羊膜贴敷治疗早期角结膜烧伤临床观察

目的：探讨羊膜贴敷术治疗早期角结膜化学烧伤及热灼伤的效果。方法：先清除角结膜坏死组织，严重角膜烧伤者行溃疡面羊膜填塞后，贴敷双层羊膜，两层羊膜之间上皮面相对，分别沿角膜缘连续或间断环行缝合于浅层巩膜上。结果：15例18眼中Ⅳ度烧伤2眼，术后25天角膜呈瓷　色，角膜缘1／3结膜缺血苍白，1眼发生睑球粘连。其余16眼均控制了角膜的自融，球结膜缺血得以改善，10眼角膜恢复了透明性，4眼角膜留下薄翳，2眼角膜形成了斑翳，有效地保护了视力。结论：羊膜贴敷手术能有效地保护烧伤后角膜创面，促进角膜上皮再生，防止睑球粘连，抑制新生血管的生成，减轻烧伤后角膜的自融和炎症反应。     

人羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉等眼表疾病的临床观察

目的：观察用人羊膜移植术治疗翼新诗胬肉、角膜热灼伤、化学伤、睑球粘连等眼表疾病的临床疗效。方法：用人羊膜移植术治疗翼状胬肉46例65只眼，其中复发性胬肉16只眼，假性翼状胬肉1只眼，角膜热灼伤、化学伤3例4只眼，睑球粘连2例2只眼，手术均在显微镜下完成。结果：随访3-11个月，羊膜移植手术均一次成功，无免疫排斥反应。翼状胬肉组，角膜透明，无新生血管，巩膜面结膜覆盖良好，充血消失；2只眼复发，复发率为3.1％，成功率96.9％。3例（4只眼）角膜热灼伤、化学伤者，术后均未见继续溶解、穿孔。睑球粘连者，结膜囊形成，睑球粘连者，结膜囊形成，睑球粘连松解，眼球活动基本正常。结论：人羊膜移植是治疗翼状胬肉等眼表疾病较有效方法，它可抑制结膜下及角膜纤维化，促进结膜、角膜的上皮化。     

羊膜移植治疗严重眼烧伤后的睑球粘连

目的:探讨羊膜移植在治疗严重眼烧伤后的睑球粘连眼表成型中的方法及效果。方法:化学烧伤或热烧伤后结膜囊狭窄、睑球粘连、结角膜假性胬肉等引起眼表变形、泪液动力学改变、眼球运动障碍等患者应用羊膜移植行结膜囊重建及眼表成型。结果:患者23例随访4～27mo,2例结角膜假性胬肉再次复发,但结膜囊缩短好转;4例轻度、2例中度结膜囊缩短;其余患者均能较好的重建眼表。结论:羊膜移植治疗严重眼烧伤后的睑球粘连眼表成型的效果良好。     

眼烧伤后重度睑球粘连眼表重建的临床研究

目的探讨新鲜供体带角膜缘板层角膜移植（LKP）联合带角膜缘干细胞自体球结膜移植和羊膜移植治疗眼烧伤后重度睑球粘连的眼表重建效果。方法选择1998年2月至2003年2月我院收治的眼烧伤后重度睑球粘连患者26例（26只眼）。根据视功能受损程度将睑球粘连分为4度．其中Ⅲ度19只眼、Ⅳ度7只眼。手术方法：（1）分离睑球粘连,保留假性胬肉;（2）利用新鲜供体行带角巩膜缘的部分LKP（19只眼）或全LKP（7只眼）;（3）取带角膜缘组织自体球结膜瓣移植于粘连最重的创面;（4）假性胬肉后徙,部分替代球结膜,联合羊膜移植重建结膜囊。术后随访8～36个月,观察结膜囊情况、眼球活动、角膜植片免疫排斥反应情况以及羊膜和假性胬肉的转归。结果除1只眼因睑裂闭合不全行永久性睑裂缝合术外,其余25只眼的眼表情况均得到不同程度改善。（1）睑球粘连：17只眼（65％）第一次手术后粘连完全分离,复视消失;8只眼（31％）在单纯羊膜覆盖的创面区复发条带状睑球粘连,其中5只眼经再次手术粘连完全解除,3只眼残余Ⅰ度粘连。（2）羊膜在术后1周开始自溶,3个月时完全消失;保留的假性胬肉术后1～3个月充血消退,逐渐变薄,相应区域无睑球粘连复发。（3）角膜情况：6只眼角膜植片发生免疫排斥反应,其中3只眼治疗后植片恢复透明,2只眼因植片混浊行二次LKP。结论新鲜供体带角膜缘LKP联合带角膜缘干细胞自体球结膜移植和羊膜移植是治疗眼烧伤后重度睑球粘连的有效方法,假性胬肉可部分替代球结膜重建结膜囊,羊膜移植在重度睑球粘连的治疗中仅发挥暂时支持创面促进眼表恢复的作用。（中华眼科杂志,2005,41：791-795）     

新鲜羊膜联合带活性角膜缘的全板层角膜移植治疗早期严重眼烧伤

目的：探讨新鲜羊膜联合带活性角膜缘的全板层角膜移植治疗早期严重眼烧伤疗效。方法：对早期严重眼烧伤14例15眼施行新鲜羊膜联合带活性角膜缘的全板层角膜移植术,术后观察移植物贴附、生长及眼表情况,监测重建的穹窿深度,了解是否有睑球粘连的发生。结果：移植的羊膜、角膜缘及角膜全部成活,重建的眼表面很快上皮化并保持基本稳定。除6眼因白内障及角膜持续水肿外,余视力均有提高。4眼发生睑球粘连,余形成足够的穹窿深度,眼球运动基本正常。术后3眼移植角膜缘发生排斥反应,局部用药控制。结论：治疗早期严重眼烧伤,新鲜羊膜移植能够有效防止睑球粘连,异体角膜缘及全板层角膜移植可恢复角膜结构并提供足够的干细胞,获得稳定眼表面。积极防治移植角膜缘排斥反应十分重要。     

组织粘合剂粘合羊膜手术在眼烧伤中的应用

目的:评价组织粘合剂粘合羊膜手术在眼烧伤治疗中的疗效。方法:选择2002年9月～2004年6月在中山眼科中心外伤病区住院的眼烧伤患者29例34只眼。其中Ⅱ度烧伤4只眼,Ⅲ度5只眼,Ⅳ度25只眼。Ⅳ度烧伤中角膜缘100%缺血者7只眼,角膜缘缺血小于100%者18只眼;结膜严重坏死累及巩膜者12只眼。全部患者行组织粘合剂粘合羊膜手术前均予常规的药物治疗。术后随访2～6个月,观察角结膜上皮生长情况,羊膜、组织粘合剂贴附情况,炎症及视力等。结果:Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤及部分Ⅳ度烧伤[角膜缘缺血小于100%有27只眼,手术后全部上皮缺损愈合,缺损愈合时间为术后8～42d,(23.9±8.0)d;Ⅳ度烧伤角膜缘100%缺血角膜溃疡溶解的7只眼,除1只眼失访外,6只眼局部溃疡静止。4只眼视力无变化,29只眼视力均有不同程度的提高。结论:组织粘合剂粘合羊膜手术可以迅速恢复烧伤眼表的完整性,有效地防止持续性角膜上皮缺损,角巩膜溃疡穿孔,睑球结膜粘连等并发症的发生;对于严重的Ⅳ度烧伤(角膜缘100%缺血),组织粘合剂粘合羊膜手术有助于阻止角巩膜溃疡穿孔,重建结膜表面,恢复眼前段血供,防止睑球粘连,但由于角膜缘干细胞完全缺陷,恢复角膜表面的完整性,尚需行角膜缘干细胞移植术。     

玻璃水烧伤行异体睑板结膜移植一例报告(摘要)

患者,女,19岁1986年2月19日因工作不慎,溶化的玻璃水溅入右眼,立即来我院就诊。见上下眼睑红肿,睑缘糜烂,睫毛脱失;下方球结膜,穹窿及睑板结膜苍白色;角膜下方片状混浊。诊断右眼结膜、角膜烧伤,Ⅱ度。按眼烧伤常规处理,20天后发生睑球粘连。1987年2月23日在局麻下行自体口腔粘膜移植术,术后10天下穹窿逐渐变浅,肉芽组织增生,再次发生睑球粘连。1987年5月8日在局麻下行异体,大面积睑极和结膜移植,材料来自36周早产儿,出生后18小时死亡,死亡2小时后取整个眼眶组织浸泡在无血清保存液中,4冰箱保存,取材料后6小时用于手术,术后第3天球结膜有新     

羊膜联合自体穹隆结膜移植治疗睑球粘连的实验研究

目的 通过动物实验研究羊膜移植联合对侧健眼穹隆部结膜移植治疗单眼重症化学烧伤所致睑球粘连的疗效。方法 将两组实验动物家兔单眼制成重度碱烧伤模型。实验组患眼施行角膜缘自体移植，羊膜移植联合对侧健眼穹隆部结膜移植，对照组患眼仅施行角膜缘自体移植，羊膜移植，于术前，碱烧伤后1个月，术后3个月分别行眼表面印痕细胞学检查和病理学检查。结果 实验组睑球粘连缓解明显优于对照组，睑球粘连缓解病例术后3个月羊膜表面皆有上皮细胞长入。结论 羊膜移植联合对侧健眼穹隆部结膜移植对睑球粘连及大面积结膜缺损有效。且优于单纯羊膜移植。     

瘢痕性类天疱疮角膜病变手术治疗

目的 观察眼瘢痕性类天疱疮(OCP)行羊膜移植和穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)后的效果.设计 回顾性病例系列.研究对象 OCP患者3例(4眼).方法 2例(3眼)患者为三级睑球粘连,术前视力HM/5cm～HM/10cm,行睑球粘连分离联合羊膜移植,术后放置绷带性角膜接触镜;另外1例(1眼)因并发角膜溃疡伴穿孔,行PKP,供体为甘油冷冻保存的角膜,观察术后角膜、结膜愈合情况.主要指标 视力,角膜、结膜愈合情况.结果 羊膜移植2例(3眼)患者术后1个月羊膜逐步吸收,2例(2眼)手术1年后视力0.04～0.05,中央角膜上皮化良好,二级睑球粘连,角膜缘新生血管减少.PKP后3周植片融解严重,1个月后行全角膜移植联合眼前节切除,再次发生植片融解,眼内容物流失而眼球萎缩.结论 部分眼表功能不全的OCP患者睑球粘连分离联合羊膜移植对减轻睑球粘连、提高视力有一定意义;由于多种不利因素影响,穿透性角膜移植治疗OCP并发穿孔性角膜溃疡效果不良.     

显微羊膜移植技术重建严重眼表烧伤临床观察

目的 评价显微羊膜移植技术重建眼表烧伤的临床效果。方法 对22例（24眼）严重眼表烧伤患者分别采用单纯羊膜移植术，羊膜移植联合异体新鲜角膜缘移植术，羊膜移植结膜囊成形术，并随访观察术后疗效，结果 13例（15例）单纯羊膜移植患者中，11例（17眼）无角膜结膜进行性溶解和穿孔，无新生血管和假性胬肉侵入角膜表面，2例因眼睑缺损，眼表干燥导致羊膜，角膜溶解穿孔，眼球萎缩，羊膜联合异体角膜缘移植术5例中，眼表结构恢复正常。无假性胬肉及睑球粘连发生，羊膜移植结膜囊成形术4例中，3例恢复了眼球的运动功能，1例因植片下积血，预后较差，再次发生眼球粘连，结论 运用显微手术羊膜移植重建眼表烧伤，可有效减少角膜溃疡穿孔，预防或修复睑球粘连，减少眼表新生血管，羊膜被认为是眼表重建较为理想的生物膜。     

外伤性睑球粘连的硅海绵结膜囊重建术

目的 应用硅海绵作为支撑物治疗睑球粘连结膜囊重建.方法 将硅海绵固定在穹隆部及睑部结膜之间,用以支撑结膜囊及其植片.结果 21例(22眼)睑球粘连结膜囊重建的效果满意率达81.8%.结论 治疗睑球粘连结膜囊重建,硅海绵是理想的支撑物.     

几丁糖防治结膜瘢痕与睑球粘连的实验研究

目的探讨2％医用几丁糖在角结膜碱烧伤后防治结膜瘢痕、睑球粘连及促进创面愈合中的作用。方法26只新西兰大白兔,按随机数字法取21只制作兔重度角结膜碱烧伤模型,设右眼为几丁糖治疗组,左眼为模型对照组;另5只兔按随机数字法取5只眼作为正常对照组。观察角结膜碱烧伤后炎性反应、结膜瘢痕及睑球粘连发生情况。于烧伤后20、30d行组织病理学观察,烧伤后30d行天狼猩红染色比较结膜组织中胶原含量和纤维化瘢痕情况。结果医用几丁糖治疗组较模型对照组结膜修复快,结膜瘢痕和睑球粘连程度轻（u=2．1159,P〈0．05）;天狼猩红染色示烧伤后结膜胶原含量增高,瘢痕形成明显,但几丁糖治疗组瘢痕轻,胶原含量（Q=32．1450,P〈0．01）和吸光度值（Q=22．4767,P〈0．01）明显低于模型对照组。结论几丁糖可减轻角结膜碱烧伤后结膜瘢痕与睑球粘连的形成。     

羊膜为基底的小片状同种异体结膜移植治疗碱烧伤

目的 将羊膜移植与片状同种异体结膜移植相结合重建眼表。方法 新西兰白兔42只，右眼(实验组)、左眼(对照组)上方球结膜碱烧伤后24h分别行以羊膜为基底的小片状同种异体结膜移植和单纯小片状同种异体结膜移植，术后各周行印迹细胞的PAS染色、扫描电镜检查。结果 实验组植片成活率明显高于对照组(P＜0．05)。实验组术后第4周，对照组术后第5周结膜外观、杯状细胞形态数目功能均恢复正常。结论 大面积结膜碱烧伤早期应用羊膜改善异体植片的基底，有利于降低排斥反应，提高植片成活率，达到结膜结构与功能重建之目的。     

羊膜移植结膜囊成形术的疗效观察

目的探讨羊膜移植结膜囊成形术中的疗效。方法36例（36眼）结膜囊成形术,包括16眼结膜缺损,行单纯羊膜移植术;8眼睑球粘连涉及角膜或角膜有大量新生血管,行羊膜移植联合板层角膜移植术;12眼行羊膜移植联合结膜穹隆成形。术后随访6～12个月。结果无1例感染。术后10d,移植的羊膜透明,缝合处结膜向羊膜上爬行;术后1个月新生的结膜上皮完全覆盖移植区。36眼治愈14眼,好转19眼,无效3眼。结论羊膜移植是修补结膜囊的一种有效方法。     

Amniotic membrane transplantation to reconstruct the conjunctival surface in cases of chemical burn

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation for conjunctival surface reconstruction in cases of chemical burn. METHODS: Preserved amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 6 patients (6 eyes) having symblepharon and fornix insufficiency due to chemical burn. Amniotic membrane was sutured to the intact conjunctiva after the fibrotic tissue was excised. The fornix was reconstructed in cases having fornix insufficiency. These cases were followed up for 4-24 months. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period (10+/-7.37 months) adequate bulbar conjunctiva and fornix depth was achieved in 5 patients without recurrence and with mild fibrosis. In 1 patient who did not have a healthy conjunctiva preoperatively, conjunctival fibrosis and symblepharon recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation is a good alternative treatment method for conjunctival surface reconstruction in those cases with some healthy peripheral conjunctival tissue.     

Effect of amniotic membrane transplantation on rabbit conjunctival surface reconstruction at the recovering stage of alkali burn

AIM: To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) on rabbit conjunctival surface recon- struction with severe alkali burns.(2) To evaluate the possibility of AMT treatment for ocular alkali burns during recovering stage. METHODS: Animal models were established on 30 eyes of rabbits by creating severe alkali burns on the conjunctiva from the upper corneal limbus to the upper conjunctival fornix. Preserved human amniotic membrane transplantations and reconstruction of conjunctival fornix were performed at one week after injury (recovering stage). Epithelium growth of burned area after transplantation was observed using light microscope at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks. Conjunctival tissue in transplantation area was collected at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. The ultrastructure of the collected tissue was studied by electron microscope. The results were compared with control group, which received only vitamin C subconjunctival injection and antibiotic eye drops as treatment for alkali burn. Exterior eye pictures were also taken at the end of the observation, the width from upper corneal limbus to the edge of upper fornix was measured. Data were analyzed statistically. · RESULTS:(1) In the transplant group, conjunctival epithelium growth was observed in the area of AMT under both light and electron microscope 1 week after surgery. At the 4th week, conjunctival epithelium with goblet cells that resembled normal conjunctival tissues was observed in the whole amniotic membrane area. At the 12th week, the conjunctival epithelium on the amniotic membrane was well formed, and the connective tissue under the epithelium was loose at the fornix. No fibrosis was identified. In contrast, conjunctival epithelium necrosis was observed in the control group at 2 weeks after alkali burns. Reepithelization did not occur through the 12-week observation. Severe fibrosis with inflammatory cells infiltration was observed between 4 to 8 weeks. At the 12th week, fibrosis of the connective tissue at the fornix developed and there were no conjunctival epithelium covering the burned area.(2) In the transplant group, the conjunctiva in transplanted area had no scarring and appeared smooth at the 12th week. Upper fornix was reconstructed. The depth of fornix was 7.9±0.3mm (7.6- 8.2mm), which was approximate to the normal depth 8.2±0.2mm (8.0-8.4mm, P >0.05). While in the control group, the burned area appeared rough with granuloma formation and severe scarring. Upper fornix became shallow. The depth of fornix was 3.1±1.7mm (1.0 - 4.5mm.), and significant difference was found between control and transplant group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Human amniotic membrane preserved in glycerin can promote cell adhering, migrating and differenti- ating of normal conjunctival epithelium. Reconstruction of conjunctival surface in early stage of alkali burn can be achieved by AMT. AMT can effectively prevent symblepharon formation.     

薄层及全厚口腔黏膜移植术治疗睑球粘连的临床观察

目的 探讨薄层及全厚口腔黏膜移植治疗睑球粘连的疗效.方法 采用薄层口腔黏膜移植术治疗14只眼睑球粘连患者,全厚口腔黏膜移植术12只眼,将薄层或全厚口腔黏膜置于结膜缺损处,7/0缝线将其固定于结膜游离创面,行结膜囊成形术.结果 两组睑球粘连均得到分离(14/14,12/12),移植的薄层及全厚口腔黏膜均成活,结膜囊重建满意(14/14,12/12),但全厚组的移植物呈红色不透明,患者美观满意度差(4/12),薄层组移植物呈淡粉红色半透明.患者美观满意度较好(11/14).结论 薄层或全厚口腔黏膜移植治疗睑球粘连均是一种行之有效的手术方法,但薄层组更美观.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of transplantation of mouth mucosa for symblepharon. Methods Fourteen eyes of symblepharon were treated with lameller mouth mucosa transplantation, and 12 eyes were treated with full-thickness mouth mucosa transplantation. The mouth mucosa was flattened onto the conjunctival defect, the mucosa was secured to surrounding conjunctival edge with 7/0 nylon sutures. Results Surgery successfully released the symblepharon of the two groups (14/14, 12/12). All mouth mucosa grafts were alive during a 6-12 months follow-up. The operation of reconstruction of conjunctival sac for all eyes was successful (14/14, 12/12). The full-thickness mouth mucosa group appeared red and opacity, the lameller mouth mucosa group showed pale pink and semitransparent. The patient's satisfaction degree in the full-thickness group (4/12) was worse than the lameller group (11/14). Conclusions Transplantation of lameller and full-thickness mouth mucosa appears to be a promising surgical treatment for reconstructing the ocular surface in patients with symblepharon. The thansplantation of lameller is more perfect.     

义眼座植入同期利用羊膜移植结膜囊重建术的临床观察

目的 探讨结膜囊狭窄患者义眼座植入同期利用羊膜移植重建结膜囊的临床效果。方法 对23例结膜囊狭窄患者行义眼座植入同时行结膜囊重建术。术中下穹隆采用埋线法固定在眶下壁骨膜,保存羊膜移植于结膜缺损区,上下睑缘褥式缝合。每周打开眼睑并用荧光素试纸染色,观察结膜上皮生长情况。术后2个月拆除上下眼睑缝线,定制合适的义眼。结果 术后第4周20只术眼羊膜表面全部被结膜上皮覆盖,其余3只术眼发生羊膜融解,结膜上皮未愈。术后2个月4只Ⅰ度结膜囊狭窄患眼全部治愈;10只Ⅱ度结膜囊狭窄患眼中8只治愈,2只好转;9只Ⅲ度结膜囊狭窄患眼中3只术眼痊愈、3只术眼好转,余3只术眼无效,其中1只术眼半年后重新行结膜囊成形术。完成治疗的21例患者无义眼座暴露、感染及睑球粘连等并发症,对术后眼座的活动度和外观比较满意。结论 对于Ⅰ和Ⅱ度的结膜囊狭窄采用保存羊膜移植同期行眼座植入术是安全可行的。对于Ⅲ度结膜囊狭窄采用保存羊膜移植疗效欠佳。（     

羊膜移植术在碱烧伤急性期重建结膜表面的实验研究

目的:(1)研究羊膜移植在治疗兔眼大面积结膜碱烧伤,重建健康结膜表面中的作用.(2)探讨碱烧伤急性期施行羊膜移植术的可行性.方法:选用30只家兔,制作角膜缘上方球结膜至穹隆部的碱烧伤的动物模型.实验组于碱烧伤后1wk时(急性期)行保存的人羊膜移植术及穹隆成形术.术后1,2,3,4,8,12wk时做光镜观察移植部位的结膜上皮生长情况,并于术后1,4,8wk时取移植区结膜做电镜观察其超微结构,同时与碱烧伤后行结膜下注射维生素C及应用抗生素眼药水点眼治疗的对照组结膜作对照观察.并在上述相应时期摄眼外观像、做上角膜缘至上方穹隆部宽度的测量.结果:(1)羊膜移植术后1wk时,光镜、电镜可见羊膜上有结膜上皮细胞长入,4wk时,含有杯状细胞的结膜上皮完全覆盖羊膜,接近于正常的结膜组织,12wk时,羊膜上结膜上皮细胞排列整齐,穹隆部结膜上皮下纤维结缔组织较为疏松,无增生.而对照组1wk时见结膜上皮细胞坏死脱落,未见有含杯状细胞的结膜上皮长入,4～8 wk时所见为大量纤维结缔组织增生,伴炎性细胞浸润.12wk时,穹隆部纤维结缔组织增生明显,未见有正常结膜上皮覆盖.(2)外观眼表可见,12wk时实验组移植区结膜光滑无瘢痕,上穹隆形成良好,穹隆深达7.6～8.2 mm,接近正常穹隆深度8.0～8.5 mm.而对照组结膜表面不光滑,有结膜肉芽肿形成,瘢痕增生明显,上方穹隆明显变浅,穹隆深度为1.0～4.5 mm.结论:以甘油保存的羊膜可作为一种底物载体,提供健康的基底膜,有利于周围正常结膜上皮的粘附、移行和分化,进而重建正常结膜表面.结膜碱烧伤后早期行羊膜移植可重建正常结膜表面,有效地防止睑球粘连的发生.