Sabatier反应低温催化剂研究

目的 研制用于大气再生技术Sabatier二氧化碳还原反应的低温催化剂，以降低Sabatier反应的起动温度。方法 从催化剂活性组分，载体的选择，催化剂的制备方法和条件等方面进行低温催化剂的设计研制，建立催化剂性能测试装置，对体温催化剂的性能进行实验研究。结果 研制了以钌为催化剂活性组分，以活性r-Al2O3为载体的Sabatier反应低温催化剂，其反应起动温度可降到110度，起动时间8min，在温度为200－300度时，贫组分一次通过转化率均高于95％，产物水较为纯净，无色透明，呈中性。结论 Sabatier反应低温催化剂的性能达到了设计目的，有进一步研究的价值。     

PAN-PEI固态胺纤维的制备及吸附CO_2性能研究

目的制备一种固态胺纤维并试验其在CO2含量低于1%时的吸附再生性能。方法以3种市售平均直径分别为10.4μm,12.0μm,15.6μm的聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为基体,通过两步法制备出PAN-聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)固态胺纤维(PAN-PEI);用酸碱滴定法测定了PAN-PEI纤维的胺基含量,用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征了纤维的表面微观形貌和官能团结构。结果在气压100 k Pa,温度25.0℃,相对湿度80%,CO2起始浓度1.0%,纤维含水量100%条件下,30 min内测得3种不同直径(从小到大)PAN-PEI纤维在CO2终浓度为0.70%、0.74%与0.75%时的CO2吸附量分别为225、175和160 g/kg;100℃水蒸气再生5 min,循环吸附再生500次,纤维的再生效率为93.2%。结论制备的PAN-PEI纤维在CO2含量低于1%时,吸附再生性能较好,有望应用于密闭空间中CO2的清除。     

低浓度CO_2吸附过程中水对固态胺吸附性能的影响研究

目的研究水对固态胺材料吸附低浓度CO2性能的影响。方法通过比较无水和水存在时固态胺材料吸附0.4%(v/v)CO2的性能,考察水对固态胺材料的吸附性能的影响。结果当吸附气中水含量3.71~12.84 mg/L时,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量从50.53 mg/g提高到69.83 mg/g,水含量在12.84~22.37 mg/L时,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量从69.83 mg/g下降至~48 mg/g。吸附气水含量为8.5 mg/L时,水参与下固态胺材料的CO2吸附速率更大。结论实验所用固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量受到水的影响,适量水存在能提高固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量,但水含量达到一定程度后,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量有下降趋势。在20℃吸附温度下,一定量的水含量(8.5 mg/L)不但能提高固态胺材料对CO2的吸附速率且并不影响固态胺材料的CO2脱附性能。     

LiOH·H2O水合结晶与CO2的反应动力学

目的 研究LiOH·H2O水合结晶与CO2气体在密闭体系中的反应动力学规律.方法 在反应温度为273～323 K和CO2启动压力为40 kPa～100 kPa下,用Erofeev方程研究LiOH·H2O和CO2反应的动力学过程.结果 随着CO2启动压力的降低,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率缓慢下降.当反应温度低于299 K时,LiOH·H2O的反应速率低且几乎不受反应温度的影响;当反应温度在300～323 K时,LiOH·H2O水合结晶开始脱水,脱出的结晶水和反应生成水因蒸发而脱离固体反应物,温度越高,LiOH·H2O水合结晶脱水速率越高,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率也就越大;当反应温度高于323 K时,表现出无水LiOH晶体的反应动力学特征,可保持较高的反应速率.结论 提高反应温度,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率显著增大,反应动力学过程服从Erofeev模型.     

CO2一步电化学转化技术的可行性研究

目的研究长期载人航天任务中舱室CO2电化学还原为代氢燃料CO技术。方法研究不同温度、压力下,0.5mol·L-1KHCO3水溶液中Pb电极上CO2电化学还原的行为,并进行电极反应动力学研究。结果常压下,温度为273K,电解电位-1.5V,产生的CO法拉第效率最大,为16.1%;常温下,压力为1.2MPa,电解电位-0.5V,产生的CO法拉第效率最大,为19.8%。通过动力学研究,得阴极还原生成CO的反应级数为0.34。结论载人航天器中应用电化学还原CO2为代氢燃料CO的途径是可行的。     

空间站Sabatier CO2还原装置实验研究

目的研究长期载人航天任务中舱室ＣＯ２催化还原处理的大气再生技术。方法 研制了Ｓａｂａｔｉｅｒ ＣＯ２还原装置地面实验样机系统。结果在ＣＯ２流量为１．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ时,反应起动温度可降到１６５℃,起动时间１４ｈｉｎ,Ｈ２与ＣＯ２摩尔比分别为１．９,２．８,３．５,４．０和５．０时,贫组分一次通过。转化率均高于９５％;产物水无色,呈中性。结论Ｓａｂａｔｉｅｒ ＣＯ２还原装置地面实验样机系统操作简便,性能     

载人航天CO_2还原技术的发展与选择

CO2还原是目前国际空间站CO2处理的一个重要环节。CO2还原技术不仅可以实现对人体代谢产生的CO2进行处理,还可以与电解水技术结合起来实现氧气的再生。空间站所采用的CO2还原技术包括Sabatier、Bosch、CO2电解、CO2热解等还原方法。经过三十多年的理论与实验研究,最终Sabatier还原法被确定为国际空间站的CO2还原方案。然而,Sabatier方法的循环闭合度较低,难以应用在宇宙深空探测等更长期的载人航天任务中。其他可实现完全闭合的还原法仍有可能在技术充分发展后,取代Sabatier成为性能更优的还原技术。     

固态胺材料的CO2真空解吸动力学研究

目的 研究固态胺材料的CO2真空解吸反应动力学.方法 研究并比较了不同温度下固态胺材料的CO2真空解吸和氮气吹扫解吸反应.结果 不同温度下的CO2真空解吸和氮气吹扫解吸反应均具有一级反应特征,反应速率常数随温度的提高而增大.本征反应活化能为54.29 kJ/mol,表观活化能为60.60 kJ/mol.结论 较低的活化能有利于固态胺吸附剂在接近室温条件下解吸CO2.表观活化能略高于本征反应活化能显示系统中外扩散对解吸速率的影响不能完全忽略.     

钌(Ⅱ)多吡啶配合物对多重耐药菌MRSA光动力抗菌作用的研究

目的:研究新型光敏剂钌(Ⅱ)多吡啶配合物Ru1、Ru2和Ru3对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的光动力(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)抗菌作用,为探索PDT抗多重耐药菌提供实验依据。方法:(1)用PBS配制不同浓度(5、10、15、20和25μM)的     

铈掺杂活性炭载铂催化剂的制备及催化氧化冷凝废水研究

目的 制备用于催化氧化处理冷凝废水的铈掺杂活性炭载铂催化剂(Pt/CeO2/GAC),考察Ce的掺杂改性是否能提高催化剂的催化活性,并对催化氧化冷凝废水进行研究.方法 采用浸渍乙二醇还原法制备了掺杂Ce的Pt//GAC催化剂,并对其进行了结构表征.采用间歇实验研究催化剂的催化活性.结果 在反应温度为40℃和常压条件下,当该催化剂投加量为13.33 g·L-1,反应时间为2 h,冷凝废水中93.4%的乙醇被氧化为乙醛和乙酸;而使用不加Ce的Pt/GAC催化剂,冷凝废水中的乙醇的氧化率只有85.0%.结论 Ce的掺杂提高了催化剂的催化活性.催化剂中以Ce4+形式存在催化剂表面上的Ce不仅增加了化学吸附氧含量,而且使活性组分Pt在催化剂表面的含量也显著增加.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.