环状软骨上喉部分切除术的探讨

目的　通过对 18例喉癌患者的手术治疗 ,就环状软骨上喉部分切除术的有关问题进行探讨。方法　声门癌T1N0 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 9例 ,T3N0 M0 2例 ,跨声门癌T3N1M0 3例 ,T3N2 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 放射治疗后复发 1例 ,声门下癌T4N0 M0 1例 ;应用三种不同的环状软骨上喉部分切除术技术进行治疗。结果　 3年生存率 94 .4 %。所有患者均于术后第 7～ 4 2天 (平均 17天 )拔除气管套管 ,拔管率 10 0 % ;所有患者均在术后第 14～ 3 0天 (平均 2 2天 )拔除鼻饲管。术后所有患者均完全恢复了喉的发声、呼吸、吞咽及维持声门下压的生理功能。术后的发音情况也令人满意。结论　环状软骨上喉部分切除术打破了以往根据喉癌肿瘤临床分期决定喉部分切除与否的传统观点 ,为喉癌的手术治疗提出了一条新的术式。它在保证完整、安全有效地切除喉肿瘤病灶的同时 ,更加考虑到患者术后的功能及生存质量的改善 ,同时又能达到喉全切除术同样的局部控制率 ,值得推广应用     

喉癌伴肺结核的7例临床分析

1997-2003年,我们治疗了7例喉癌伴肺结核患者,现报告如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 7例喉癌伴肺结核患者,男6例,女1例;年龄38～72岁,平均56.5岁.声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌4例(T3N1M0伴右肺浸润型肺结核1例,T1N0M0伴右肺浸润型肺结核并喉结核1例,T2N0M0伴左肺浸润型肺结核1例,T3N2M0伴右肺空洞性肺结核1例),声门型喉鳞状细胞癌2例(T2N0M0伴左肺浸润型肺结核1例,T1N0M0伴左肺浸润型肺结核1例),声门下型喉鳞状细胞癌1例(T3N2M0伴肺浸润型肺结核).患者均经胸部X线、CT、喉部纤维喉镜及局部组织活检确诊.     

T3N0M0声门型喉癌手术治疗预后因素分析

目的探讨T3N0M0声门型喉癌手术治疗预后影响因素。方法收集81例T3N0M0声门型喉癌手术治疗病例资料,其中部分喉切除47例,全喉切除34例;I5例术后放疗。采用X2检验单因素分析和Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果81例T3N0M0声门型喉癌患者5年疾病特异性生存率67．1％,5年整体生存率58．0％。单因素分析显示年龄、吸烟指数、前联合累及情况、分化程度、5年内局部复发情况和术后颈部转移情况不同组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;多因素分析显示局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、前联合累及情况和分化程度是影响本组患者生存的独立危险因素。结论局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、前联合累及情况和分化程度是影响患者生存率的主要因素,对T3N0M0声门型喉癌采取预防性颈部淋巴结清扫术,重视前联合病变处理是提高患者生存率的关键。     

声门上喉次全切除胸舌骨筋膜瓣成形术

采用声门上喉次全切除术治疗声门上区癌13例,梨状窝癌6例.17例用蒂在下方的胸舌骨筋膜瓣修补喉腔及梨状窝,2例用带有舌骨块的筋膜瓣修补.根据UICC1987年分期标准,声门上区癌T2N0M03例,T2N1M02例,T3N0M03例,T3N1M01例,T3N2M01例,T4N0M01例,T4N1M02例;梨状窝内侧壁癌T2N1M02例,T3N1M02例,T4N0M02例.12例行单侧,1例行双侧选择性颈淋巴清扫术,病理检查报告8例有淋巴结转移,占61.1%,围手术期无死亡.少数患者进食早期有呛咳,13例拔除气管套管.除1例外术后均行根治性放疗.1例术后1.5年复发,行全喉切除后3年颈部复发死亡.1例失访,1例肺转移术后1.5年荷瘤存活.术后未放疗1例在术后1年颈部出现包块,喉内无复发,行化疗.提示声门上及一侧半喉或(及)梨状窝切除采用胸舌骨筋膜瓣成形术可获得满意的喉功能及预后.     

双蒂肌瓣法在跨声门癌手术中的使用

目的 探讨双蒂肌瓣法在跨声门癌手术中使用的效果。方法 对32例跨声门癌患者（T2N0M0 10例,T3N0M0 16例,T3N1M0 2例,T4N1M0 4例）行喉部分切除后用双蒂肌瓣修复,术后接受^60Co放疗。结果 32例均在放疗结束后2个月顺利拔管。术后1年内无复发;1－3年内复发10例,复发率37％,其中癌直径＞4cm者,4例均复发。死亡6例,死于术后2年4例（颈部转移2例,局部复发1例,肺转移1例）,3年2例（颈部转移1例,脑转移1例）。结论 双蒂肌瓣法的应用使原来拟行全喉切除的跨声门癌患者可以行喉部分切除,扩大了喉部分切除术的适应症,提高了喉癌患者的生存质量,且并发症少,假喉室的形成增加了术后拔管率。     

保留杓状软骨喉次全切除喉功能重建的体会

目的　探讨应用保留杓状软骨的喉次全切除喉功能重建术治疗T3 喉癌 (声门及声门上型 )的拔管率和 3、5年生存率。方法　对 2 0例T3 级喉癌 ,其中声门型 3例 (T3 N0 M0 )、声门上型 17例(T3 N1 M0 5例 ,T3 N0 M0 12例 ) ,根据病变范围行保留单侧或双侧杓状软骨喉次全切除及功能重建术 ,并设计环咽吻合术式。结果　 3、5年生存率分别为 16/ 17(94 1% )和 11/ 12 (91 8% )。全部患者均恢复了吞咽和发音功能 ,拔管率为 95 0 %。结论　保留杓状软骨喉次全切除及功能重建术是治疗T3 喉癌的一种很好术式。手术的关键是不能损伤杓状软骨及喉返神经 ,设计好环咽吻合方案。     

牛心包补片在喉部分切除术组织缺损修复中的应用

喉部分切除术后组织缺损的一期修复,恢复喉的生理功能是近年来喉癌治疗的常用方法.2006年7月～2009年5月,兰州军区总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科采用心包补片对T2、T3声门及声门上型喉癌行喉垂直部分切除术后喉组织缺损进行修复与喉功能重建,疗效良好,报告如下.1 资料与方法1.1临床资料本组患者共26例,均为完成术后随访2年的喉癌患者,其中男25例,女1例;42～72岁,平均61岁;病程0.2～1.8年.按UICC临床分类标准,声门型21例,其中T2N0M019例,T3N0M01例,T3N1M01例;声门上型4例,其中T2N0M03例,T2N1M01例.病理诊断均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化鳞癌18例(声门型14例、声门上型4例),中分化鳞癌6例(声门型4例、声门上型2例),低分化鳞癌2例(声门型1例、声门上型1例).     

喉癌术后迟发性感染32例报告

目的探讨喉癌患者术后出现迟发性感染的原因和治疗方法.方法患者均为男性,平均58岁;声门上区21例(T1NOMO 5例、T1N1MO 6例、T1N2MO 4例、T2N0M0 2例、T2N1MO3例、T3N2MO 1例),声门区10例(T2NOMO 3例、T3N0M0 4例、T3N1M0 3例),外院全喉切除术后1例(TNM分期不详);喉重建术31例,术后18例(56.25%)患者接受放疗.迟发性感染发生在术后1～10个月,平均术后5.6个月;1～3个月13例,4～6个月16例,7～10个月3例,合并颌下隙感染2例.静脉应用广谱抗生素同时切开排脓或行局部扩大清创术,32例中23例(72.5%)切口内发现缝合丝线头.结果10例10d左右完全愈合,22例愈合时间为15d～0.5年,平均2个月.随访2月～8年,失访5例,20例患者存活,9例患者拔管保留喉功能,死亡7例.结论迟发性感染的主要原因是颈部切口留有缝线、细菌感染、手术局部血运差、放射治疗等.     

黏膜管成形一期发音功能重建在晚期喉癌手术中的应用

目的 研究晚期喉癌切除一期发音功能重建.对失去喉部分切除机会的晚期喉癌患者用黏膜管成形法进行一期发音功能重建术.方法 1991年10月至2006年5月共行手术46例,男41例,女5例,平均年龄54岁.声门型喉癌17例,其中T3N0M0 12例,T3N1M0 5例;声门上型喉癌27例,其中T3N1M016例,T4N1M05例,13NOM06例;梨状窝癌2例,均为T4NI M0,侵及喉部并累及对侧.手术仅保留一侧残余杓状软骨并摘除,利用残余黏膜与延续到气管的黏膜瓣和下咽部黏膜缝合成黏膜管而重建发音功能.结果 46例患者有41例取得了良好的发音效果而无误咽.Kaplan-Meier法计算5年生存率为76%.结论 黏膜管成形法重建发音功能可使部分晚期喉癌患者在喉切除后用自身材料一期发音功能重建而取得较理想的发音和吞咽功能.     

早期声门型喉癌CO_2激光手术治疗CSCD

目的总结探讨在支撑显微喉镜下通过CO2激光微创手术治疗早期声门型喉癌的疗效。方法对2007年1月~2012年12月于福建省立医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受CO2激光手术治疗的91例早期声门型喉癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果全部患者CO2激光手术后随访25~96个月,2例患者失访(视为死亡),1例患者于术后81个月死于肺癌,喉功能保留率为96.70%(88/91);10例患者出现局部复发,复发率为11.00%(10/91),T1a复发率为12.12%(4/33),T1b复发率为9.10%(3/33),T2复发率为20.00%(3/15),组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.645,P>0.05)。前连合受累患者的复发率为28.57%(6/21),前连合未受累的患者复发率为5.71%(4/70),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.628,P<0.05)。5年整体生存率为93.20%,局部区域(喉+颈部淋巴结)5年控制率(无肿瘤复发和转移的比率)86.70%。结论支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌的疗效可靠,创伤小,喉功能保全好,恢复快,并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

Results of treatment of 584 laryngeal cancers at the Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic of Marburg University

The results in the management of 460 vocal cord carcinomas and 124 supraglottic carcinomas are reported. Of the vocal cord carcinomas, 63.3% were diagnosed in the early Tis and T1 stage. Seventy-six tumors were resected endoscopically, 128 by laryngofissure and chordectomy. Not one of these patients has lost his life, larynx or voice. In bilateral tumors of the T1b category, 2 patients developed local recurrences and lost their larynx. Sixty-two carcinomas of the Tis, T1a and T1b categories were irradiated primarily. Two of these patients died and 14 underwent laryngectomy for local recurrence. In T2 carcinomas a 5-year cure rate of 87.5% was achieved by vertical partial resection. The 5-year cure rate after laryngectomy or laryngectomy with neck dissection for T2N0 and T2N+ carcinoma was 86.2% and 75.0% respectively. Most treatment failures were due to late metastases which could not be controlled. In T3 carcinomas with a 5-year cure rate of 71.4% (N0) and 70.0% (N+) respectively, treatment failures were also mainly seen in patients with N0 necks where we did not carry out a prophylactic neck dissection. Five-year survival rates for primary surgery in supraglottic T1-T4 carcinomas were 100%, 82.4%, 84% and 58.3%. The widely hel opinion that laryngeal carcinoma should only be subjected to surgery for irradiation failure can no longer be sustained. More patients lose their larynx or their life after irradiation of small carcinomas than after primary surgery. Furthermore, too many patients have to undergo two major cancer treatments (irradiation and salvage surgery). In larger carcinomas radiotherapy produces a lower survival rate and too many patients require two stressful cancer therapies. The number of retained larynges is not substantially higher than with primary surgery. Primary irradiation for selected cases should be part of every therapy concept that aims at an adequate and individual treatment of every patient.     

205例喉癌的手术方式与远期疗效分析

目的分析1990年以来喉癌手术治疗的方法及其远期疗效，以改进治疗并提高生存率。方法对1990年1月-2004年10月间手术治疗的205例病例进行临床随访、病历资料分析。其中声门上型52例，声门型149例，声门下型4例；按UICC 1997年分期标准Ⅰ期48例，Ⅱ期88例，Ⅲ期44例，Ⅳ期25例。行支撑喉镜下声带切除术1例，撕皮术2例，喉裂开声带切除术9例，未行气管切开的喉垂直部分切除术16例，喉垂直部分切除术25例，水平半喉切除术7例，Arslan（咽气管吻合）手术15例，环舌骨会套固定术（criicohyoidoepidottopexy，CHEP）57例，喉次全切除术16例，喉全切除术57例。结果205例仅4例失访，Kaplan—Meier法统计总的1年生存率96．0％，3年生存率84．8％，5年生存率为79．4％，其中声门上型1年生存率88．3％，3年为67．5％，5年为65．0％；声门型1年生存率99．3％，3年为91．3％，5年为84．7％，喉功能保存率72．7％。早期肿瘤（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）与晚期肿瘤（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），肿瘤不同发病部位（声门型、声门上型）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论喉癌手术治疗效果好，喉功能保存率高，其预后与肿瘤分期、发病部位有关。提倡严格掌握手术指征，在保证手术安全边缘的情况下，制定个体化治疗方案，运用最优的手术切除和功能重建方法，综合治疗，提高生存质量。     

Upper neck (level II) dissection for N0 neck supraglottic carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Elective neck dissection for the N0 neck in head and neck surgery is still controversial. This prospective nonrandomized study of N0 supraglottic carcinoma was designed to find an appropriate method of neck management. STUDY DESIGN: Anatomical studies show that the first echelon of lymphatic drainage from the supraglottic larynx is toward the upper jugular nodes (level II). An upper neck dissection (UND) was applied and all the lymph nodes were sent for frozen section. If the subclinical metastasis was found, a modified neck dissection was performed. If the nodes harbored no foci of cancer, the patients were observed after surgery on the supraglottic lesions. METHODS: Patient records of 142 patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer (T1-4N0M0) were reviewed, with special attention paid to neck recurrences and survival rates. The cases were treated between 1976 and 1990 and all were observed for at least 5 years after the operation or until the time of death. RESULTS: The UND specimens of 142 patients were negative for metastasis. The 5-year survival rate for this group after surgery was 80.8%, according to the life table analysis. Fifteen of the 142 patients (10.6%) had neck recurrences during the period of observation within 5 years. The recurrence rate of this series with limited dissection on the neck was comparable with those reported in the literature after neck dissection, either radical or modified. CONCLUSIONS: There is no need for a comprehensive neck dissection for N0 supraglottic laryngeal cancer. A selective neck dissection such as UND (level II) or a supraomohyoid neck dissection (sparing the submandibular region) of level II and III will serve the purpose of radical neck treatment for the supraglottic cancer.     

声门上癌术后颈淋巴结的转移与再发

探讨选择性颈廓清术在声门上癌手术治疗中的作用。方法总结１９８１－１９９３年治疗的５８２例声门上癌术后颈淋巴结转移及廓清侧转移淋巴结再发情况。结果Ｔ３、Ｔ４病例３９２例,而Ｔ３Ｎ＋、Ｔ４Ｎ＋１４７例。     

Transoral CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> laser management for selected supraglottic tumors and neck dissection

This study aimed to evaluate transoral laser resection as a method of choice for conservation surgery for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma in carefully selected patients. Between 1987 and 2006, 55 patients with early supraglottic carcinoma were selected for transoral laser surgery. The outcome of the endoscopic CO₂ laser resection and larynx-sparing functional results without tracheotomy was evaluated. Fifty-five patients with T1, T2 supraglottic carcinomas underwent transoral CO₂ laser resection and seven patients with manifest neck metastasis required a neck dissection at one session with additional postoperative radiation therapy. There was no need for tracheotomy; deglutition was moderately disturbed. Forty of the 55 (73%) patients had no signs of recurrence to date. Fifteen patients with local recurrences underwent salvage therapies: six repeated laser excisions, three radiotherapies, four supraglottic laryngectomies and two total laryngectomies. Laser-specific survival is 84% and larynx preservation is 96%. The overall 5-year-survival after salvage treatment is 98%. Development of late metastasis required five radical neck dissections (RND) and radiation therapy. The results indicated that transoral laser resection can control early supraglottic cancer in selected patients and can be combined with simultaneous neck dissection with less morbidity than “open surgery”.     

The role of supraomohyoid neck dissection at the time of supraglottic laryngectomy

Uncontrolled cervical metastasis is the most common source of failure in the surgical treatment of supraglottic carcinoma. This study was designed to determine the value of supraomohyoid neck dissection in patients undergoing supraglottic laryngectomy. The rationale for considering the role of supraomohyoid neck dissection is that such a dissection encompasses the subdigastric and midjugular nodes which are the first echelon of lymphatic drainage of the supraglottic larynx. Thirty-eight patients with a diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the supraglottis were treated by subtotal supraglottic laryngectomy (SSL). Ten patients underwent SSL with no neck dissection, 16 patients underwent SSL with supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHD)--9 unilateral and 7 bilateral, and 12 patients underwent SSL with radical neck dissection (RND). The 3 groups had comparable T classifications. All of the SSL and SSL with SOHD patients were classified as N0. Of the 12 patients treated with SSL and RND, 4 were classified as N0, 4 as N1, 3 as N2, and 1 as N3. The patients were studied to determine the incidence and pattern of subsequent neck disease, survival, complications, and length of hospitalization. The data indicates that supraomohyoid neck dissection offers little benefit as an adjunct to supraglottic laryngectomy.     

Management of the N0 Neck During Salvage Laryngectomy

Background: Radiotherapy is effective treatment for laryngeal carcinoma. Early-stage laryngeal carcinoma has a low incidence of cervical metastasis. Patients initially clinically N0 usually remain N0 when they fail at the primary site. The incidence of subclinical metastasis in these patients is not well described. Watchful waiting or elective neck dissections are advocated. Objective: Examine the incidence of subclinical metastatic disease in patients undergoing elective neck dissections with salvage laryngectomy. Study Design: Prospective study (1991–1996) of patients who failed radiotherapy and underwent salvage laryngectomy with elective neck dissection. Methods: Thirty-four patients underwent salvage laryngectomy with neck dissection (30 bilateral, 4 unilateral). All were clinically N0 at initial presentation and remained N0 at recurrence. Pathologic study of the neck dissection specimens was undertaken. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 4 y). Results: The male-to-female ratio was 4.5:1, with a mean age of 62 years (range, 38 to 75 y). Metastatic disease was present in 6 patients (17%); 4 of 14 (28%) supraglottis and 2 of 20 (10%) glottic. Presence of disease in the neck according to stage at recurrence was as follows: T2, 2 of 12; T3, 3 of 14; and T4, 2 of 8. Neck disease was ipsilateral in 4 and contralateral in 2 patients (both supraglottic primaries). Conclusions: Subclinical cervical metastasis may be present in N0 laryngeal carcinoma patients who have recurrence following radiotherapy. Morbidity of a lateral neck dissection is minimal, with excellent control of the neck being possible. Supraglottic and advanced glottic (T3-T4) patients may benefit the most.     

Partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma

With the growing acceptance of nonsurgical therapies for laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), it has become important to delineate surgical salvage strategies for disease recurrences. Total laryngectomy is often recommended, but appropriately selected laryngeal recurrences may be treated successfully with partial laryngeal surgery: laryngeal function can be preserved with oncological efficacy. The main available studies dealing with partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma were critically reviewed. The most appealing feature of salvage transoral laser surgery (TLS) is the opportunity to make tumor-tailored excisions without any reconstructive limitations and retaining the option to switch to open partial laryngectomy. A recent detailed review of 11 series found a pooled local control rate of 57% after a first TLS procedure. Supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) seems to achieve good local control rates in selected cases of recurrent supraglottic-glottic carcinoma: one review considering seven series calculated that 85% of the patients treated with salvage SCL after radiotherapy experienced no local recurrence; and total laryngectomy after failure of salvage SCL afforded an overall local control rate of 65%. Neck dissection is mandatory in all cases of local LSCC recurrence with evidence of neck metastases, and routine elective neck dissection is recommended for recurrent supraglottic and transglottic cancers.     

声门上型喉癌的分区性颈清扫术

目的;探讨分区性（局限性）颈清扫术治疗声门上型喉癌的作用。方法 根据喉的淋巴引流解剖特点,设计了上颈淋巴结清扫术（颈内静脉上组）对１９７６～１９９０年入院治疗的１６８你声门上型喉癌患者（其中Ｎ０１４９例,Ｎ１１９例）采用了此术处理颈部,结果：１６８例上颈淋巴结病理检查均无淋巴结转移。５年观察后有１７例出现颈部转移,其颈部复发率与经典性全颈清扫术相同,全组５年生存率７２．６％（１２２／１２８）结论。     

Transoral carbon dioxide laser supraglottic laryngectomy and irradiation in stage I, II, and III squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: report of Southwest Oncology Group Phase 2 Trial S9709

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility, functional outcome, and disease control of endoscopic surgery and irradiation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. DESIGN: Prospective, single-arm, phase 2 multi-institutional trial. SETTING: Southwest Oncology Group trial S9709. PATIENTS: Thirty-four patients diagnosed as having stage I, stage II, or selected stage III (T1-2N1M0) supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma enrolled from September 15, 1997, to December 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS: Transoral supraglottic laryngectomy by carbon dioxide laser followed by planned postoperative radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three-year progression-free survival, proportion of patients requiring tracheostomy as a result of surgery, and time to adequate oral intake. RESULTS: All 34 patients underwent surgery without major protocol deviation. Thirty-two patients (94%) completed planned postoperative radiotherapy without major deviation. At the time of analysis, only 1 patient (3%) had documented local disease recurrence at the primary disease site and required salvage total laryngectomy, and 2 patients (6%) had documented regional recurrence and required salvage neck dissection. Estimated 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 79% and 88%, respectively. No subjects required tracheostomy as a direct consequence of endoscopic resection. Patients who required tracheostomy before endoscopic resection due to either obstructive tumor bulk or unfavorable anatomy that precluded safe intubation (4 patients [12%]) were all decannulated in the early postoperative period (相似文献