贵州省独山县城关镇癫痫流行病学调查

独山县城关镇癫痫的患病率和发病率分别为196.6/10万和9.8/10万,原发性癫痫占65％,有明确原因的继发性癫痫占35％。遗传因素对其发病有一定影响。进行药物治疗组的预后显著优于未治疗组。     

山西省泽州县“癫痫的社区控制”研究

癫痫的社区控制方案是20世纪80年代中期世界卫生组织针对发展中国家提出的，目的是通过培训过的乡村医生，采用单一苯巴比妥来治疗和管理惊厥性癫痫患者。1986年～1991年由北京神经外科研究所牵头，先后在我国四川省仁寿县、北京市大兴县、宁夏的吴忠市和山西泽州县的部分农村进行了可行性试验，取得了显著效果。     

脑电图癫痫改变208例病因分析

癫痫（epilepsy．EP）人群患病率为5‰左右．多在儿童期发病，一旦患病、患者很痛苦且病程长。本文就EP的可能病因及脑电图（EEG）改变等予以分析、探讨如下。     

癫痫宁片治疗难治性癫痫临床分析

目的观察癫痫宁片添加治疗难治性癫痫的疗效。方法35例难治性癫痫,强直一阵挛发作6例,复杂部分性发作12例,部分性发作继发全身发作17例．在应用传统抗癫痫药物的基础上加用癫痫宁片治疗,进行自身对照的开放性研究。结果癫痛宁片添加治疗难治性癫痫总的疗效发作减少≥50％,占22例(64％)。其中发作减少≥75％,11例(31％),发作消失4例(11．4％),无明显不良反应,耐受性良好。结论癫痫宁片添加治疗对难治性强直发作,复杂部分发作、部分性发作继发全身性发作具有良好疗效,不良反应少。     

林芝地区麻风病流行病学分析

目的　分析林芝地区麻风病学和评价防治效果。方法　利用流行病学资料进行分析。结果　全地区 196 5— 2 0 0 1年初累计发现麻风病患者 6 5 9例 ,其中治愈 5 95例 (90 3%) ,死亡 5 6例 (8 5 %) ,无失访和迁出病例 ,至 2 0 0 1年初尚有现症病人 8例。全区患病率以 1979年最高达 2 78‰ ,以此为基数 ,2 0 0 1年初降至 0 0 5‰ ,总下降了 98 2 %;发病率同最高的 1970年的 70 2 10万为基数 ,2 0 0 1年初降至 1 9 10万 ,下降了 97 3。 196 5— 1987年前主要用DDS和藏药联合治疗。 1988— 2 0 0 1年逐渐在全地区推广WHO—联合化疗方案的应用。结论　通过多种形式发现病人 ,开展大规模调查和有效的治疗 ,林芝地区麻防工作成效显著。     

脑卒中后继发性癫痫临床治疗体会

目的本文主要针对脑卒中后继发性癫痫临床治疗进行探讨和分析,研究出癫痫发作与病情变化之间的关系。方法采用回顾性分析法,对本院接受到的脑卒中患者的临床资料和门诊资料作以分析。结果经回顾性分析得出,脑卒中患者继发性癫痫的发生率为7.80%,其中早发性癫痫比迟发性癫痫率大。结论对脑卒中继发性癫痫进行分析和研究,得出较好的方法进行临床治疗,有效控制患者的发病情况。     

贵州省人群精神发育迟滞流行病学抽样调查

精神发育迟滞是指18岁以前发育阶段由于遗传因素、环境因素或社会因素等各种原因所引起,临床表现为智力明显低下和社会适应能力缺陷为主要特征的一组疾病.     

山西省不同人群牙龈出血 牙石状况抽样调查分析

<正>2005—2007年山西省口腔流行病调查组参加了第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查。现将山西省12岁、35～44岁、65～74岁城乡人群牙龈出血、牙石状况抽样调查结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象:包括3个标准年龄组,分别为12岁、35～44岁、65～     

孕期癫痫的药物治疗

<正>癫痫是很常见的神经系统疾病,其患病率约 5‰,除脑外伤所致癫痫外,男女的患病率基本相同。癫痫发作及服用抗癫痫药物(AEDs)可以对育龄妇女产生很多不利影响,并进而影响到患者妊     

婴儿良性癫痫26例临床分析

目的：通过时26例婴儿良性癫痫的临床观察及12—27个月的随访,进一步探讨婴儿良性癫痫的诊断方法及疗程。方法：对我院2003年7月-2004年10月神经专科门诊及病房就诊的婴儿良性癫痫患儿26例的临床资料进行分析和随访观察。结果：经12-27个月随访．所有患儿临床发作于起病8个月内停止,发作停止均达12个月以上。结论：应注意总结婴儿良性癫痫的临床特点,因其病程短、预后佳,可考虑缩短疗程。     

Pharmacotherapy for children and adolescents with epilepsy

Introduction: Childhood epilepsies are the most frequent neurological problems that occur in children. Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 25 – 30% of children with epilepsy remain refractory to medical therapy.

Areas covered: This review aims to highlight the main published data on the treatment of childhood epilepsy. The electronic database, PubMed, and abstract proceedings were used to identify studies. The aim of antiepileptic therapy should be to provide complete seizure control, if possible without the burden of any side effect. Since 1993, new agents have been approved for use as an antiepileptic. Although there are few published data (especially in pediatric populations) to establish that the second-generation AEDs are more efficacious than the older AEDs, they appear to have better tolerability.

Expert opinion: Old AEDs are efficacious agents that continue to play a major role in the current treatment of epilepsy. These agents actually remain the first-line treatment for many specific seizure types or epileptic syndromes. The new AEDs were initially approved as adjunct agents and – subsequently – as monotherapy for various seizure types in the adult and children. Despite these improvements, few AEDs are now considered to be a first-choice for the treatment of epilspsy in children.     

星形胶质细胞功能异常诱发癫痫机制的研究进展

癫痫是一种由于大脑神经元异常同步放电引起的脑功能障碍综合征,发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明。近年来越来越多的实验与临床研究显示,星形胶质细胞在癫痫的病理过程中起到了重要作用,有可能成为药物干预癫痫的新靶点。该文综述了星形胶质细胞由于功能以及与神经元之间信号调控异常从而诱发癫痫的分子机制的研究进展。     

难治性癫痫及其治疗研究

难治性癫痫指经2种或2种以上一线推荐、合理应用的抗癫痫药物单独或联合应用,血药浓度在有效范围内,但癫痫发作乃不能得到满意控制者。本文综述相关诊断、预测因素及治疗策略。     

癫痫及智能障碍烫伤的治疗

总结癫痫及智能障碍烫伤的治疗经验。方法 :选择 1989年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月 34例癫痫及智能障碍烫伤患者并对其烫伤原因及临床治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 :34例中治愈 32例 ,死亡 2例。其中 4例创面经换药愈合 ,2 8例通过植皮或皮瓣修复 ,9例因疤痕严重影响外观及功能需二期整复。结论 :看护不当及癫痫患者未正规服药治疗是发生烫伤的主要原因。伤后应预防癫痫发作 ,如遇环形深度创面应及时切开减压 ,以及深度创面尽早植皮或皮瓣修复是治疗的关键     

病因治疗对卒中后继发性癫痫的治疗意义

目的：探讨病因治疗对卒中后继发性癫痫的治疗意义,以为临床提供参考。方法：对本院2008年3月-2011年4月收治的568例急性脑卒中患者的临床资料进行分析,其中卒中后继发性癫痫38例,对38例患者给予控制血糖、血脂、血压,抗血小板聚集、改善循环等病因治疗及抗癫痫治疗。结果：38例患者经过治疗后显效26例（68．4％）,有效10例（26-3％）,无效2例（5．3％）。总有效率为94．7％。结论：病因治疗可减少脑卒中患者脑组织的损害程度,减少神经细胞的异常放电,对治疗卒中后继发性癫痫有重要意义,值得推广应用。     

Intravenous carbamazepine for the treatment of epilepsy

Introduction: Recently, an intravenous formulation of carbamazepine (CBZ) (sulphobutylether-7-beta-cyclodextrine carbamazepine, SBECD CBZ) has been developed and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is indicated as a short-term replacement therapy for oral CBZ formulations, when oral administration is temporarily not feasible and in adults with focal seizures with complex symptomatology as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures and mixed seizure patterns.

Areas covered: This review focuses on the drug development, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous CBZ and provides a comprehensive overview of the studies assessing its clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety in adults with epilepsy.

Expert opinion: Intravenous CBZ has favorable pharmacokinetics and is well tolerated and safe when used as a short-term substitution for oral CBZ. Seizure control was unchanged after switching from oral to IV formulations. Overall, this new formulation represents a useful option to enhance continuity of care in adults with focal or generalized tonic-clonic seizures when oral CBZ administration is temporarily unfeasible. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of IV CBZ used at larger doses (above 1600 mg/day), for a period longer than 7 days or for other indications not approved by FDA, such as prolonged convulsive seizures and status epilepticus.     

多处软脑膜下横纤维切断治疗难治性癫痫30例

目的 解决难治性癫痫特别是位于重要功能区痫灶的手术处理。方法 对30例难治灶癫痫病人进行了病灶切除上皮层多处软脑膜下横纤维切断术,利用皮层电极反复描记,在手术显微镜下操作,直至整个术野棘尖波消失,脑电波全部趋于正常,术前术后均行神经心理学评定。结果术后随访2～27个月,显效率83．3—,有效率93．3%,随访期未见任何运动、感觉,语言功能的损害。结论 该手术疗效肯定,尤其在功能区手术,术后未出现手术并发症,取得了较好的癫痫发作控制及功能保护疗效。     

Topiramate and its clinical applications in epilepsy

Topiramate, a derivative of the monosaccharide d-fructose, has shown a wide spectrum of antiepileptic efficacy in both animal models and clinical trials. Multiple putative mechanisms of action include voltage-sensitive sodium channel blockade, calcium channel inhibition, increase of potassium conductance, GABA-mediated chloride current increment, glutamate-mediated neurotransmission inhibition and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme inhibition. In general, the clinical response is maintained in the long-term. The most common side effects include somnolence, fatigue, headache, psychomotor slowing, confusion, difficulty with memory, impaired concentration and attention, speech and language problems and weight loss. If slowly titrated and used at a low-to-medium dosage, it is well tolerated and offers a valid therapeutic option, the relevance of which is comparable to that of the most widely used ‘old’ antiepileptic drugs. As it is not yet wholly clear which specific epilepsy syndromes may benefit most from topiramate with respect to other drugs, more accurate indications for initial monotherapy would require syndrome-oriented trials and more clinical experience.