临床护理路径在子宫肌瘤手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨临床护理路径对子宫肌瘤手术患者的应用效果.方法 80例拟行子宫肌瘤手术患者随机分为观察组、对照组各40例,观察组按临床护理路径进行护理,对照组采用常规护理方法,比较两组临床护理效果.结果 观察组的住院时间、住院费用明显少于对照组,而健康知识掌握情况及患者满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 对子宫肌瘤手术患者应用临床护理路径可有效提高护理质量和患者满意度.     

临床护理路径在先心外科手术治疗中的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径在先心外科手术治疗中的应用效果。方法将实施临床路径患者的平均住院天数、平均医疗费用、健康知识掌握情况、患者满意度进行比较。结果实验组患者的平均住院日、平均住院费用较对照给显著降低，护理满意度和健康知识的掌握情况较对照组有显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论临床护理路径应用在先心外科手术治疗中可缩短住院日、降低住院费用，提高护理工作效率和护理质量，提高患者满意度。临床护理路径作为一种科学的医疗护理模式在临床实践中切实可行，值得推广。     

试论临床护理路径在前列腺增生症手术患者中应用

目的：探讨前列腺增生手术患者的临床护理路径。方法选取2008年12月~2013年12月我科收治的100例前列腺增生手术患者随机分为两组,对照组50例采用常规护理模式,观察组50例在常规护理的基础上,采用临床护理路径模型。观察两组患者的护理效果,并分别比较。结果两组患者接受治疗护理后的疗效比较院患者实施临床护理路径后,观察组患者的自我护理能力和护理效果的显著改善,患者健康知识和满意度均高于对照组,(<0.05)。结论前列腺增生手术患者临床路径护理的实施,能使护理人员的护理行为的规范化,以满足患者对疾病和健康的知识的需求,有效地缩短住院天数,降低住院费用,提高患者满意度和护理人员的质量和医疗护理质量,提高医院的外部形象。     

临床路径在腹腔镜胆囊切除手术病人应用探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除手术病人临床路径的应用效果.方法 将120例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术病人病人分为两组,各60例.对照组采用传统的医疗护理方法,观察组实施临床路径的医疗护理.结果 观察组等候手术时间、住院日较对照组短,平均住院费用较对照组低(均P＜0.01);病人满意度及健康知识掌握率较时照组高(均P＜0.05).结论 实施临床路径,可增加医院服务人次,减轻病人负担,提高医院的社会效益和经济效益.     

原发性高血压患者应用健康教育路径的效果评价

目的 应用健康教育路径针对原发性高血压患者进行有计划宣教,从而提高高血压病患者健康教育质量.方法 将100例原发性高血压患者随机分成实验组和对照组各50例,对照组则采用传统方法进行健康教育,实验组制定健康教育计划表,根据表的时间、内容对患者进行系统的健康教育,观察两组患者相关疾病知识和自我监护技能的掌握情况,并对两组的满意度进行比较.结果 实验组患者的接受程度较对照组明显提高,患者的满意度及健康知识掌握情况明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 应用高血压健康教育路径可以保证护理质量,促进患者早日康复,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,真正做到患者满意、社会满意、政府满意.     

分析临床护理路径在老年阑尾炎腹腔镜切除术中的应用

目的通过探讨观察临床护理的相关路径在对老年阑尾炎腹腔镜切除手术患者护理中所取得的相关应用。方法选取我院收治的老年阑尾炎腹腔镜切除术患者共120例，随机将其分成观察组和对照组各60例，其中对照组患者采用传统常规护理；观察组患者采用临床护理路径，对两组患者的护理满意度进行对比分析。结果与对照组患者相比较，观察组患者无论是住院时间还是住院总费用均少于对照组；并且在观察组当中对护理工作的满意度也要十分显著的药优于对照组所取得的满意程度(PP<0.05)。结论在对老年阑尾炎腹腔镜切除术患者进行护理时，采用临床护理路径均被诸多优点，例如在护理当中能有效的降低患者在住院时间与住院费用上的额度，以便提高患者的满意度。     

健康教育路径在关节置换术中应用及探讨

目的 探讨健康教育临床路径在关节置换术患者中的应用.方法 将58例关节置换的患者按实施临床路径划分为观察组和对照组.29例患者采用传统的医疗护理模式为对照组;29例患者采用从入院到出院、治疗、护理、都采用健康教育临床护理路径的为观察组.结果 观察组在患者满意度、相关知识掌握住院天数、住院费用方面明显优于对照组.结论 推行健康教育临床路径是一种符合国情顺应民心的护理服务模式.不仅促进了护患交流,显著提高了患者对健康教育及护理工作的满意度,提高了护理质量,还减轻了忠者的经济负担.     

慢性支气管炎患者护理中人性化护理模式的应用探析

目的：探讨人性化护理模式在慢性支气管炎患者中的应用价值。方法将我院接收的108例慢性支气管炎患者当作本次的观察对象,以随机双盲法为依据将所有观察对象分为观察组和对照组,每组54例,对照组54例观察对象仅采用常规护理方式进行护理,观察组54例观察组对象则采用人性化护理模式进行护理,比较两组观察对象的住院时间、住院费用、健康知识评分、依从性及护理满意度。结果观察组54例观察对象的住院时间、住院费用、健康知识评分、依从性及护理满意度等均明显优于对照组(<0.05)。结论在常规护理的基础上给予慢性支气管炎患者人性化护理可有效的提高患者的依从性、健康知识掌握情况及患者护理满意度,且可减少患者的住院时间及费用,具有较高的应用价值,可得到更大范围的推广应用。     

中医护理临床路径在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤患者围手术期的应用

目的 研究并分析中医护理临床路径在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤患者围手术期的应用方式.方法 将2014年1～11月在我院行腹腔镜手术的122例子宫肌瘤患者纳入本研究,按照随机分组方式将本组患者分为中医护理组(n=61)与常规护理组(n=61),前者开展系统全面的中医护理临床路径,后者进行常规护理,对比两组住院费用、住院时间情况,并采用我院自行设计的问卷调查患者满意度.结果 在对中医护理组采用系统、全面的中医护理措施后,住院时间、住院费用与护理满意度显著优于常规护理组,上述数据组间比较差异显著(P＜0 05),差异有统计学意义.结论 对于应用腹腔镜手术法治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,在围手术期采用中医护理临床路径能够简化护理流程、提高护理质量与患者满意度,也能够帮助护理人员掌握更多的护理知识,值得进行推广.     

临床护理路径对糖尿病患者健康教育的影响

目的：探讨临床护理路径对糖尿病患者教育的影响，以提高糖尿病患者对对相关知识的认知度，并进行有效的自我管理。方法选择我院2012年12月~2013年12月住院糖尿病患者126例，随机分为观察组及对照组，每组63例，对照组给予一般常规护理，观察组在对照组的基础上给予糖尿病临床路径护理，观察两组对糖尿病相关知识的掌握情况、护理1w后血糖变化情况。结果①两组对相关知识掌握情况：护理1w后观察组在掌握相关知识及技能方面优于对照组，且差异性明显(﹤0.05)；②2w后血糖水平比较：护理1w后观察组空腹及餐后2h血糖水平低于对照组，有统计学差异(﹤0.05)。结论实施临床路径护理能显著提高糖尿病患者的自我管理及我们保健，值得在临床开展应用。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.