全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人先天性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia hip,DDH）髋臼假体的选择和手术方法。方法全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良24例26个髋;年龄41～68岁,平均52岁。按照Perner分型,其中Ⅰ度10髋应用普通髋臼假体置换,Ⅱ度9髋选用螺旋臼假体,Ⅲ度5髋及度Ⅳ2髋选用小号髋臼假体,真臼部位安置髋臼假体,均为生物型固定,无结构性植骨。结果随访0．5～3．5年,假体与骨床结合牢固,患髋关节疼痛消失,关节功能基本正常,Harris评分平均86分。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的有效方法,针对髋臼病变程度的不同分别采用不同类型髋臼假体置换,配合术中的正确操作能简化手术,减少并发症,提高疗效。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良的临床疗效分析

目的分析先天性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）行全髋置换的治疗效果,探讨其手术方法和假体的选择。方法回顾分析2004年6月至2007年6月收治的65例（78髋）成人先天性髋关节发育不良患者,男19例,女46例;年龄33～64岁,平均42岁。按Crowe分型标准,Ⅰ型12例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ型24例,Ⅳ型16例;术前Harris评分35～78分（平均42.7分）,Ⅰ～Ⅱ型患者行常规全髋置换,Ⅲ型患者髋臼骨质缺损部植骨后行全髋置换,Ⅳ型患者股骨短缩截骨后使用特殊假体。结果65例患者均获得随访,随访时间2.5～5.5年,术后Harris评分68～94分（平均84分）,除2例CroweⅣ型患者术后患肢大腿内侧出现麻木（给予功能锻炼、药物治疗后,分别于术后半年、1年后症状消失）,其余患者无骨折、感染、深静脉血栓形成或假体松动、脱位等并发症,CroweⅣ患者截骨处骨愈合均良好。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎、脱位的有效方法,但手术难度大,应针对髋臼病变程度的不同及术前情况制定合适的方案,采用不同的关节假体,配合术中的正确操作,才能提高疗效,减少并发症。     

全髋关节置换结构性植骨治疗髋臼发良不良伴股骨头坏死

目的：评价全髋关节置换、结构性植骨治疗髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死的近期手术效果。方法：对9例髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死患者行全髋关节置换、结构性植骨术的治疗，髋臼杯置于真臼，之后行髋臼结构性植骨。结果：平均随访3．5年，除1例患者夜间睡眠时发生髋关节后脱位，其余病例均未出现脱位。术后3个月X线片提示结构性植骨块愈合良好，假体无移位，患髋活动灵活。结论：全髋关节置换、结构性植骨治疗髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死近期手术效果良好。     

Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎早期疗效

目的探讨使用Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良（DDH）继发骨关节炎的早期疗效。方法使用Zweymtiller双锥面螺旋臼假体及sL柄治疗16例DDH继发骨性关节炎患者（18髋）,髋臼假体均安放于真臼位置,其中4例5髋Ⅲ型行髋臼植骨;6例7髋Ⅲ型未行髋臼植骨;6例Ⅳ型未行髋臼植骨,采用转子下短缩截骨髋关节置换治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间10～40（22．6±9．1）个月。患者术后疼痛均基本消失。Harris评分：术前22—61（43．5±5．2）分,末次随访时72～97（85．3±6．7）分。1例术后出现股神经损伤症状,6个月时症状基本消失。结论使用Zweymtiller螺旋臼假体治疗DDH继发骨性关节炎,关节功能可以达到良好的恢复,早期效果满意。     

成人髋关节发育不良全髋置换术探讨

目的探讨成人髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）全髋关节置换术的临床方法与疗效。方法1995年1月至2007年6月对成人DDH施行全髋关节置换术39例42髋,男性3例3髋,女性36例39髋,平均年龄51岁（41～67岁）。其中CroweⅠ～Ⅱ型32例33髋,CroweⅢ型6例8髋,CroweⅢ～Ⅳ型1例1髋。采用常规髋关节置换术,恢复髋关节旋转中心32例33髋。采用自体股骨头结构性植骨重建髋臼旋转中心6例8髋。采用S—ROM高组配式假体1例1髋。平均随访时间3．5年。结果Harris评分术后平均89分,较术前改善46分。优27例,良9例,中2例,差1例,优良率达到84．6％。1例评分为差者随访3年,有疼痛与假体松动征象。本组双下肢短缩均有明显改善,未出现感染、脱位、神经损伤并发症。结论对成人DDH应用Crowe分型结合不同方法行全髋关节置换,通过结构性植骨重建髋臼旋转中心,假体行生物型固定,应用高组配式假体均为可靠而有效的方法。     

全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理

目的探讨全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理。方法2002年1月至2007年6月收治资料较完整的全髋关节翻修术患者共55例，其中行髋臼假体翻修术的患者有36例，男8例，女28例；年龄52～86岁，平均73岁。左髋13例，右髋23例。髋臼翻修原因：髋臼假体松动20例，髋臼和股骨假体均有明显松动12例；头臼不匹配2例；髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例。髋臼骨缺损21例，按照美国矫形外科学会（AAOS）分类标准：Ⅰ型：节段性骨缺损6例；Ⅱ型：腔隙性骨缺损9例；Ⅲ型：混合型骨缺损6例。结果36例中，4例仅翻修髋臼侧假体，保留原股骨假体；3例更换了磨损严重的聚乙烯内衬，未予更换金属假体，其余29例均行全髋关节置换翻修术。髋臼骨缺损21例中，6例使用颗粒骨打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，2例为结构性和颗粒性打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，9例为结构性植骨＋颗粒打压植骨后，使用金属加强环＋骨水泥假体，1例为结构性植骨后，使用常规髋臼假体，3例仅对局部骨缺损部位进行植骨未予更换稳定的金属假体。随访时间6～68个月，平均39个月。Harris评分由术前的平均48分，提高至随访时平均89分。结论机械性磨损是人工髋关节松动翻修的主要原因；翻修时，假体的选择和骨缺损的处理要根据患者个体情况差异和术中具体情况综合考虑；周密的术前计划、准备多种类型髋臼假体供术中选择、充分自体和异体植骨是保证手术顺利进行的根本。     

结构性植骨全髋关节置换在成人高位先天性髋关节脱位中的应用

[目的]探讨结构性植骨全髋关节置换治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的临床疗效。[方法]2003年8月～2006年10月,采用结构性植骨全髋置换治疗成人高位先髋脱位22例,29髋。男10例,女12例。左13例,右16例,年龄平均34.6岁(23～42岁)。临床症状主要为患髋疼痛、不稳定和跛行。术前Harris评分平均为46.8分,双下肢长度差异平均为3.8cm,股骨头脱位高度平均为3.9cm,髋关节平均活动度:屈曲66.5°,外展23.8°,外旋20.4°,内旋5.3°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,自体股骨头结构性植骨使臼杯完全覆盖,充分软组织松解后髋关节复位。髋臼侧选用骨水泥假体18髋、小髋臼生物型假体5髋和普通生物型髋臼6髋;股骨侧选用生物型假体10髋、普通骨水泥假体13髋、窄直柄水泥假体柄4髋和长柄骨水泥假体柄2髋。观察手术时间、出血量、关节活动度、双下肢长度差异、并发症等并进行Harris关节功能评分。[结果]本组平均手术时间95min(70～135min),出血400ml(300～650ml);伤口均一期愈合,无1例感染;术后1周X线片示假体位置良好,人工髋臼外展角平均为48.6°,前倾角平均13.2°。本组22例均获随访,随访时间平均17.6个月(10～47个月),Harris评分平均89.2分(72～93分);髋关节平均活动度:屈曲115.3°,外展44.6°,外旋49.5°,内旋26.8°。双下肢长度差异平均1.2cm,2例术后股神经麻痹,术后4个月内恢复。随访期间未见明显植骨块吸收、假体松动和脱位。[结论]结构性植骨全髋关节置换是治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的一种有效方法,很大程度地改善了患者的症状、功能和外形。结构性植骨可提供良好的髋臼覆盖,恢复髋关节旋转中心高度并可保留骨盆骨量。脱位高度小于4cm经软组织充分松解后能下拉复位,不会造成股神经及坐骨神经永久性麻痹。     

髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的　总结采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎和功能障碍的经验。方法　 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,对 96例 112髋 (双侧 16例 )成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术。其中 ,半脱位 73髋 ,低位脱位 18髋 ,高位脱位 2 1髋。髋臼侧均采用真臼位置重建 ,其中骨水泥固定 16髋 ,非骨水泥固定 96髋 ,植骨 11髋 ;采用常规置换 83髋 ;磨削加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2 7髋 ;髋臼外上缘自体股骨头植骨加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2髋。结果　患者术后伤口均一期愈合 ,未发生感染或血管神经损伤 ,患肢长度平均延长 1 7cm。随访 85例 98髋 ,平均随访 3 5年 ,关节疼痛缓解 ,活动功能满意 ,Harris评分由术前的平均 33 9分恢复到平均 89 3分 ,无假体松动和翻修病例。X线片显示 ,关节假体位置正常 ,人工髋臼的平均外展角4 4° ,宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为 96 6 % ,金属臼杯与宿主髋臼之间未见透光线 ;11髋髋臼侧植骨病例中 ,植骨块与宿主骨愈合良好 ,未见骨吸收现象。结论　全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的有效方法 ;术前应充分考虑髋关节发育不良的原发及继发性病理改变 ,尽可能在真臼位置重建髋臼     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良过程中髋臼重建的方法及临床效果。方法1996年7月～2006年7月收治36例髋关节发育不良患者，按Crowe方法分型：Ⅰ型13例，Ⅱ型8例，Ⅲ型8例，Ⅳ型7例，所有患者均进行全髋关节置换术，术中采用自体股骨头及髂骨在髋臼周围做结构性植骨，髋臼旋转中心内移重建髋臼。术前和随访时采用摄片观察和Harris评分对髋关节功能进行评估。结果术后随访9个月～10年（平均6．3年）。所有移植骨块经X线片证实均与宿主骨愈合，无骨吸收现象，植骨块对髋臼的平均覆盖率为35％，未见假体松动，关节疼痛缓解，活动功能满意。Harris评分术前平均40．6分，术后平均90．3分，近中期随访效果良好，暂无二期翻修病例。结论采用自体股骨头及髂骨结构性植骨、髋臼旋转中心内移重建髋臼的髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良的有效方法。     

全髋置换治疗先天性髋臼发育不良临床疗效观察

[目的]了解全髋置换治疗先天性髋臼发育不良术后的中远期疗效。[方法]采用人工全髋关节假体，对23例25个先天性髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨关节炎患者行全髋关节置换（THR），Pemer分型Ⅰ度15例，17个髋；Ⅱ度5例，5个髋；Ⅲ度2例，2个髋；Ⅳ度1例，1个髋。固定方法：髋臼侧，5髋为骨水泥固定，20髋为非骨水泥固定；股骨侧，7髋为骨水泥固定，18髋为非骨水泥固定。[结果]1例术中发生小转子劈裂，1例术后发生下肢静脉炎，3例两侧肢体不等长2am以上。随访3—11年，平均8．2年，术前Harris评分最高59分，最低25分，平均44．5分。所有患者术后髋关节疼痛消失，关节活动度增加，Harris评分最高97分，最低63分，平均85．6分。[结论]先天性髋关节脱位的全髋关节置换术，手术相对比较复杂并发症较多，手术中特别需要考虑两侧肢体的长度、外展肌的平衡、软组织的松解、髋臼骨缺损的处理及假体的选择。     

Hip Arthroplasty After Surgical Treatment of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Background

Although use of intramedullary hip screws (IMHS) for intertrochanteric (IT) hip fractures has become more common, limited data have suggested difficulties in conversion to hip arthroplasty. The present study investigates whether conversion of failed IT fracture fixation with an intramedullary vs extramedullary device leads to different rates or types of complications or decreased arthroplasty survivorship.

Inferomedial Hip Center Decreases Failure Rates in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe II and III Hip Dysplasia

Background

We sought to evaluate the outcomes of cementless acetabular components used in patients with Crowe II and III dysplasia, and to compare outcomes between cups placed within vs outside of an “anatomic” zone. Our specific aims were to (1) plot hip centers in these patients at our institution to characterize “anatomic” vs “nonanatomic” positions, (2) evaluate the association between hip center and radiographic loosening, (3) determine whether hip center was associated with acetabular component revision, and (4) compare patient-reported outcome scores between groups.

Total Hip Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy Has Increased Complications and Revision Risk

BackgroundThere has been an increase in hip arthroscopy (HA) over the last decade. After HA, some patients may ultimately require a total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, there is a scarcity of research investigating the outcomes in patients undergoing THA with a history of ipsilateral HA.MethodsThe PearlDiver research program (www.pearldiverinc.com) was queried to capture all patients undergoing THA between 2015 and 2020. Propensity matching was performed to match patients undergoing THA with and without a history of ipsilateral THA. Rates of 30-day medical complications, 1-year surgical complications, and THA revision were compared using multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to estimate survival probabilities of each of the groups with patients undergoing THA .ResultsAfter propensity matching, cohorts of 1940 patients undergoing THA without prior HA and 1940 patients undergoing a THA with prior HA were isolated for analysis. The mean time from HA to THA was 1127 days (standard deviation 858). Patients with a history of ipsilateral HA had an increased risk for dislocation (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, P = .03) and overall decreased implant survival within 4 years of undergoing THA (OR 1.53; P = .05). Furthermore, our data demonstrate the timing of previous HA to be associated with the risk of complications, as illustrated by the increased risk for dislocation (OR 1.75, P = .03), aseptic loosening (OR 2.18, P = .03), and revision surgery at 2 (OR 1.92, P = .02) and 4 years (OR 2.05, P = .01) in patients undergoing THA within 1 year of HA compared twitho patients undergoing THA more than 1 year after HA or with no previous history of HA.ConclusionPatients undergoing THA after HA are at an increased risk for surgical complications, as well as the need for revision surgery.     

人工全髋置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良合并骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良的方法。方法 2002年5月至2009年1月,对17例21髋成人髋臼发育不良患者,应用人工全髋关节置换术予以治疗。其中男4例,女13例,年龄40~72岁。双髋4例,单髋13例。髋关节脱位按C row e分期,Ⅰ期4髋,Ⅱ期9髋,Ⅲ期7髋,Ⅳ期1髋。结果本组均获随访,随访时间6个月~6年,平均3.2年。采用H arris髋关节评分法进行评分,平均83.4分。结论人工全髋置换是治疗成人髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎的有效方法,但手术较常规置换复杂,宜严格手术适应证。     

成人DDH患者保髋手术失败后的THA疗效分析

目的回顾性分析保髋手术治疗失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者再次行全髋人工关节置换术的中期疗效。方法选择2014年1月至2019年1月收治的22例(30髋)保髋手术失败后行全髋人工关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的发育性髋关节发育不良患者作为研究对象,其中男7例,女15例;行保髋手术时年龄1~18岁,平均(7.9±3.4)岁;行THA时年龄22~63岁,平均(34.2±11.2)岁;单髋14例,双髋8例,左髋16侧,右髋14侧。手术前后采用Harris髋关节评分系统及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)进行评价,并对手术前后的X线片进行分析。结果本研究病例全髋人工关节置换术后平均随访时间为(30.5±18.5)个月。全髋人工关节置换术后,Harris总评分从术前的平均(38.7±10.6)分提高至末次随访时的(89.4±9.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.67,P<0.001),且患者的疼痛、行走、功能、活动度等各项指标的术后评分均高于术前且差异有统计学意义;疼痛VAS评分由术前的平均(7.9±0.9)分降低到末次随访时的(1.4±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=30.67,P<0.01);患者双下肢长度差异由术前的平均(3.32±0.51)cm降低到术后(0.71±0.33)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=14.01,P<0.001)。所有患者均无发生手术切口及假体周围感染、假体松动、髋关节脱位、血管神经损伤、深静脉血栓及异位骨化等术后并发症,仅2例患者术中出现股骨近端纵行劈裂。结论保髋手术失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者行全髋人工关节置换术可获得满意的中期疗效。     

An Initial Experience with Hip Resurfacing Versus Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Hip resurfacing is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty.

Questions/Purpose

We aimed to compare an experienced hip surgeon’s initial clinical results of hip resurfacing with a new cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

The first 55 consecutive hip resurfacing arthroplasties were compared to 100 consecutive cementless THAs using a cylindrical tapered femoral stem. The learning curve between the two procedures was compared utilizing the incidence of reoperation, complications, Harris Hip Scores (HHS), and implant survivorship.

Results

The reoperation rate was significantly higher (p = 0.019) for hip resurfacing (14.5%) versus THA (4%). The overall complication rate between the two groups was not significantly different (p = 0.398). Preoperative HHS were similar between the two groups (p = 0.2). The final mean HHS was similar in both the resurfacing and THA groups (96 vs. 98.3, respectively, p < 0.65). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with an endpoint of reoperation suggests complications occurred earlier in the resurfacing group versus the THA group (log-rank test, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

In comparison to our initial experience with a cementless THA stem, operative complications occur earlier and more often after hip resurfacing during the learning period. The clinical outcomes in both groups however are similar at 5 year follow-up.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-013-9333-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Pediatric Hip Fusion

The management of young patients with severe hip arthritis is very difficult, as treatment options, such as total hip arthroplasty, which is excellent for relieving pain while preserving function, are often avoided because of a high requirement for subsequent revision surgeries. Hip arthrodesis, although perceived as having inferior functional outcomes in these young individuals, offers a treatment option that relieves pain, maintains function, and allows for conversion to a total hip arthroplasty in future, if desired. This article reviews the indications and technique of hip fusion.     

Application of Ganz Surgical Hip Dislocation Approach in Pediatric Hip Diseases

Background

Ganz surgical hip dislocation is useful in the management of severe hip diseases, providing an unobstructed view of the femoral head and acetabulum. We present our early experience with this approach in pediatric hip diseases.

Methods

Twenty-three hips of 21 patients with pediatric hip diseases treated using the Ganz surgical hip dislocation approach were the subjects of this study. The average age at the time of surgery was 15.7 years. There were 15 male and 6 female patients who were followed for an average of 15.1 months (range, 6 to 29 months). Diagnoses included hereditary multiple exostoses in 9 hips, slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 7, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in 4, osteoid osteoma in 1, pigmented villonodular synovitis in 1, and neonatal septic hip sequelae in 1. Medical records were reviewed to record diagnoses, principal surgical procedures, operative time, blood loss, postoperative rehabilitation, changes in the range of hip joint motion, and complications.

Results

Femoral head-neck osteochondroplasty was performed in 17 patients, proximal femoral realignment osteotomy in 6, open reduction and subcapital osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in 2, core decompression and bone grafting in 2, hip distraction arthroplasty in 2, and synovectomy in 2. Operative time averaged 168.6 minutes when only osteochondroplasty and/or synovectomy were performed. Hip flexion range improved from a preoperative mean of 84.7° to a mean of 115.0° at the latest follow-up visit. Early continuous passive motion and ambulation were stressed in rehabilitation. No avascular necrosis of the femoral head was noted up to the time of the latest follow-up visit, except for in one SCFE patient whose surgical intervention was delayed for medical reasons.

Conclusions

Ganz surgical hip dislocation provides wide exposure of the femoral head and neck, which enables complete and precise evaluation of the femoral head and neck contour. Hence, the extensive impinging bump can be excised meticulously, and the circulation of the femoral head can be monitored during surgery. The Ganz procedure was useful in severe pediatric hip diseases and allowed for quick rehabilitation with fewer complications.