山东省2009-2010年学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情分析

目的分析山东省学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为学校防控甲型H1N1流感提供参考。方法从中国疾病预防控制系统收集山东省各地学校H1N1流感聚集性疫情信息,用Excel建立个案信息库,用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果山东省2009年共发生学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情99起,发生流感样病例2 214人,确诊甲型H1N1流感病例288人,罹患率为1.11%;死亡5人,病死率为0.18%。不同类型学校学生罹患率差异有统计学意义。结论学校是山东省甲型H1N1流感暴发防控的重点场所,需要进一步加强对学校疫情的监测。     

3起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情流行病学分析

目的分析山东省2009年9月1日-9月9日3起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查方法调查确诊病例的流行病学史、临床表现等,调查资料实时录入甲型H1N1流感信息管理系统;应用Excel建立数据库,采用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果3起暴发疫情累计确诊甲型H1N1流感病例85例,3起暴发疫情的罹患率分别为A大学0.99%、B中学6.29%、C中学0.62%,3起疫情罹患率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.54,P0.001)。C中学发现病例即采取全校停课措施,严格分类管理病例,使C中学暴发流行周期最短。结论3起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情均发生在学校,学校是控制甲型H1N1流感疫情的关键,应高度关注学校甲型H1N1流感防控措施。     

江西某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情分析

目的了解高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的特点,为控制学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法对江西省某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行流行病学分析。结果疫情持续22d,共发生急性呼吸道感染病例1506人,罹患率为8.85%;采集5份现症患者咽拭子标本,其中4份甲型H1N1流感核酸检测阳性。结论甲型H1N1流感疫情流行病学特征与季节性流感相似。需要进一步加强对疫情的监测、甲型H1N1流感的防控知识的培训以及接种疫苗等工作。     

安县甲型H1N1流感疫情调查处治分析

目的掌握甲型H1N1流感暴发以来,安县本地区内发生的甲型H1N1流感疫情特点,为明年可能出现的“第三波”甲流疫情提前做好防范工作。方法采用流行病学方法,对安县地区甲型H1N1核糖核酸检测阳性病例患者进行分析,对安县地区处理甲流疫情的调查处治措施进行分析。结果截至目前,安县共计发生6起甲流疫情,6起甲流疫情都于学校发生。经咽拭子采样,送实验室检测示：甲型H1N1核糖核酸检测阳性者共计12例。结论学校是安县地区发生甲型H1N1疫情的主要场所,学生成为感染甲流的主要人群。在接下来可能出现的甲流再一波高峰中要做好“两个确保”：确保少在社区、学校发生聚集性暴发疫情,使疫情减少扩散;确保少发生重症病例和死亡病例。     

某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情流行病学分析

目的分析某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为预防和控制学校甲型H1N1流感提供参考。方法通过查阅病历和现场流行病学调查,对某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情分布情况、临床表现、发病过程以处理措施进行流行病学分析。结果某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情确诊病例32例,其中男、女患者比例为3∶1。疫情暴发时间主要集中在10月16~19日4 d内,确诊病例26例,占总病例数的81.3%;暴发空间主要集中在学院A,发病20人,占总发病人数的62.5%。32例病例中31例无甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种史,1例在接种疫苗后7 d发病;31例临床表现较轻,平均病程5.8 d,1例危重病例,病程49 d。首发病例系外地甲型H1N1流感感染导致,其余31例为继发感染。结论建立学校甲型H1N1流感疫情领导、监测机构,加强密切接触者的隔离与管理,广泛宣传甲型H1N1流感防控知识及疫苗接种是预防学校甲型H1N1流感暴发和控制疫情蔓延的有效措施。     

一起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发流行原因分析

目的通过对某学校甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的流感样病例暴发的流行病学特征进行分析,探讨引起该学校甲型H1N1流感暴发流行的原因,为完善学校甲型H1N1流感防控工作提供依据。方法收集学校晨检记录、校卫生室流感样病例登记资料,以及部分病例的实验室检测结果,并对现场进行查看,分析此次甲型H1N1流感病例引起的流感样病例暴发流行特征和因素,及防控工作中存在的不足,为加强学校甲型H1N1流感防控工作提出针对性建议。结果学校未严格对流感样病例实施隔离观察,流感样病例异常增加时未及时报告疾控部门,疾控部门接到报告后未及时明确疫情性质是造成本次甲型H1N1流感暴发流行的主要原因。     

郴州市甲型H1N1流感流行态势研究

目的了解郴州市甲型H1N1流感流行特征,分析流行原因,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集郴州市2009-2010年甲型H1N1流感疫情、监测资料,运用描述性流行病学进行分析。结果郴州市2009-2010年报告甲型H1N1流感病例4 459例,发病率95.61/10万,其中重症病例17例（占0.38%）,死亡3例,病死率0.67‰;疫情从2009年8月上旬发生输入性病例开始,发病数快速上升,11月份达到发病高峰,2010年1月份快速下降,并维持在较低水平;病例多为在校学生,占病例数的95.70%,男性发病数明显多于女性;发生暴发疫情38起,其中发生在学校36起,续发率3.98%;流感监测显示：9月份以后甲型H1N1流感病毒迅速取代季节性流感病毒,成为流行优势病毒株;甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况调查IgG抗体阳性率32.28%。结论郴州市甲型H1N1流感疫情通过综合措施得到有效防控;通过加强监测,积极开展疫苗接种,能够有效遏制甲型H1N1流感快速传播。     

一起高校甲型H1N1流感混合季节性流感暴发调查

目的探索甲型H1N1流感混合季节性流感暴发特征,评价综合防控措施。方法通过对某高校现场流行病学调查和实验室检测,收集甲型H1N1流感混合季节性流感暴发个案数据,进行描述。结果在该高校发生4例甲型H1N1流感。结论在高校人群集中地方,流感疫情暴发后,迅速建立医学隔离观察治疗点是控制疫情的关键,也是防止发生重症病例和死亡病例的重要措施。     

郫县某学校1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情调查

[目的]调查甲型H1N1流感疫情,为今后的疫情处理提供依据。[方法]对2009年9月发生在驻郫县某学校的1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行现场调查与采样检测。[结果]该校2009年9月6日～24日累计发现流感样病例102例,罹患率为2．12％。102例中,确诊为甲型H1N1流感的3例,甲型非H1N1流感3例,医学观察的轻症病例96例,无重症和死亡病例发生。[结论]这是1起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,同时存在季节性流感疫情。     

1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情调查分析

目的分析利辛县实验中学1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情特征,探讨学校甲型H1N1流感防控的有效措施和方法。方法应用现场流行病学方法进行调查;采集标本,利用RT-PCR检测甲型H1N1流感病毒RNA。结果经现场流行病学调查、咽拭子标本采集、RT-PCR检测甲型H1N1流感病毒RNA,17人确认为甲型H1N1流感病例。17例病人中男性13例,女性4例;年龄最小12岁,最大16岁;分布于12个班。经积极治疗全部痊愈。在采取病人积极救治、密切接触者隔离观察、防治知识宣传教育、校舍消毒及加强学校环境卫生管理等措施后,疫情迅速控制。结论甲型H1N1流感传播速度快,尤其在人口密集场所。病情一般为良性经过。积极救治病人、及时隔离密切接触者等综合措施对甲型H1N1流感防控有效。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.