色素内镜对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

研究内镜下美蓝染色对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。内镜下有黏膜异常表现的120例患者，54例予以美蓝染色后活检，66例单纯活检。美蓝染色组病检证实有肠化萎缩者占23例，不典型增生15例，早期胃癌4例（均经手术病理证实）；单纯活检组（对照组）病理证实有肠化萎缩者占18例，不典型增生10例，未检出早期胃癌。染色组早期胃癌及癌前病变检出率为77．78％，对照组为40．90％，两组差别有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结果表明，应用色素内镜指导黏膜活检，可显著提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率。     

染色内镜联合黏膜切除术对胃黏膜上皮不典型增生及早期胃癌诊断价值的研究

目的研究内镜下黏膜染色联合经内镜黏膜切除术对胃黏膜上皮不典型增生及早期胃癌诊断价值.方法将145例患者随机分为内镜下黏膜染色联合经内镜黏膜切除术组(实验组)和单纯染色活检组(对照组),实验组用0.5%美蓝溶液染色后对异常着色区行内镜下黏膜切除术并送病检;对照组美蓝溶液染色后对异常着色区域常规方法取活检.结果实验组发现不典型增生31例(43.7%),早期胃癌8例(11.3%);对照组发现不典型增生23例(31.1%),早期胃癌4例(5.4%),实验组不典型增生、早期胃癌发现率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论内镜下黏膜染色联合经内镜黏膜切除术可进一步提高胃黏膜上皮不典型增生及早期胃癌的诊断率.     

美蓝染色在胃癌前病变和早期胃癌中的应用

目的研究内镜下美蓝染色对胃癌前病变和早期胃癌的诊断价值。方法内镜下有胃黏膜异常表现的57例，用0．5％的美蓝均匀喷洒于胃黏膜，然后在染色的部位取活检送病理组织学检查。结果有36例存在肠化和不典型增生，4例为早期胃癌，均经手术及病理证实病灶仅限于黏膜层，且无淋巴结转移。结论内镜下美蓝染色可明显的提高胃癌前病变和早期胃癌的检出率。     

色素内镜和电子染色内镜提高胃黏膜不典型病变活检阳性率的比较

目的比较色素内镜与电子染色内镜检查胃黏膜不典型病变中癌前病变（AGC）、早期胃癌（EGC）的阳性率,为提高胃癌的诊断率提供临床依据。方法选择362例胃黏膜表现不典型患者,随机分为色素内镜组123例（A组）、电子染色内镜组119例（B组）、常规内镜组120例（C组）,分别在其病变部位取活检,送病理组织学检查。结果 A组胃黏膜上皮正常或慢性炎症25例,肠上皮化生（IM）48例,轻—中度不典型增生（DYS）26例,重度DYS7例,EGC术后病理证实病灶仅限于黏膜层且无淋巴结转移7例;B组分别为27、45、33、6、8例;C组胃黏膜上皮有IM 18例,轻—中度DYS 15例,重度DYS 2例,无EGC。A组EGC检出率为14.00%（7/50）,AGC检出率为79.67%（98/123）;B组分别为16.67%（8/48）、77.31%（92/119）;A、B组EGC、AGC检出率均明显高于C组（P〈0.01）,A、B组比较无统计学差异。结论在色素内镜、电子染色内镜指导下进行活检,可提高胃黏膜DYS、AGC及EGC的检出率。     

内镜下醋酸联合靛胭脂染色对胃黏膜病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨内镜下醋酸联合靛胭脂染色对胃黏膜病变的诊断价值.方法 选择常规内镜下发现胃黏膜异常的门诊患者272例,随机分为对照组和醋酸联合靛胭脂染色组,每组各136例.对照组患者采取肉眼判断病灶并内镜下活检,染色组采取染色后活检,对比两组一般情况、镜下表现、活检病理、安全性等.结果 对照组检出早期胃癌4例(2.9％)、重度不典型增生3例(2.2％)、轻中度不典型增生11例(8.1％)、肠上皮化生35例(25.7％)、胃炎83例(61.0％),染色组分别为13例(9.6％)、12例(8.8％)、22例(16.2％)、54例(39.7％)及35例(25.7％).染色组对早期胃癌、重度不典型增生、肠上皮化生、胃炎的检出率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 醋酸联合靛胭脂染色可提高普通胃镜下黏膜异常的早期胃癌及癌前病变等的检出率.     

内镜下美蓝染色对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

[目的]探讨内镜下直接喷洒低浓度美蓝染色对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.[方法]对常规内镜检查发现胃黏膜有以下至少1项异常者:①微隆起,②糜烂,③小溃疡,④粗糙不平,⑤色泽改变,将其随机分为2组,各58例,染色组内镜下直接喷洒0.2%美蓝染色后活检;对照组不作染色按肉眼判断常规活检.[结果]染色组中检出早期胃癌3例、不典型增生15例、肠上皮化生17例;对照组中分别检出0、6、0例.2组检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]内镜下直接喷洒低浓度美篮染色可显著提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率.     

靛胭脂-美兰双重染色法诊断早期胃癌及上皮内瘤变的临床价值

目的探讨内镜下靛胭脂．美兰双重染色法对早期胃癌及癌前病变的临床诊断价值。方法就诊病人行常规内镜检查,发现可疑病灶者随机分为2组,染色组行内镜下靛胭脂-美蓝染色后活检;对照组不染色,肉眼判断病灶,常规活检。结果共人选240例,染色组和对照组各120例,染色组中检出早期胃癌25例、上皮内瘤变58例,对照组中分别检出8例、20例,两组检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;染色组65例出现明显染色分界区,早期胃癌和上皮内瘤变检出率分别为35．4％和63．1％,无明显染色分界区（55例）的检出率分别为3．6％和30．9％,出现明显染色分界区早期胃癌及癌前病变的检出率均明显高于无明显染色分界区（P〈0．05）。结论内镜下靛胭脂-美兰双重染色可显著提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率,明显的染色分界区对于早期胃癌和癌前病变诊断有一定的指示意义。     

色素内镜对上消化道早期癌及癌前病变的诊断价值(附98例病例分析)

目的 探讨色素内镜对上消化道早期癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。方法 内镜下对98例可疑病变进行黏膜染色，分别在染色前后进行内镜诊断比较，并与活检或手术切除灶的病理结果分析对比。结果 食管黏膜染色36例，不着色区取材6例，病理报告鳞癌5例，腺癌1例，浅着色区取材30例，病理报告食管炎症12例，轻度不典型增生7例．中度不典型增生6例，重度不典型增生3例，鳞癌2例，浅着色区不典型增生诊断率为53．3％，染色前后食管癌诊断符合率分别为50％和75％，比较病理诊断，染色后诊断符合率提高25％。胃黏膜染色62例，病理诊断胃溃疡26例，伴异型增生10例，胃黏膜内癌18例，胃黏膜下癌15例，染色前后早期癌诊断分别为75．8％和87．9％，比较病理诊断，染色后诊断符合率提高12．1％。结论 色素内镜可提高病变活检准确率及上消化道早期癌及癌前病变的诊断率，方法简便安全，值得基层医院推广。     

内镜下碘染色对诊断食管癌及癌前病变的价值

[目的]探讨内镜下碘染色在诊断食管癌及癌前病变中的价值.[方法]在我市食管癌高发地区对239例40～69岁人群进行内镜下食管碘染色,观察食管黏膜染色情况,并取碘染异常区或贲门脊根部活检送病理组织学检查.[结果]239例接受内镜检查者其中有92例碘染色后出现不着色区或淡染区,病检示食管癌5例,检出率为2.09％,不典型增生病变46例（其中轻度不典型增生17,中重度不典型增生29例）,检出率为19.25％,慢性炎症33例,正常鳞状上皮8例.[结论]内镜下食管碘染色结合黏膜活检有助于早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断,且操作简便,具有推广价值.     

内镜下双重色素法联合超声内镜对食管早期癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨美蓝和卢戈氏碘液双重染色法联合超声内镜对食管早期癌及癌前病变的诊断价值．方法:对96例可疑食管病变患者行食管黏膜染色,先用 20 g／L美蓝喷洒,再用30 g/L卢戈氏碘溶液喷洒于病变区观察;对美蓝染色区和卢戈氏碘不染色区进行活组织病理检查．食管癌及重度不典型增生、Barrett食管等癌前病变者再次行超声内镜检查．结果:确诊为食管癌7例,其中早期癌2例;不典型增生14例 (轻度7例,中度4例,重度3例);Barrett食管3例;溃疡8例;炎症36例．双重染色法总阳性率达70．8％．超声内镜对判断食管癌及癌前病变的浸润深度及纵隔淋巴结转移准确率达 92．3％(12／13)．结论:双重色素法(色素内镜)联合超声内镜有助于食管疾病,特别是早期癌及癌前病变的诊断,值得推广．     

化疗药物对异位癌肿并癌前病变患者胃组织匀浆中CEA表达的影响

目的研究化疗药物对异位癌肿并癌前病变患者胃组织匀浆中癌胚抗原（CEA）表达的影响。方法30例结直肠癌和15例食管癌患者（肿瘤组）中,其化疗前经胃镜检查均示不典型增生或肠上皮化生。在化疗前及化疗6周期后分别行胃镜检查,在同一部位取胃组织,测定胃组织匀浆中的CEA表达。另取10例肿瘤患者的正常胃黏膜组织作为对照组。结果肿瘤组胃组织匀浆中的CEA表达明显高于对照组,且随癌前病变程度加重CEA表达升高,化疗6周期后其CEA表达降低;治疗前后轻中度癌前病变组织CEA降低有统计学差异,而重度癌前病变组织CEA降低无统计学差异。结论化疗药物可明显降低轻中度癌前病变患者胃组织匀浆中的CEA表达,逆转轻中度癌前病变。     

胃癌和癌前病变中幽门螺杆菌及环氧化酶-2和p53的表达及相关性研究

[目的]检测慢性胃炎、胃癌前病变及胃癌（GGa）的胃黏膜组织中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）,环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和突变型p53的表达,探讨Hp感染在胃癌发生过程中与COX-2、p53动态表达的相关性.[方法]选择经胃镜检查及病理组织学证实为慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠上皮化生（IM）、不典型增生（Dys）及GCa患者各100例,快速尿素酶试验（HPUT法）和组织学改良Giemsa染色联合检测Hp,通过免疫组化检测Hp感染组和非感染组患者胃黏膜COX-2、p53.[结果]①Hp、COX-2阳性率随病变进展呈上升趋势,Hp阳性率在CAG、IM、Dys、GCa各组中显著高于CSG组（P＜0.05）;COX-2在IM、Dys、GCa各组中与慢性胃炎比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②Hp感染阳性率和COX-2蛋白表达阳性率在胃癌前病变组织中存在相关性（P＜0.05）;③p53阳性率在GCa与CSG、CAG相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;④在GCa组中,Hp阳性组p53的阳性表达明显高于Hp阴性组（P＜0.05）.[结论]GCa的形成与Hp感染、突变型p53、COX-2等多种因素及其相互作用有关,可视为GCa发生的危险预警信号之一;在GCa高危人群的追踪观察和随访中,进行Hp、p53、COX-2的联合检测,对发现胃癌前病变和GCa有一定临床意义.     

日本血吸虫病相关胃肠道肿瘤的临床与病理特征

目的了解慢性肠道血吸虫感染与肠道肿瘤发生的关系。方法回顾分析池州市人民医院2005年1月~2013年3月慢性胃肠道血吸虫感染合并胃肠道肿瘤患者病理资料,总结慢性血吸虫胃肠道感染患者并发胃肠道肿瘤发生情况,分析慢性血吸虫胃肠道感染与胃肠道肿瘤发生的特点。结果慢性血吸虫病并发胃肠道肿瘤的比例为25.8%(88/340),其中癌发生比例为22.6%(77/340),轻度不典型增生为0.58%(2/340),中度不典型增生为1.47%(5/340),重度不典型增生为1.17%(4/340)。结论肠道慢性血吸虫感染与胃肠道肿瘤发生有关,可能为癌前病变。     

Loss of heterozygosity on 10q23.3 and mutation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

AIM: To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. METHODS: Thirty cases of normal gastric mucosa, advanced and early stage gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis, and atypical hyperplasia were analyzed for PTEN LOH and mutations within the entire coding region of PTEN gene by PCR-SSCP denaturing PAGE gel electrophoresis, and PTEN mutation was detected by PCR-SSCP sequencing followed by silver staining. RESULTS: LOH rate found in respectively atrophic gastritis was 10% (3/30), intestinal metaplasia 10% (3/30), atypical hyperplasia 13.3% (4/30), early stage gastric cancer 20% (6/30), and advanced stage gastric cancer 33.3% (9/30), None of the precancerous lesions and early stage gastric cancer showed PTEN mutations, but 10% (3/30) of the advanced stage gastric cancers, which were all positive for LOH, showed PTEN mutation. CONCLUSION: LOH of PTEN gene appears in precancerous lesions, and PTEN mutations are restricted to advanced gastric cancer, LOH and mutation of PTEN gene are closely related to the infiltration and metastasis of gastric cancer.     

胃癌和胃癌前病变中环氧合酶-2、p16的表达及其临床意义

背景：密切监测胃癌前病变是预防和及早发现胃癌的关键。目的：观察胃癌及其癌前病变中环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、p16的表达,探讨两者对胃癌早期诊断的意义。方法：以免疫组化染色检测20例正常胃黏膜、60例肠化生、60例上皮内瘤变和60例胃癌组织中COX-2和p16的表达,并分析两者的相关性。结果：正常胃黏膜、肠化生、上皮内瘤变和胃癌组织中的COX-2表达呈递增趋势,p16表达呈递减趋势。高级别上皮内瘤变和早期、进展期胃癌组织COX-2、p16表达阳性率与正常胃黏膜和肠化生组织相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而前三者之间以及后两者之间无明显差异。COX-2、p16表达阳性率在小肠化生、完全型大肠化生与不完全型大肠化生之间以及早期与进展期胃癌之间无明显差异,但在高级别与低级别上皮内瘤变中差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。COX-2表达与p16表达呈负相关（P〈0.001）。早期胃癌组织中COX-2表达阳性同时p16表达阴性的比例显著高于高级别上皮内瘤变组织（P〈0.05）。结论：COX-2、p16或两者联合检测有助于监测和随访胃癌前病变、筛选胃癌高危人群,为胃癌的早期诊断提供了重要的检测方法。     

内镜窄带成像技术在胃癌及癌前病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)对胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 217例患者依次在普通内镜、NBI、0.2%靛胭脂染色及内镜放大(×80)模式下观察病变轮廓、胃小凹及微血管形态,评价各检查方法图像的清晰度,并结合病理学检查进行分析.结果 217例患者中,非萎缩性胃炎85例,萎缩性胃炎38例,轻度异型增生19例,中度异型增生9例,重度异型增生4例,早期胃癌5例,进展期胃癌20例,伴有肠化生者91例.NBI对病变轮廓的显示明显优于普通内镜和靛胭脂染色(P值均=0.000).经内镜放大后,NBI对胃微血管形态的显示亦优于普通内镜和靛胭脂染色(P值均=0.000).NBI模式下萎缩性胃炎胃小凹主要表现为Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ1型,肠化生主要表现为Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ1、Ⅴ2型,异型增生主要表现为Ⅴ1型及Ⅳ型,胃癌主要表现为Ⅵ型.结论 NBI电子染色结合放大技术有助于提高胃癌及异型增生的活检准确率和早期胃癌检出率.     

Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of using magnification chromoendoscopy and pepsinogen serum levels for the follow-up of patients with atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

BACKGROUND: The follow-up of patients with atrophic chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia may lead to early diagnosis of gastric cancer. However, to-date no cost-effective model has been proposed. Improved endoscopic examination using magnification chromoendoscopy together with non-invasive functional assessment with pepsinogen serum levels are accurate in the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (extension) and minute dysplastic lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a follow-up model for patients with atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia based on gastric mucosal status using magnification chromoendoscopy and pepsinogen. METHODS: A cohort of patients with lesions as severe as atrophic chronic gastritis were followed-up according to a standardized protocol using magnification chromoendoscopy with methylene blue and measurement of serum pepsinogen I and II levels. A single node decision tree and Markov chain modeling were used to define cost-effectiveness of this follow-up model versus its absence. Transition rates were considered time-independent and calculated using primary data following cohort data analysis. Costs, quality of life and survival were estimated based on published data and extensive sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were successfully followed-up over 3 years. Seven cases of dysplasia were diagnosed during follow-up, all among patients with incomplete intestinal metaplasia at baseline, six of whom had extensive (pepsinogen I to II ratio <3) incomplete intestinal metaplasia. For those individuals with atrophic chronic gastritis or complete intestinal metaplasia, a yearly measurement of pepsinogen levels or an endoscopic examination on a 3-yearly basis would cost 455 euros per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain. Endoscopic examination and pepsinogen serum level measurement on a yearly basis would cost 1868 euros per QALY for patients with extensive intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The follow-up of patients with atrophic chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia is both feasible and cost-effective if improved accurate endoscopic examination of gastric mucosa together with non-invasive assessment of gastric mucosal status are used to identify individuals at high-risk for development of gastric cancer.     

Magnifying chromoendoscopy combined with immunohistochemical staining for early diagnosis of gastric cancer

AIM:To assess the diagnostic value of using magnifying chromoendoscopy combined with immunohisto-chemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)and p53 in the detection of gastric precancerous lesions. METHODS:Ninety-five patients who were treated for abdominal discomfort,abdominal pain,bloating,and acid reflux at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2011 were included in the study.An ordinary gastroscopic procedure was initially performed to select the lesions.All subjects underwent magnifying chromo-endoscopy to observe morphological changes of gastric pits.Biopsies were then taken from each area of interest and sent for pathological examination and detection of PCNA and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. An immunoreactivity score for each lesion was calcu-lated.Based on immunoreactivity scores,immunohisto-chemical staining was then considered. RESULTS:Compared to intestinal metaplasia,gastric pits were more diverse in size,more irregular in shape, and more disorderly in arrangement in moderate and severe dysplasia.PCNA and p53 expression was sig-nificantly higher in precancerous lesions(intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia)than in chronic gastritis. PCNA expression showed an upward trend in types A-F pits.The number of cases that showed strong PCNA positivity increased significantly with an increase in the severity of lesions.Rank sum test for independent samples showed that p53 expression was significantly higher in types E and F pits than in types A-D pits(H =33.068,P=0.000).Rank sum test for independent samples showed that PCNA expression was significantly higher in types E and F pits than in types A-D pits(H =31.791,P=0.001). CONCLUSION:The presence of types E and F pits,in which p53 and PCNA are highly expressed,is highly sug- gestive of the occurrence of early cancer,and patients developing these changes should be closely followed.     

早期胃癌的内镜下特征分析

目的探讨早期胃癌的内镜下特征。方法对2010年1月至2014年7月北京军区总医院消化科胃镜检查发现并经病理确诊的119例早期胃癌患者（130处病灶）和695例进展期胃癌患者（695处病灶）的临床资料进行回顾性总结,对比分析早期胃癌的内镜下特征。结果早期胃癌癌灶多位于胃窦部（34．6％,45／130）,镜下形态分类以0-Ⅱc型最多见（55．4％,72／130）,白光内镜下97处（74．6％）病灶可见色调发红、121处（93．1％）具有清晰的边界、46处（35．4％）边缘部有明显“毛刺征”、116处（89．2％）具有明显不规则的表面形态或颜色、35处（26．9％）表面可见并发的溃疡、57处（43．8％）可见自发性出血、108处（83．1％）周边背景黏膜有肠化／萎缩改变、23处（17．7％）表面可见白色不透明物质,病理分型以分化型为主（90．8％,118／130）;进展期胃癌癌灶多位于胃底／贲门部（39．1％,272／695）,病理分型以未分化型为主（81．3％,565／695）。两者在病变分布和病理分型构成方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论清晰的边界和表面不规则是早期胃癌的重要内镜下特征,胃镜检查时重视上述特点的观察将有助于早期胃癌的发现和诊断。