Therapeutic effect of ceftizoxime on infection in patients with lung cancer

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given in daily doses of 4 approximately 6 g by intravenous drip infusion to 30 patients with infection accompanying lung cancer to investigate the usefulness of the drug for infectious disease: The rate of effectiveness (marked and moderate) was 73.3% (22/30 patients). Of the 30 patients, 2 had drug fever; 1, arthralgia; and 1, eosinophilia. These side effects improved after the drug was withdrawn. CZX is a very useful antibiotic with high effectiveness and safety in immunocompromised patients with infection accompanying advanced lung cancer.     

Therapeutic effectiveness of ceftizoxime on severe infections associated with hematologic disorders

One hundred patients with severe infections associated with hematologic disorders, including leukemia and lymphoma, were treated with ceftizoxime (CZX) in daily doses of 4 approximately 9 g for an average of 8.9 days. In the 84 patients who completed the trial, response was excellent in 27 (32.1%) and moderate in 25 (29.8%). The rate of effectiveness was 61.9%. The only side effect seen during the treatment was skin rash in 3 patients. Hepatic disorders were observed in 5 patients. The relation between CZX and these abnormal findings was not established. These results indicate that CZX is a therapeutically effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with underlying hematologic disorders.     

Therapeutic efficacies of suppository of ceftizoxime against experimental infections in mice

In experimental infections in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of rectal administration of ceftizoxime (CZX) were compared with those of subcutaneous administration. The efficacies of rectal administration were equivalent to those of subcutaneous administration against intraperitoneal infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens, the efficacies of rectal administration were inferior to those of subcutaneous administration. Against urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, the efficacies of rectal administration were slightly inferior to those of subcutaneous administration. Serum concentrations of CZX for rectal administration were less than those of subcutaneous administration.     

Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Therapeutic effect of cefotaxime against severe infections in patients with hematopoietic diseases

Seventy-five patients with severe infection accompanying hematologic disorder, including leukemia and malignant lymphoma, were treated with cefotaxime (CTX). CTX was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose ranging from 4 to 16 g for terms of 3 to 21 days. The total doses were ranged from 12 to 226 g. The results obtained were as follows: Clinical effects: Excellent in 20 cases, good in 21 cases, fair in 7 cases and poor in 27 cases. The efficacy rate was 54.7% (41/75). Clinical effectiveness on isolated organisms (27 cases): In single infection (21 cases), the efficacy rates were 80% for Gram-positive cocci, including S. aureus and 63.6% for Gram-negative bacilli other than P. aeruginosa. In mixed infection (6 cases), the rate was 50.0%. There were no significant differences in the efficacy rates for those patients who were grouped by the initial number of neutrophil (less than 100, 101--500 and over 501/mm3). There were no significant difference in the efficacy rates for those patients who were grouped by the initial number of lymphocyte (less than 500 and over 501/mm3). Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings: One case of skin rash and 2 cases of elevated GOT and GPT were observed. CTX was therefore considered as a clinically useful antibiotic for the severe infections even in neutropenic state in patients suffering from malignant hematological diseases.     

Clinical effects of ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatric infections

A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was conducted in children whose chemotherapy was considered to be best performed in this dosage form at the physician's discretion. The subjects were 5 children with infection, consisting of 2 with pneumonia, 1 with tonsillitis, and 2 with UTI. The results were as follows. The clinical response to CZX-S was "markedly effective" in 3 and "effective" in 2, with the 100% effectiveness rate. Neither adverse drug reactions nor abnormal laboratory tests were detected. No unwanted expulsion of the suppository occurred. The serum concentration of CZX 30 minutes after the first insertion ranged from 8.38 to 11.4 micrograms/ml, and the urinary concentration of CZX in the 6-hour urine collections, from 23.6 to 290 micrograms/ml.     

Clinical investigation of ceftizoxime sodium suppositories in pediatric infections

Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was given to 6 patients, with the following results. The peak serum concentration of CZX was 1.8-7.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after dosing of CZX-S with 9.6-16.7 mg/kg. The antibacterial activity of CZX revealed that the drug can be expected to be effective sufficiently. The overall effect of CZX-S was "markedly improved" in 1 and "moderately improved" in 3 of the 4 patients with pneumonia and "markedly improved" in 1 and "slightly improved" in 1 of the 2 with UTI. CZX-S caused a slight increase in frequency of defecation in 2 of the 6 patients. There were no abnormal findings of symptoms or laboratory test values which were ascribable to side effects.     

Clinical effect of ceftizoxime suppositories

The therapeutic effect of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was studied in 8 physically handicapped patients, comprising 6 with pharyngitis, 1 with pneumonia, and 1 with urinary tract infection. The clinical effect was "excellent" in 7 and "good" in 1. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test findings attributable to CZX-S were detected. CZX-S proved to be useful in physically handicapped children, especially in those not suited to treatment with oral or intravenous preparations.     

Therapeutic effect of ceftizoxime on severe infectious complications in blood disorders. Tohkai Research Group on Infections in Hematopoietic Disorders

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given by intravenous injection in daily doses of 2-8 g to 103 patients with severe infections complicating hematopoietic disorders. The clinical effect was evaluated in 95 of the 103 patients. The causative organisms were identified in 22 patients but were unknown in the remaining 73. Infected sites were the respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, and blood. The overall effectiveness rate (inclusive of marked and moderate) was 61.1% (58/95). The effectiveness rate was 63.6% (14/22) in patients in whom the causative organisms were identified and 60.3% (44/73) in patients in whom the causative organisms could not be identified and 60.0% (18/30) in 30 patients with less than 100 neutrophils per mm3 before treatment. No side effects were noted except drug fever in 1 patient. Abnormal hepatic function was seen in 6 patients but was not attributed to the drug in any case. The results indicate that CZX is a safe and useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infectious complications in hematopoietic disorders.     

Therapeutic effect of a new human immunoglobulin SM-4300 on the severe infections in surgical patients

A newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use, SM-4300, had been studied in the field of surgery. SM-4300 was administered to 2 patients with severe infection in the combined use with antibiotics. SM-4300 was considered to be a safe and effectively useful drug. One case with suspicious of septicaemia was excellent response to SM-4300, at a dosage of 2.5 g/day x 3, and another case with postoperative diffuse peritonitis was not effective at a dosage of 5.0 g/day x 1. No objective and subjective side effect and abnormal laboratory finding was observed in 2 cases.     

Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa. The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.     

Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in bacterial infections in children

A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness in children with bacterial infection. The subjects were 10 children comprising 4 with pneumonia, 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with pharyngitis, and 1 with UTI. They were given 1 suppository containing either 125 mg or 250 mg of CZX 2 to 4 times a day. The daily per kg body weight dose ranged from 17.1 to 60.0 mg. The result was "markedly effective" in 3, "effective" in 6, and "failure" was recorded in 1. Bacteriologically, successful eradication of causative organisms was confirmed in all the 4 children who underwent the test. No clinical side effects were observed. The only laboratory test abnormality recorded in a single patient was eosinophilia, which was not definitely ascribable to CZX-S. In conclusion, CZX-S have proved to be a clinically safe and effective antibiotic preparation in infantile infection, even in children whose treatment with conventional antibiotics is associated with difficulties.     

Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections in children

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX) suppositories was performed in pre-school and school-age children. The average time courses of CZX serum and urinary concentrations after administration of CZX suppository 250 mg (i.e. per kg body weight doses of 8.3-10.9 mg) to 4 school-age children were as follows. Serum concentrations: 6.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 6.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.7 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.5 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours with a biological half-life of 1.43 hours. Urinary concentrations: 885 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 209 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 112 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours with an average 6-hour urinary recovery rate of 25.6%. The clinical and biological effectiveness and adverse reactions were studied in 11 infants and school-age children afflicted with various infections (acute purulent tonsillitis, 1; acute bronchitis, 3; acute pneumonia, 4; and UTI, 3). The clinical responsiveness was "excellent" in 8, "good" in 2, and "failure" was recorded in 1, with an overall efficacy of 90.9% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The microbiological effectiveness of CZX suppositories on presumed pathogenic organisms comprising 4 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, and 3 strains of E. coli was satisfactory, as evidenced by the substantially high eradication rate of 87.5%. The only organism that survived CZX suppository treatment was 1 strain of H. influenzae which however was greatly decreased. The only side effect was diarrhea in 1 patient, which however did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. The only laboratory test abnormality was GOT and GPT elevation in 1 patient which was normalized within 8 days. In conclusion, CZX suppositories were found to be efficacious and safe for treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Ⅲ、Ⅳ期老年糖尿病褥疮感染的综合护理探讨

目的探讨III、Ⅳ期老年糖尿病褥疮感染的综合护理措施。方法将100例老年糖尿病褥疮感染患者通过随机数字表法随机分为两组。两组均在常规综合护理的基础上进行换药,实验组50例采用过氧化氢溶液创面冲洗,丁胺卡那霉素消毒,济安舒能喷洒并结合红外线照射创面的方法;而对照组50例采用2.5%碘伏溶液消毒,红外线照射创面,0.02%呋喃西林液湿敷创面的常规换药方法。观察两组的治疗效果和临床愈合时间。结果实验组总有效率100%,明显高于对照组的82.0%。实验组治愈时间为（14.12±3.27）d,明显短于对照组的（24.37±3.87）d,二者相比均有显著性意义,P〈0.05。结论丁胺卡那霉素消毒,济安舒能喷洒并结合红外线照射创面,同时施行“个性化”结合综合护理治疗老年糖尿病褥疮疗效显著,能缩短治疗时间,对患者无不良反应,是安全、有效,值得推广的合理治疗护理方法。     

甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈治疗老年2型糖尿病患者疗效分析

目的　观察甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈联合治疗老年2型糖尿病的有效性及安全性.方法　24例使用降糖药血糖控制欠佳2型糖尿病患者,观察甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈治疗前后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HBAiC).结果 3个月后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、及糖化血红蛋白较前显著下降(P＜0.01).结论 甘...     

甲状腺激素治疗老年充血性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的:观察老年充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者甲状腺激素水平及甲状腺激素治疗的效果.方法:将86例老年CHF患者随机分为两组,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组加用甲状腺片10～20 mg/d,2周为一疗程.结果:治疗组治疗后三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)明显上升(P＜0.05);治疗组总有效率高于对照组(χ2=9.53,P＜0.01);心功能显著改善相关,心功能Ⅳ级患者改善更明显(P＜0.05).结论:CHF患者大多数体内甲状腺激素水平降低,适当地补充甲状腺激素对老年 CHF治疗有益.     

Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.     

应用地尔硫治疗老年不稳定性心绞痛的疗效观察

目的探讨持续静脉应用地尔硫(合贝爽)治疗老年不稳定性心绞痛(UA)的临床疗效和安全性。方法26例经硝酸甘油治疗效果不佳的老年UA患者用合贝爽30mg加入液体中持续静脉滴注,初始剂量1μg/(kg.m in)-1,若效果欠佳,速度则增至3μg/(kg.m in)-1,直至最大速度5μg/(kg.m in)-1。症状缓解后按有效剂量维持48h后改用合心爽片剂30mg,tid口服。用药过程中观察心绞痛症状、心电图及血流动力学变化。结果26例老年UA患者用药前72h内平均心绞痛发作次数为5.26±2.57次,给予合贝爽治疗后(9.2±6.8)m in时症状缓解;其中7例患者加大合贝爽的剂量至5μg/(kg.m in)-1后心绞痛得到控制。与用药前72h内相比,开始用药48h后心绞痛次数明显减少,每次发作持续时间明显缩短。静滴合贝爽后有3例UA患者异常ST段和T波恢复,6例明显改善;患者血压、心率降低,与基础值相比差异显著(P<0.05),但无急性心肌梗死、死亡等严重不良反应发生。结论对经硝酸甘油治疗效果不佳的老年UA,持续静脉应用合贝爽是一种有效的治疗措施。     

Clinical assessment of sulbactam/cefoperazone in comparison with ceftizoxime in patients with postoperative infections by well controlled method

The clinical effectiveness in postoperative infections of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ, (SBT 0.5 g+ CPZ 0.5 g) X 2/day) was compared to that of ceftizoxime (CZX, 1.0 g X 2/day) by a well controlled comparative study, to have the following results. The overall effectiveness rate of SBT/CPZ and CZX as judged by Judgement Committee was 84.0% (63/75) and 80.6% (50/62), respectively, and the effectiveness of SBT/CPZ and CZX as assessed by the attending surgeons was 84.0% (63/75) and 71.0% (44/62), respectively. No significant difference was noted in both assessments. In a total of 36 SBT/CPZ-treated patients with intraabdominal infections, the clinical efficacy was judged by attending surgeons to be excellent in 13 patients (36.1%), and to be excellent or good in 31 (86.1%). In the 30 CZX treated patients, it was judged to be excellent in 6 patients (20.0%), and to be excellent or good in 19 (63.3%). These results presented a significant difference (P less than 0.05, U-test) between the 2 drug groups. The final global improvement ratio judged by attending surgeons was 85.3% (64/75) for SBT/CPZ, and 79.0% (49/62) for CZX with no significant difference. In assessment of time-course improvement, the improvement ratio of SBT/CPZ on day 4 was significantly better than that of CZX (P less than 0.05, U-test). The usefulness rate of SBT/CPZ and CZX was 84.0% (63/75) and 73.0% (46/63), respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 drug groups. To assess the bacteriological efficacy, the eradication rate of SBT/CPZ was compared to that of CZX. There was no significant difference between 85.7% (36/42) for SBT/CPZ and 73.5% (25/34) for CZX. After SBT/CPZ administration, 2 patients (2.5%) complained of side effects. In the clinical laboratory tests, abnormality related to SBT/CPZ medication was observed in 6 patients (7.5%), and that related to CZX, in 5 patients (6.4%). As to the types of side effects and frequency, no significant difference was observed between SBT/CPZ and CZX. It is concluded from the above assessments that SBT/CPZ is a useful drug in the treatment of post-operative infections.     

依达拉奉联合东菱克栓酶治疗老年急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的：观察依达拉奉联合东菱克栓酶治疗老年急性脑梗死的疗效。方法：对联合组38例老年急性脑梗死患者给予依达拉奉联合东菱克栓酶治疗;对照组35例单纯应用东菱克栓酶,东菱克栓酶5IU隔天使用,4次一疗程。治疗前及治疗14天后分别进行欧洲卒中量表评分（ESS）、日常生活能力（ADL）评定、血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量的测定。结果：治疗前两组ESS、ADL评分无显著差异。治疗14天后联合组ESS评分优于对照组,两组间ESS、ADL评分皆有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;两组间FIB浓度变化无显著性差异。两组均无明显不良反应。结论：依达拉奉联合东菱克栓酶治疗老年急性脑梗死疗效优于单用东菱克栓酶,且有较好的安全性。