no significant difference between the two doses of G-CSF. One hundred eighteen patients were evaluated for response to ICE. The overall response rate (CR + PR) in this study was 51% (90% confidence interval, 43%-59%). The CR rate for all diagnostic categories was 27%. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year and 2-year survival probabilities for all patients were 52% and 30%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In summary, this combination of chemotherapy (ICE) was associated with a high CR rate (27%) in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, but also with a high incidence of grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Doubling the dose of G-CSF from 5.0 to 10.0 microg/kg per day after ICE chemotherapy did not result in an enhancement of neutrophil or platelet recovery or the incidence of grade 4 neutropenia developing.     

Response of heavily treated and relapsed hepatoblastoma in the transplanted liver to single-agent therapy with irinotecan

We describe here a patient with relapsed hepatoblastoma after LDLT who developed heart failure, which was treated with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). His native liver was replaced by a liver graft from his mother at 26 months from the onset. However, LDLT failed to induce complete remission and he was diagnosed as relapsed hepatoblastoma six months after LDLT. We again administered cisplatin and doxorubicin. After six courses of chemotherapy, he developed congestive heart failure because of anthracycline toxicity. The chemotherapy regimen was therefore switched to irinotecan at 35 mg/m2 daily for three days/wk for two consecutive weeks, and repeated every 28 days. After four courses of irinotecan, metastatic lesions were remarkably reduced in size, and the serum level of AFP decreased from 0.7 million to 927 ng/mL. No severe side effects were documented and congestive heart failure improved. These results suggest that irinotecan may be safely given to a patient with relapsed hepatoblastoma after LDLT without serious side effects and may contribute to prolonging the survival.