三七总皂苷缓释片的释放性能及体内外相关性研究

目的评价三七总皂苷缓释片的体外释放特性、体内药物动力学及体内外相关性。方法以磷酸盐缓冲液为释放介质,考察三七总皂苷缓释片的体外释放特性。以6只Beagle犬为实验动物,测定口服给予缓释片后血药浓度的变化,计算药代动力学参数,并对体外累积释放度和体内累积吸收百分率进行回归,考察其体内外相关性。结果三七总皂苷缓释片体外药物释放具有明显的缓释特性;与普通片相比,在Beagle犬体内的达峰时间延长,峰浓度降低,平均滞留时间延长,也具有明显的缓释特性。结论制得的三七总皂苷缓释片达到了缓慢释放药物的目的,并且其体内外参数间有明显的相关性。     

山楂叶总黄酮缓释片的制备及Beagle犬体内外相关性研究

以山楂叶总黄酮为模型药物,羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)、乙基纤维素(EC)及丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit L100)为混合骨架材料制备日服两次的缓释片,以牡荆素为指标成分,考察Beagle犬单剂量Lj服缓释片后的药代动力学特征.结果表明,本品缓释特征较好,体外释放较符合WeibuU模型,本品体外释放度与Beagle犬体内药物吸收分数之间相关系数为0.98.     

烟酸缓释片在体外释放和体内吸收的相关性研究

目的：研究烟酸缓释片在体内外的相关性。方法：通过烟酸缓释片体外释放试验和体内动力学研究，考察其在体内外的相关性。结果：烟酸缓释片在人工胃液及人工肠液中均能缓慢释药，体内血药浓度维持时间长，体外释放百分率与体内吸收分数呈良好相关性。结论：烟酸缓释片在体外释放和体内吸收之间有明显的相关性。     

基于粉末直接压片工艺的硝苯地平缓释片：制备、体外释放度及比格犬体内药动学评价

目的选用粉末直接压片工艺,以羟丙基甲基纤雏素为骨架材料制备日服1次的硝苯地平缓释片。方法建立24h的释放度测定方法并进行硝苯地平缓释片的体外评价;应用液相色谱-质谱联用技术研究缓释片在比格犬体内药代动力学,与市售参比制剂对比并计算相对生物利用度。结果受试制剂和参比制剂有相似的药代动力学参数,相对生物利用度为（100．9±12．4）％;药物体外累积释放百分数与体内吸收百分数有较好的相关性,r=0．9625。结论本工艺制得的硝苯地平缓释片可以达到缓释24h的要求。     

盐酸氨溴索缓释片体内外相关性研究

目的考察盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释放度与体内吸收的相关性。方法应用释放度测定法研究盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释药行为 ,采用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索缓释制剂在家犬体内的血药浓度 ,按照Wagner Nelson公式计算药物的吸收分数。 结果 3种自制盐酸氨溴索缓释片与参比制剂生物等效 ,以药物累积吸收百分数 f(t)与相应时刻的体外累积释放百分数F(t)建立的一元线性回归方程 ,参比制剂与 3种自制制剂的体内外相关系数分别为 0 969、0 979、0 970和 0 983。结论盐酸氨溴索缓释片的体外释放度与体内吸收具有显著的相关性。     

苦参素胃内滞留缓释片的研制及犬体内生物利用度研究

目的:制备苦参素胃内滞留缓释片,考察其体外释放度和体内血药浓度.方法:以羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料,十六醇作为助漂剂,碱式碳酸镁作为产气剂,制备了一天给药2次的苦参素缓释片,考察其在0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液中的释放度.建立HPLC法测定血浆中的药物浓度,采用BAPP2.0程序估算beagle犬服用市售苦参素普通胶囊(参比制剂)和受试制剂后的各个药动学参数,进行统计学分析,并采用Loo-Riegelman法考察体内外相关性.结果:所得胃内滞留缓释片体外释放度良好,在犬体内与市售胶囊相比有缓释效果,相对生物利用度为110.5%.结论:苦参素制成胃内滞留缓释片缓释效果明显,与受试制剂相比有显著差异,体内外相关性良好.     

洛伐他汀缓释片的体外释放度和生物利用度

目的:考察洛伐他汀缓释片的体内外性质,评价其缓释性能.方法:测定制剂的体外释放度,考察不同因素的影响;测定制剂在比格犬体内的血药浓度,以洛伐他汀胶囊为参比制剂,计算相对生物利用度等药动学参数.结果:制剂在pH 7.0的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中可持续释药24 h,释放规律符合零级动力学和Higuchi方程,不同的压片压力、转篮转速对药物释放有明显影响.缓释片的相对生物利用度为(111.5±16.9)%.结论:缓释片与参比制剂在吸收程度方面具有生物等效性,在吸收速度方面差异有显著性,具有良好的缓释性能.     

阿司匹林微丸缓释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的:制备阿司匹林微丸缓释片剂。方法:采用挤出滚圆装置制备阿司匹林微丸,并在此基础上进行肠溶材料雅克宜和缓释材料SURELEASES以5∶5混合包衣。用释放度测定法考察影响药物释放的各种因素,并对阿司匹林微丸缓释片体外释药机制进行研究。结果:体外释放度试验显示,制备的阿司匹林微丸缓释片2 h内能释药30%,剩余药物在随后的10 h内缓慢释放。Weibull模型拟合方程得出药物释放符合一级速率过程,释放曲线具有明显的缓释特征。结论:成功的制备了阿司匹林微丸缓释片。     

甲硝唑结肠定位缓释片的工艺研究

目的：研制甲硝唑结肠定位缓释片。方法：通过羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC）骨架缓释材料制备甲硝唑缓释片芯，再采用S100包肠溶衣，制备甲硝唑结肠定位缓释片，并进行体外释放度和药动学研究。结果：所制得的片剂体外释放度符合结肠释放并缓释的特征，犬的药动学研究以及大鼠的消化道药物分布研究表明，药物口服后主要在结肠中释放，胃和小肠中几乎无药物释放。结论：采用本工艺制备的甲硝唑结肠定位缓释片可达到结肠定位和缓释的效果。     

洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片在比格犬体内的药代动力学

目的研究洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学变化。方法6只Beagle犬采用两周期随机交叉实验设计,口服500mg洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片或烟酸片,采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)内标定量法测定烟酸血药浓度及药代动力学参数。结果Beagle犬口服给予洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片和烟酸片后,两者在犬体内的代谢均表现为一室模型,主要药动学参数:T12(Ke)64.99min vs.106.09min,T(peak)75.67min vs.112.20min,C(max)52.95μg.ml-1vs.28.50μg.ml-1,AUC 10831.10 vs.9086.42μg.ml-1。结论RP-HPLC内标定量测定烟酸,该方法操作简便、准确灵敏、重现性好,可用于烟酸在体内的药动学研究。单剂量口服洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片后测得的T12(Ke)、T(peak)和C(max)与烟酸组相比,差异性显著;AUC基本一致。缓释片的T12(Ke)、T(peak)明显长于烟酸片,Cmax低于烟酸片,这表明我们制备的复方洛伐他汀烟酸缓释片在Beagle犬体内具有缓释作用,相对生物利用度基本一致。     

洛汀烟酸缓释片中两组分的含量测定

目的建立复方洛汀烟酸缓释片中洛伐他汀和烟酸的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法，色谱柱为ODS柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm）；流动相为水-乙腈-四丁基氢氧化铵（80．5：18：1．5）；检测波长为263nm；流速为1．0mL／min；进样量为20μL。结果洛伐他汀和烟酸的质量浓度线性范围分别为25～150μg／mL和25～250μg／mL，平均回收率分别为100．1％和99．22％，RSD分别为1．5％和1．37％。结论HPLC法准确可靠，简单可行，可用于复方洛汀烟酸缓释片的质量控制。     

马来酸曲美布汀缓释片体外释放特征与体内J＇b~H关性研究

目的考察马来酸曲美布汀缓释片体外药物释放特征与体内外相关性。方法分别采用①水、②0．1mol／L盐酸、③0．01mol／L盐酸等三种溶剂作为释放介质,考察释放介质对释放度的影响。用Wagner—Nelson方程法计算马来酸曲美布汀缓释片在健康男性受试者体内吸收百分数,并与相应时间体外累积释放度线性回归,进行体内外相关性考察。结果马来酸曲美布汀缓释片在不同释放介质中的释放度一致,均符合零级动力学。将体内累积吸收百分数y与相应时间在0．01mol／L盐酸释放介质中的体外释放百分数X进行线性回归（n=7）,回归方程为Y=1．0093x一0．3329,r：0．9600（P=0．000601〈0．001）,表明具有良好的体内外相关性,呈A级相关。结论马来酸曲美布汀缓释片的释放度不受三种释放介质影响,释药恒速。体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收百分数呈A级相关。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸青藤碱脂质体缓释片的含量

目的建立盐酸青藤碱脂质体缓释片的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,色谱柱为Spherisorb ODS C18柱（150mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0．01mol／L磷酸二氢钾（55：45）,检测波长为263nm。结果盐酸青藤碱溶液质量浓度在6．520—65．20μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0．9996（n=6）,平均回收率为99．34％,RSD=0．18％（n=6）。结论所建立的HPLC法无内源性物质干扰,方法专属性强、灵敏度高,可控制产品质量。     

Preparation,<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis>, preclinical and clinical evaluations of once daily sustained release tablets of aceclofenac

The objective of the present study was to develop "once daily" sustained release tablets of aceclofenac by direct compression using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-K4M (HPMC). The solubility studies of aceclofenac were conducted to select suitable dissolution media. The drug-excipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The tablets were subjected to physicochemical, in vitro drug release and stability studies. Preclinical (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies) and clinical pharmacokinetic studies were conducted for optimized tablets. Based on the preformulation results, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate and spray dried lactose (SDL) were selected as directly compressible vehicles. Because of the incompatibility with aceclofenac, SDL was excluded from the study. The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. By comparing the dissolution profiles with the marketed product, the tablet containing HPMC (45%) and MCC (30%) along with talc and magnesium stearate (1% w/w, each) (Tablet B7) was considered as a better formulation. This tablet exhibited almost similar drug release profile in different dissolution media as that of marketed tablet. Tablet B7 was stable in accelerated conditions for 6 months. The composition of this tablet showed almost similar preclinical pharmacological activities compared to marketed tablet composition and did not exhibit any toxicity in rats and mice with respect to tested haematological and biochemical parameters along with body weight, food and water intake. The pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers indicated that B7 tablet produced an extended drug release of drug upto 24 h as that of marketed product with almost identical pharmacokinetic parameters.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro/in Vivo</Emphasis> relationship of gabapentin from a sustained-release tablet formulation: A pharmacokinetic study in the beagle dog

The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro/in vivo relationship of the drug release behavior of a sustained-release formulation of gabapentin. The immediate-release formulation was used as the reference formulation. The dissolution test was employed using pH 1.2, 4.0, or 6.8 buffer solution, or water, to determine the in vitro release behaviors of gabapentin tablets. Gabapentin was released completely within 1 h from the immediate-release tablet and released for 12 h from the sustained-release tablet. A single dose (600 mg) of each formulation was orally administered to four beagle dogs under fasted conditions, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Although the sustained-release tablet did not disintegrate and had slow drug release characteristics, it showed similar pharmacokinetic parameters to the immediate-release tablet, which rapidly disintegrated and showed fast drug release. Thus, the in vivo release of gabapentin did not correlate with in vitro release of drug.     

琥乙红霉素缓释片释放度研究

目的建立琥乙红霉素缓释片体外释放研究分析的硫酸显色法。方法以900 mL经脱气处理的0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液为释放介质,转速为75 r/min,75%的硫酸溶液为显色剂,采用紫外-可见分光光度法于482 nm波长处对琥乙红霉素缓释片的释放度进行测定。结果琥乙红霉素显色后质量浓度在40～72μg/mL范围内与吸收度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 9);平均回收率为99.75%,RSD为0.76%;12 h内3批样品的释放量均在标示量的90%以上。结论该方法操作简便、准确可靠,可用于琥乙红霉素缓释片释放度的测定,为质量标准的制订提供了依据。     

PLGA implant tablet of ketoprofen: comparison of in vitro and in vivo releases

An implant tablet of ketoprofen (KP) was developed in order to achieve its sustained supply for approximately one week, and its release was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Implant tablets (30 mg) containing 1 and 5 mg of ketoprofen, prepared using poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA; MW 10000; lactic acid : glycolic acid=1 : 1 (mol/mol)) as a matrix, exhibited similar week-long sustained release in vitro. Plasma concentration was monitored after the implant tablet (5 mg of KP) and a KP solution (0.5 mg of KP) were administered subcutaneously to rats, and in vivo release rate was analyzed by deconvolution. The release rate from the implant tablet was faster in vivo than in vitro in the initial phase, but much lower in vivo than in vitro in the later phase. The plasma level decreased to the level less than the minimal effective concentration at 96 h after administration. However, the calculated plasma concentration given by convolution based on in vitro release rate was more than 7 times greater than the minimal effective concentration even at 96 h after administration. As the implant displayed the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo release rates, the improvement of the in vivo release rate is required.     

利培酮微球在家兔体内外的释药行为

目的制备生物可降解的利培酮微球,并考察其在家兔体内外的释放。方法以聚乳酸羟基乙酸为基质,乳化-溶剂挥发法制备利培酮微球,并进行长期及加速体外释放和家兔体内释放研究。结果体外释药可采用溶蚀-扩散模型拟合,微球体内释药平稳,体内外释放相关性好。结论利培酮在体内外具有缓释效果,可采用加速释放实验来模拟体内外释放。