Sural nerve conduction studies and late responses in children undergoing hemodialysis

Physiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy has been described previously in children undergoing hemodialysis. In order to detect early or subclinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy, several newer electrophysiologic techniques, including latencies of late responses (H reflex and F response) and sural nerve sensory studies, were evaluated in addition to routine motor and sensory conduction in 17 randomly selected children (mean age 14.2 years) undergoing hemodialysis (12 of whom had no clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy) and 20 age-matched normal control subjects. Conventional motor and sensory conduction studies of median and ulnar nerves and motor conduction of peroneal and tibial nerves showed abnormalities of motor conduction in 5 (29%) and abnormalities of sensory conduction in 2 (12%). Sural nerve sensory potentials were abnormal in 10 (59%) patients. Late response were significantly abnormal in 10 (59%) patients, 5 (29%) of whom had normal routine motor conduction studies in the same nerve distribution. The abnormalities of late responses and motor and sensory conduction were more evident in lower limbs. Studies of late responses and sural sensory conduction provide a method of detecting subclinical neuropathy in this patient population at a time when results of conventional motor and sensory conduction tests are within normal limits. Effects of dialysis may then be followed quantitatively in patients whose neuropathy would otherwise be undetectable.     

干燥综合征伴周围神经病变的临床电生理与病理特点

目的 探究干燥综合征伴周围神经病变的临床电生理与病理特点.方法 以2018年1月至2021年1月收治的50例干燥综合征伴周围神经病变患者为试验组,同时以50例干燥综合征不伴周围神经病变患者为对照组.分析试验组临床电生理以及病理特点,比较两组患者临床表现的差异性.结果 试验组感觉神经传导异常患者中,10.00％为尺神经受...     

Herpes zoster of the head and limbs: electroneuromyographic and clinical findings in 158 consecutive cases

OBJECTIVES: To quantify electromyographic and neurographic changes and to correlate them with the clinical data of outpatients with herpes zoster. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Outpatient department. PATIENTS: A consecutive, unselected series of 158 outpatient cases (88 women, 70 men; mean age, 64y) of herpes zoster of the head and limbs. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blink reflex and electromyography and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of nerves and muscles corresponding to affected dermatomes. RESULTS: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), segmental zoster paresis, and polyneuropathy were found in 31%, 19%, and 2.5% of cases, respectively. Absence or reduction of sensory action potential amplitudes, blink reflex areas, and compound muscle action potential amplitudes were found in 60%, 31%, and 18% of cases, respectively. Sensory and motor conduction velocities and motor and blink reflex latencies were nearly always normal or only slightly slowed. Electromyographic signs of abnormal spontaneous activity were found in 36% of the cases. Electrophysiologic alterations were correlated among themselves, with age, with presence of segmental zoster paresis, and with absence of antiviral therapy. The extent of the skin rash (number of dermatomes affected by herpes zoster) was the only variable predictive of disappearance or improvement of PHN. CONCLUSIONS: Sensory axonal neuropathy, often associated with similar motor involvement, can be shown by classical electrophysiologic methods in herpes zoster. The severity of damage to motor fibers was related to damage to sensory fibers, but no relation was found between peripheral axon damage and PHN. The site of motor system damage may be the ventral roots, plexus, or peripheral nerve. The probability of complications and the severity of sensory and motor peripheral axonal damage were increased in older patients. Appropriate antiviral therapy seems to reduce the incidence of segmental zoster paresis and the severity of damage to the peripheral fibers. A reduced extent of herpetic rash was the only factor to correlate with a good outcome of PHN.     

Distal sensory nerves of the lower extremity in peripheral neuropathy: comparison of medial dorsal cutaneous and sural nerve abnormalities

This study investigates the sensitivity and usefulness of medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCN) conduction studies in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Two hundred twenty-three patients with clinical signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in their lower extremities were evaluated. Nerve conduction velocity studies of the MDCN were compared to those of the sural and peroneal motor nerves. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had no measurable sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) from either the MDCN or sural nerve or both, indicating moderate to severe neuropathy. Of the remaining patients with mild neuropathy, 12% had a normal sural nerve and an abnormal MDCN, whereas 7% had a normal MDCN and an abnormal sural nerve. Fifty-one percent of the mild cases had normal peroneal motor nerve studies. It is concluded that the MDCN is equal to the sural nerve as a sensitive indicator in all stages of peripheral neuropathy; in mild or early neuropathy approximately 12% of patients will have normal sural nerve studies; and it is important to examine both distal sensory nerves of the leg. Addition of the MDCN study to the standard sural study increases diagnostic accuracy in mild peripheral neuropathy from 88% to nearly 100%.     

2型糖尿病周围神经传导速度与病程及尿清蛋白的关系：附66例报告

目的：了解２例糖尿病病程及尿清蛋白（白蛋白）排泄率对周围神经传导速度的影响。方法：测定６６例２型糖尿病患者的周围神经传导速度,并就其与病程及尿蛋白排泄的关系进行分析。结果：在病程不到５年、５￣１０年和超过１０年的患者的右尺神经感觉电生理异常的发生率分别为７５％、８６％和９２％;右腓肠神经感觉电生理异常分别为７３％、７１％和９２％。而运动神经病变早期多不明显,仅在病程超过１０年的患者中,其神经传导速     

Peripheral nerve function is increasingly impaired during puberty in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the impact of puberty on peripheral nerve function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Of 138 eligible patients with type 1 diabetes, 100 patients (age >9 years and diabetes duration >2 years) attending an outpatient diabetes clinic and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects took part in this cross-sectional study. Peripheral motor and sensory nerve conduction tests, cardiovascular reflex tests on the autonomic nervous system, and measurements of vibration-perception threshold (VPT) were performed. RESULTS--Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the distal motor and sensory nerves, the motor nerve distal latency, and the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude were impaired in the adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes. The deterioration in motor NCV, H-reflex latency, and SNAP amplitude became more conspicuous in late puberty and postpuberty and was related to poor metabolic control. A total of 10 patients had distal diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) neurophysiologically, and these patients had significantly lower heart-rate variation in the deep breathing test than the other patients. Three of the patients with DP had peripheral neurological signs or symptoms. A slight difference in the VPT between the patients and control subjects was observed after puberty. CONCLUSIONS--Increasing subclinical motor nerve impairment can be detected during late puberty and after puberty, and sensory NCV and SNAP amplitude are reduced in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Poor metabolic control during puberty appears to induce deteriorating peripheral neural function in young patients with type 1 diabetes.     

多发性硬化周围神经损害的临床与神经电生理分析

目的探讨多发性硬化（MS）患者合并周围神经损害的的临床和神经电生理特点。方法分析41例MS患者周围神经损害的临床，同时采用神经传导速度（NCV）技术检测MS患者周围神经的运动传导速度（MCV）、感觉传导速度（SCV）及其潜伏期、波幅；检测正中神经、胫神经F波、H反射的潜伏期和F波的出现率。结果MS合并PNS损害的发生率为41．4％，其临床表现主要为肢体麻木12例（29．2％）、肢体乏力10例（24．3％）、神经根性疼痛2例（4．8％）；体征有末梢／根型感觉障碍9例（21．9%）、腱反射减低5例（12．1％）、肌力减低（〈Ⅳ级）5例（12．1%）、肌萎缩3例（7．3%）。神经电生理改变为F波、H反射潜伏期延长，F波的出现率下降；神经电位波幅降低；不同程度运动感觉神经传导速度减慢及末端潜伏期延长。结论MS是一种以CNS受损为主的脱髓鞘疾病，部分患者可以同时累及PNS，神经电生理检测可对周围神经损害进行定位，同时可定量反映周围神经病变的程度。     

Correlations among autonomic, sensory, and motor neural function tests in untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals

A well-defined group of untreated non-insulin-dependent (NIDD) subjects were evaluated to determine whether involvement of neural function measurements is generalized and symmetrical and to compare the autonomic, sensory, and motor neural measurements. After age adjustment, the sensory and motor neural function measurements were significantly slower in the diabetic group than in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). Similarly, the autonomic nervous system function measurements were also abnormal in the NIDD group (P less than 0.01). Further analysis revealed that each of the specific measurements--median motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV,P less than 0.005), peroneal motor NCV (P less than 0.005), median sensory NCV (P less than 0.005), dark-adapted pupil size after muscarinic blockade (P less than 0.02), pupillary latency time (P less than 0.02), and RR-variation after beta adrenergic blockade (P less than 0.001)--was significantly less by analysis of covariance after age adjustment in the NIDD group than in normal subjects. Thus, there was evidence of motor and sensory neural impairment in the upper and lower extremities as well as evidence of impairment of the reflex arcs involving the parasympathetic nerves to the heart and eye and the sympathetic nerves to the iris. Further analysis revealed that right and left NCV were correlated (P less than 0.01), as were the median motor and median sensory NCV (P less than 0.01), the median motor and peroneal motor NCV (P less than 0.001), and the peroneal motor and median sensory NCV (P less than 0.001). Thus, there was evidence of symmetrical upper and lower limb, as well as motor and sensory proportional involvement of large nerve fiber NCV in this group of NIDD subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

皮肤交感反应早期诊断糖尿病周围神经病的价值分析

目的探讨皮肤交感反应(SSR)对糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)的早期诊断价值。方法 2型糖尿病患者200例,其中有周围神经损害症状组(有症状组)100例、无周围神经损害症状组(无症状组)100例,正常对照组60例,均进行四肢感觉、运动神经传导检测(NCS)和SSR检测。结果糖尿病患者感觉神经异常比例高于运动神经,下肢神经损害的程度重于上肢(均P0.05);四肢NCS正常的52例糖尿病患者中SSR异常率达67.3%(35/52)。无症状组与有症状组SSR异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);糖尿病患者单独应用SSR检测的总异常率为81.5%,应用NCS检测的总异常率为74.0%,两种检测技术异常率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病患者SSR联合NCS检测的总异常率高达90.0%,有症状组、无症状组联合检测的异常率均明显高于单独使用NCS检测的异常率(均P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者在无症状早期即存在不同程度的周围神经病变,感觉神经、运动神经、自主神经均可受累,且以小纤维神经受累为主,随症状出现周围神经损害进一步加重。NCS是诊断DPN的基本检查,将其与SSR联合进行检测,能明显提高亚临床型DPN的早期检出率。     

腰椎间盘突出症的电生理检查分析

为探讨电生理检查对腰椎间盘突出症的诊断意义,对１２３例（病例组）腰椎间盘突出症患者进行肌电图、运动神经传导速度、Ｆ波传导速度和Ｈ反射检测,并与正常人组比较和健患侧对比。结果：病例组肌电图和Ｈ反射的异常率分别为８７．８％和９０．０％,Ｆ波传导速度减慢显著。提示：综合电生理检查能早期定位神经根病损的范围,判断程度和预后,有助于腰椎间盘突出症的诊断。     

Ulnar nerve involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome

This is a retrospective study of the involvement of the ulnar nerve in patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome as defined by median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) greater than 3.6msec at the wrist and/or motor distal latency in excess of 4.3msec. The study included 248 patients, 63 (25%) with unilateral and 185 (75%) with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. The electrodiagnostic criteria for ulnar nerve involvement was a SNAP peak latency greater than 3.7msec and/or motor distal latency in excess of 4.2msec. One hundred fourteen patients (46%) had delayed ulnar SNAP peak at the wrist; of these, 100 cases had bilateral ulnar nerve involvement and 14 had unilateral abnormalities. Slowing of the motor nerve conduction velocity for the elbow-wrist segment was noted in 24% and 15% of the study group for the median and ulnar nerves, respectively. An incidental finding was the presence of "double crush syndrome" in 35 patients (14%). The results of this study suggest the frequent association of ulnar nerve involvement at the wrist for sensory fibers and carpal tunnel syndrome.     

糖尿病患者下肢周围神经传导速度分析

目的　探讨下肢周围神经传导速度检测对糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN )的早期诊断价值及评价DPN程度的意义。方法　对 5 3例糖尿病患者下肢F波、运动神经、感觉神经的传导速度检测 ,分析糖尿病患者中有、无神经系统自觉症状组 ,1型、2型糖尿病组的周围神经传导速度变化。结果　各观察组神经传导速度较正常值减慢 (P <0 .0 1) ;有症状组与无症状组比较 ,F波、运动神经传导速度减慢加重 (P <0 .0 1) ,感觉神经传导比较尚无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;1型糖尿病神经传导速度减慢较 2型为重 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　下肢周围神经传导速度减慢是DPN早期诊断及评价DPN程度的敏感指标。     

Nerve conduction studies and vibration perception thresholds in diabetic and uremic neuropathy.

Two parameters of nerve conduction studies (nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes of the evoked sensory and motor responses) were compared with quantitative vibration perception thresholds (VPT) in patients with peripheral neuropathy (diabetes mellitus and/or end-stage renal disease). VPT measurements were made using a "two-alternative, forced-choice" method in which the patient is required to identify which of the two rods is vibrating at progressively decreasing vibration intensities. VPTs correlated significantly with nerve conduction velocities in all upper and lower extremity sensory and motor nerves tested, and with the amplitudes of the evoked motor responses in three motor nerves: median and ulnar (motor components) and tibial. For the median and ulnar nerves (motor components) the amplitudes of the evoked motor responses were more sensitive than nerve conduction velocities in correlation with VPTs. Comparison of VPT values, based upon whether or not evoked sensory and motor responses were obtained, indicated that mean VPTs were consistently higher among subjects in whom these evoked responses were not elicited. VPT measurements is thus shown to be a valid and valuable method for evaluation of severity in peripheral neuropathy. It has the advantages of being simple, quick and painless. Patient cooperation and compliance with this form of testing are excellent.     

Chronic pain and sensorimotor deficits following peripheral nerve injury

Following upper limb peripheral nerve transection and surgical repair (PNIr) patients frequently exhibit sensory and motor deficits, but only some develop chronic neuropathic pain. Thus, the sensorimotor outcome of PNIr may be impacted by individual factors. Therefore, our aims were to determine if patients with chronic neuropathic pain (PNI-P) following PNIr (1) are distinguished from patients without pain (PNI-NP) and healthy controls (HCs) by the psychological factors of pain catastrophizing, neuroticism or extraversion, and (2) exhibit more severe sensorimotor deficits than patients who did not develop chronic pain (PNI-NP). Thirty-one patients with complete median and/or ulnar nerve transection (21 PNI-NP, 10 PNI-P) and 21 HCs completed questionnaires to assess pain characteristics, pain catastrophizing, neuroticism and extraversion and underwent sensorimotor evaluation. Nerve conduction studies revealed incomplete sensorimotor peripheral recovery based on abnormal sensory and motor latency and amplitude measures in transected nerves. The patients also had significant deficits of sensory function (two-point discrimination and vibration, touch, and warmth detection), sensorimotor integration, and fine motor dexterity. Compared to PNI-NP patients, PNI-P patients had higher vibration detection thresholds, performed worse on sensory-motor integration tasks, had greater motor impairment, and showed more impaired nerve conduction. Furthermore, PNI-P patients had reduced cold pain tolerance, elevated pain intensity and unpleasantness during the cold pressor test, and they scored higher on neuroticism and pain-catastrophizing scales. These data demonstrate that chronic neuropathic pain following PNIr is associated with impaired nerve regeneration, profound sensorimotor deficits and a different psychological profile that may be predictive of poor recovery after injury.     

急性运动轴索型格林─巴利综合征电生理观察

对６３例临床确诊的格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）患者进行了连续电生理观察，发现与经典的ＧＢＳ不同。而本组病例表现，运动神经末端潜伏期、Ｆ波潜伏期、运动传导速度正常或轻微异常，运动诱发波幅明显降低，感觉传导速度和感觉神经电位正常，符合运动轴索的损害。病理证实为周围运动神经的瓦勒氏样变性。     

Electrodiagnosis of ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow.

To determine electrical criteria which might be helpful in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, clinical and electrodiagnostic features in 78 patients with suspected ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow are described and compared to the results of sensory and motor conduction in the ulnar nerve in a control group of normal persons. These criteria include (1) absent or abnormal evoked sensory nerve action potential in the little finger, (2) motor conduction velocity of less than 45.0 meters/sec in across elbow segment of the ulnar nerve with elbow flexed at 35 degrees, and (3) abnormal electromyographic findings including the presence of increased insertional activity or signs of denervation in the first dorsal interosseous, abductor digiti minimi, and/or flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Electromyographic abnormality was seen in 77.5% of patients with ulnar motor conduction velocity of less than 45.0 meters/sec across the elbow. The first dorsal interosseous was the most commonly affected muscle. A study of certain important anatomic and histologic factors, such as the arrangement and relative concentration of the motor and sensory fibers at certain key points inthe course of the ulnar nerve trunk, is necessary to understand the correlation between the clinicopathologic and electrodiagnostic features in patients with ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.     

尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理研究

目的研究尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理表现。方法选择尿毒症患者24 例及同期健康对照者19 例,采用常规表面电极对胫后神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经及皮肤交感反应进行检查,观察尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理表现。结果两组运动传导、感觉传导及交感皮肤反应潜伏期均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。电生理表现主要为F 波的潜伏期延长,传导速度减慢,潜伏期延长,感觉纤维受累重于运动纤维。结论尿毒症性周围神经病是尿毒症最常见的并发症之一,神经电生理的异常明显早于临床症状,周围神经的电生理检查对该病的诊断及评价具有重要意义。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变气虚血瘀证Meta分析

目的:系统评价黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(气虚血瘀证)安全性和有效性。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普全文数据库(VIP)、万方医学网、PubMed,检索至2020年04月正式发表的黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的文献,按照纳入标准和排除标准,纳入文献,提取资料,采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入14篇文献,1062例患者,实验组532例,对照组530例。在临床疗效、正中神经(运动纤维)传导速度、正中神经(感觉纤维)传导速度、腓总神经(运动纤维)传导速度上,两组差异具有统计学意义,空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖无明显统计学差异。结论:在现有文献基础上,黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(气虚血瘀证)可提高临床疗效,提高正中神经(运动纤维)、正中神经(感觉纤维)、腓总神经(运动纤维)传导速度。     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病周围神经病变相关因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)相关因素。方法 选择2型糖尿病患者114例,根据肌电图中运动及感觉神经传导速度,评估糖尿病周神经病变情况,分为DPN组73例和非糖尿病周围神经病变(NDPN)组41例,分别就其性别、年龄、病程、体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂、运动及感觉神经传导速度、颈动脉内中膜厚度、足部踝肱指数、感觉阈值等指标进行分析。 结果 DPN 组年龄、病程、空腹及餐后血糖、HbA1c均高于NDPN组(P<0.05),运动及感觉神经传导速度低于NDPN组(P<0.01),颈动脉内中膜厚度、足部感觉振动阈值高于NDPN组(P<0.05)。结果表明,高龄、病程长、高HbA1c水平是2型糖尿病患者发生DPN的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者DPN的发生与年龄、病程、HbA1c水平有关。     

腕管综合征的电生理分析及与身体质量指数的相关性

目的:探讨88例腕管综合征(CTS)的电生理特点,明确电生理检查的诊断价值。方法:对88例门诊腕管综合征患者行一侧或双侧正中神经、尺神经的分段运动神经传导速度(MCV)和,Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经传导速度(SCV)测定,以及拇短展肌针极肌电图检查;计算每一位患者身体质量指数(BMI)及正中神经与尺神经Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)波幅比值。结果:Ⅰ、Ⅳ指刺激正中神经SNAP潜伏期延长者的百分比分别为59.1%与65.9%;复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅降低者中拇短展肌肌电图异常者占87.2%;SNAP各参数正常者中有8例(72.7%)出现Ⅳ指刺激正中神经与尺神经波幅比值的异常,各异常参数患者BMI值无显著性差异。结论:神经电生理检查是诊断CTS的理想检测手段。