肺表面活性物质治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎前后咽鼓管的组织形态学变化

目的　研究肺表面活性物质对分泌性中耳炎的治疗作用 ,为分泌性中耳炎的治疗探索新的途径。方法　采用灭活的肺炎链球菌鼓室内注射 ,建立豚鼠分泌性中耳炎的动物模型 ,鼓室内注射肺表面活性物质 1周后检测听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)反应阈的变化 ,观察肺表面活性物质治疗前后咽鼓管黏膜光镜和电镜下的组织形态学变化。结果　豚鼠鼓室内注射灭活肺炎链球菌悬浮液 5d后 :鼓室积液 ,鼓膜浑浊 ,光锥消失 ,ABR平均 ( x±s)反应阈由正常对照组的 (14 0± 3 1)dB提高至 (45 0± 5 7)dB ;豚鼠咽鼓管黏膜层增厚 ,黏膜面有无结构的红染物覆盖 ,纤毛排列紊乱。经肺表面活性物质治疗 1周后 :鼓室积液减少或消失 ,ABR平均反应阈由 (45 0± 5 7)dB降低为(2 3 5± 6 3)dB。t检验分析 ,造模组与肺表面活性物质治疗组反应阈差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ;豚鼠咽鼓管黏膜层变薄 ,纤毛排列较整齐 ,朝向鼻咽侧。结论　肺表面活性物质对豚鼠分泌性中耳炎有治疗作用。     

经咽鼓管插管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎

2002年1月至2003年10月采用经咽鼓管插管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎100例,疗效满意,现报告如下。1.1临床资料。慢性分泌性中耳炎200例,采用单盲完全随机法分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组100例100耳,男60例,女40例,12～60岁,平均36岁,病程2个月至30年,平均15.09年;对照组100例100耳,男58     

分泌性中耳炎豚鼠的咽鼓管表面活性物质变化

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of surface active agents of eustachian tube of guinea pigs suffering from secretory otitis media, to explore the effects of surface active agents on secretory otitis media. METHODS: To establish the animal model of guinea pigs suffering from secretory otitis media. To analyse the changes of biochemical component and activity of eustachian tube's surfactant, meanwhile; to observe surfactant change after ectogenic surfactant treatment. RESULTS: The main components of the surfactant decrease in the model group of guinea pigs suffering from secretory otitismedia, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is (19.9 +/- 1.7)%, phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) is (36.8 +/- 2.7)%, minimum surface tension (gamma min) is (18.5 +/- 2.4) mN/m, and PC is (25.7 +/- 2.1)%, PE is (43.7 +/- 3.8)%, (P < 0.001), and gamma min is (7.6 +/- 0.8) mN/m in normal group (P < 0.001). After giving Ectogenic surfactant treatment, PC and PE increase, PC is (23.3 +/- 2.2)%, PE is (42.5 +/- 3.6)%; gamma min reduce, it is (11.8 +/- 2.3) mN/m. CONCLUSIONS: The main biochemical components of the surfactant obviously decrease, the activity of the surfactant weakens in secretory otitis media of guinea pig. This study showed the treatment of Ectogenic surfactant is effective.     

肺表面活性物质治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的研究外源性表面活性物质治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎的效果,寻找分泌性中耳炎新的治疗方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎豚鼠动物模型随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组各6只(12耳),分别用外源性表面活性物质、地塞米松和生理盐水注入豚鼠中耳腔内,然后观察豚鼠中耳变化;分析豚鼠咽鼓管内表面活性物质的生化成分和活性变化。结果A组的磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)分别为(23.3±2.2)%和(42.5±3.6)%,B组分别为(17.0±1.9)%和(36.7±3.1)%,C组分别为(15.8±1.2)%和(35.8±3.1)%。A组的最低表面张力(γmin)为(11.8±2.3)毫牛顿/米(mN/m),B组为(20.2±2.7)毫牛顿/米(mN/m),C组为(19.4±2.6)毫牛顿/米(mN/m)(P<0.001)。结论咽鼓管内表面活性物质的异常是引起咽鼓管功能障碍的重要原因之一,外源性表面活性物质对分泌性中耳炎有一定疗效。     

可逆性咽鼓管阻塞建立豚鼠急性分泌性中耳炎模型

目的 探索单纯咽鼓管阻塞建立急性分泌性中耳炎豚鼠动物模型的方法,为分泌性中耳炎急性期的相关实验研究提供一种理想的动物模型.方法 健康雄性豚鼠22只,左侧为实验耳,右侧为对照耳,经软腭切开膨胀海绵阻塞左侧咽鼓管咽口建立可逆性分泌性中耳炎动物模型,耳内镜下观察记录鼓膜形态和鼓窜积液情况,分别于术后第7天、第14天及第21天各获取6只造模成功的豚鼠听泡,探查术后膨胀海绵留置情况,HE染色观察病程中中耳黏膜的病理改变.结果 造模组22耳中20耳分别于术后第3～7天出现鼓室浆液性渗出,造模成功率为90.9%,病理改变表现为鼓室黏膜增厚,黏膜下血管扩张,淋巴细胞浸润,近咽鼓管鼓室口部纤毛低矮,数量减少甚至脱落.术后14 d膨胀海绵已基本排出,14～18 d中耳积液消失,同时组织形态逐渐恢复正常.病程中对侧对照耳鼓室无积液,亦无明显病理改变.结论 经软腭切开膨胀海绵咽鼓管阻塞法可成功建立豚鼠急性分泌性中耳炎模型,该分泌性中耳炎可于膨胀海绵自行排出后逐渐自愈.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a animal model for acute otitis media with effusion (OME). Methods In 22 guinea pigs, the left nasal orifice of Eustachian tube was approached via a transpalatal incision and obstructed with polyvinyl acetal material. Right ears were set as the control. Then all the ears were evaluated by otomicroscopy every day. Seven, 14 and 21 days after the intervention, six guinea pigs were killed for histologic study. Results Of the 22 guinea pigs included in this study, 20 ears (90. 9% ) were found to have effusion 3-7 days after the operation, two cases were excluded for purulent otorrhea 10 days postoperatively. The epithelium initially developed hyperplasia, and the submucosa showed vascular and lymphatic dilatations with inflammatory cells infiltration. None of the contralateral control ears had evidence of disease by otomicroscopic examination and histologic study. Conclusion This experimental methods provoked reproducible pathologic characteristics similar to those for otitis media with effusion.     

咽鼓管咽口及其周围形态学改变与分泌性中耳炎的相关性研究

目的:研究咽鼓管咽口及其周围形态学改变与分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的相关性。方法:72例(144耳)正常人为对照组,89例(151耳)SOM患者为SOM组。用纤维鼻咽镜观察对照组和SOM组咽鼓管咽口的形态及SOM组咽鼓管咽口周围形态改变。结果:①对照组和SOM组成人咽鼓管咽口形态中三角形及缝隙形的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);②对照组和SOM组儿童咽鼓管咽口形态差异无统计学意义;③成人SOM咽鼓管咽口周围形态改变与儿童不同。结论:①成人咽鼓管咽口形态改变在SOM的发生、发展中有着不可忽视的相关性,为探索成人SOM的治疗提供了一个新的思路。②在SOM组儿童中发现所有患儿咽鼓管咽口周围主要是鼻咽部炎症,次之是腺样体肥大和咽鼓管扁桃体肥大。③本研究采用纤维鼻咽镜直接观察咽鼓管咽口及鼻咽侧壁,对于明确SOM的病因和选择治疗方案具有重要意义。     

经口咽鼓管导管治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

1996年5月至1997年12月,我们用山东医科大学研制的新型咽鼓管导管[1]经口插管注药、吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎65例,疗效满意,报道如下。     

分泌性中耳炎与咽鼓管黏膜超微结构和分子生物学的关系

分泌性中耳炎是临床上的常见病和多发病，对儿童听力和言语发育影响较大，咽鼓管功能障碍是其明确的发病原因之一。正常状态下的咽鼓管黏膜是咽鼓管实现功能的重要组成部分，对维持中耳腔良好微环境，保持其正常功能至关重要。咽鼓管黏膜超微结构和分子生物学上的异常与分泌性中耳炎的发生存在密切联系。因此本文综述对比近年来咽鼓管黏膜正常和分泌性中耳炎下的超微结构和分子生物学差异，进一步探讨分泌性中耳炎的发病机制，以期对指导临床治疗有所帮助。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探索有效治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎患者63例（78耳）随机分成两组：实验组：在鼻内镜下,对31例（38耳）分泌性中耳炎患者行咽鼓管置管术,留管并反复注药治疗;对照组：对32例（40耳）患者使用传统的鼓膜切开置管术治疗,术后随访6～9个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈16耳,占42．1％,好转18耳,占47．4％,总有效率89．5％：对照组：治愈8耳,占20．0％,好转21耳,占52.5％,总有效率72．5％。治疗后两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在鼻内镜下行咽鼓管置管术是在直视下操作,通过咽鼓管的自然通道插入导管,不仅避免了损伤鼓膜,也避免了咽鼓管吹张的重复操作,为临床治疗分泌性中耳炎提供了一个良好途径。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨在鼻内镜视频下,自咽鼓管咽口插入胶管并留置治疗分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法 在鼻内镜视频系统下,经咽鼓管咽口插入鼓室腔,外侧端固定于面颊部,定期抽液,冲洗、注药,痊愈后观察10天拔管.结果 21耳均插管顺利,无不良反应.其中18耳一次插管治愈,占85.7%,3耳经2次插管治愈,占14.3%.总治愈率100%.结论 通过鼻咽部咽鼓管置管术,视野清晰,操作方便,治疗时间短,复发率低,无明显后遗症,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的理想选择.     

咽鼓管咽口形态改变与分泌性中耳炎相关性研究

目的：研究成人咽鼓管咽口形态改变与分泌性中耳炎(SOM)之间的相关性。方法：对77例(115耳)正常人(对照组)和68例(97耳)SOM患者(SOM组)用鼻内镜观察其咽鼓管咽口的形态，将其分为三角形、缝隙形、椭圆形、喇叭形等4种类型并行统计学分析。结果：对照组三角形84侧，缝隙形4侧，喇叭形17侧，椭圆形10侧；SOM组三角形13侧，缝隙形68侧，椭圆形5侧，喇叭形11侧，两组咽鼓管咽口形态存在显著的差异。结论：咽鼓管咽口形态改变在SOM的发生、发展中有着不可忽视的相关性，为探索成人SOM的治疗提供了一个新的思路。     

Endoscopic findings at the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube in otitis media with effusion

Transnasal endoscopy of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube was performed on 155 ears with otitis media with effusion (77 ears of children, 78 ears of adults). In children, blockage of the orifice by mucopurulent nasal discharge was the most frequent finding (72.7%), followed by compression of the orifice by the adenoid tissue (52.0%), hypertrophy of the peritubal tonsil (16.9%), and edema around the orifice, especially at its posterior lip (10.4%). In adults, the most frequent abnormal finding was edema of the orifice (26.9%), followed by blockage of the orifice by mucopurulent nasal discharge (23.1 %), and atrophy of the orifice (10.3%). In 39.7% of cases findings were normal. Thus, main pathological findings associated with tubal dysfunction involved inflammation in the nasopharynx.     

漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗放疗后分泌性中耳炎

目的：了解鼻咽癌(NPC)放疗后分泌性中耳炎(SOM)咽鼓管功能，以及漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗该病的临床价值。方法：使用咽鼓管功能综合检查仪检测21例(37耳)NPC放疗后SOM患者的咽鼓管功能；在鼻内镜直视下将漂浮导管导入咽鼓管内扩张咽鼓管，治疗NPC放疗后咽鼓管阻塞引起的SOM。结果：21例NPC放疗后SOM中，咽鼓管功能为正常型2耳，阻塞型21耳，闭锁不全型8耳，开放型6耳。漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗NPC放疗后SOM，有效率为43．2％(16／37)。结论：NPC放疗后SOM的咽鼓管功能障碍，多以阻塞型为主，应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Pharyngeal ciliary activity in guinea pigs with otitis media

Summary The function of cilia present in the tubotympanum plays an important role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of otitis media with effusion (OME). We used a photoelectric method to examine the ciliary activity in the eustachian tube, in the central pharynx, as well as the nasal cavity of normal animals and animals with otitis media. In normal animals, the ciliary activity in the nasal cavity was not different from that in the eustachian tube. In some animals with otitis media, however, there was a significant difference between the ciliary activity in the nasal cavity and that in the eustachian tube. On the other hand, no significant differences were recognized in any given group of animals examined between the level of the ciliary activity in the central pharynx and that in the eustachian tube. Our findings show that the function of the cilia present in the pharynx is a valid index of that in the eustachian tube. Our study further indicates that it may be possible to clinically assess the ciliary activity in the pharyngeal mucosa biopsied from patients with OME to determine objectively the effects of medical treatments of the disease.     

咽鼓管球囊扩张术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效观察

目的 观察咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效。 方法 对2014年8月至2016年12月诊断为慢性分泌性中耳炎并入院接受咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管术治疗的19例21耳行短期疗效观察分析。评价的指标如下:纯音电测听气导均值(PTA)、气-骨导差(ABG)、声阻抗、耳内镜检查、颞骨CT扫描和主观满意度(VAS视觉模拟评分)。 结果 19例均于全麻下顺利完成手术,术后6个月鼓膜置管未脱落者予以取管。术后随访6~10个月,纯音电测听测试耳气导结果术后较术前有所提高。PTA从术前(59.5±21.5)dBHL降低到术后(52.0±31.0)dBHL(t=3.409, P=0.005), ABG从术前(35.5±17.5)dBHL降低到术后(21±16)dBHL(t=2.957,P=0.011), 76.19%的患者声阻抗鼓室图术后转为A型;3例5耳自觉听力和症状无明显改善,其中2例4耳鼓室积液持续存在,1例1耳取管后3周再次复发,予以持续置管。术后疗效满意度平均为(6.17±1.16)分。 结论 咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎短期疗效好。     

An experimental study of mucociliary pathology of the eustachian tube in otitis media with effusion induced by irradiation

Summary We have examined the function and fine structure of the mucociliary system of the eustachian tube in an experimental study of otitis media with effusion induced by X-ray irradiation. Functional examination demonstrated that the ciliary activity was diminished in such a condition, while morphological observations showed pathological findings including compound cilia, vacuolation of ciliated cells and expansion of intercellular space. These findings show that irradiation-induced otitis media with effusion results in impairment of the mucociliary system. As evidenced by these studies, the mucociliary system in the eustachian tube has an important role in the clearance of fluid produced in the tympanic cavity as well as affording improvement in this disease.     

分泌性中耳炎患者吸鼻试验检测结果分析

目的 观察分析分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)患者吸鼻试验结果,探讨咽鼓管闭合功能在OME发病中的作用.方法 选择56例成人OME患者、16例儿童OME患者、66例健康成年人和20例健康儿童做为研究对象,对4组人群采用问卷调查及使用咽鼓管功能综合检查仪进行吸鼻试验检测,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 以外耳道压低于基线10 dapa(含10 dapa)定为吸鼻试验阳性.成人OME组吸鼻试验阳性率为64.86％(对照组为9.09％),儿童OME组吸鼻试验阳性率为70.83％(对照组为38.24％),均明显高于对照组(P值均＜0.05),而成人与儿童OME患者吸鼻试验阳性率差异无统计学意义(X2=0.289,P＞0.05).结论 OME患者吸鼻试验阳性率明显高于健康对照组,提示咽鼓管闭合功能不全参与了OME的发病.