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Background The efficacies of current treatments for invasive aspergillus (IA) are unsatisfactory and new therapeutic targets or regimens to treat IA are urgently needed.Previous studies have indicated ... 相似文献
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目的 揭示国内烟曲霉临床分离株对目前常用及新型抗真菌药物敏感性及不同地区烟曲霉对抗真菌药物的敏感性特点。方法 实验室保存的分离自2011—2015年中国不同地区的159株临床烟曲霉菌株为试验菌株。采用美国标准化实验室与研究所(CLSI)推荐的M38-A2微量液基稀释法为药敏方法,按规定的标准进行。结果 12种抗真菌药物伊曲康唑(ITC)、伏立康唑(VRC)、泊沙康唑(POS)、里氟康唑(RAV)、艾沙康唑(ISA)、氟康唑(FLC)、米卡芬净(MCF)、阿尼芬净(ANI)、卡泊芬净(CBF)、两性霉素B(AMB)、特比萘芬(TBF)和5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)对159株烟曲霉菌的MIC90分别为1、0.5、0.25、0.5、1、64、0.063、0.063、0.5、2、4、64mg/L。烟曲霉唑类耐药率分别为: ITC为4.4%,ISA和RAV均为3.77%,POS为3.14%,VRC为1.9%。除VRC、FLC和5-FC外,烟曲霉临床分离株对其他9种抗真菌药物的敏感性在不同地区间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 三唑类(除FLC外)和棘白菌素类体外抗烟曲霉菌活性较高,优于AMB和TBF;烟曲霉在体外对FLC、5-FC表现为高度耐药。目前我国烟曲霉临床株唑类耐药率相对较低。烟曲霉株体外抗真菌药物的敏感性存在地区差异。 相似文献
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目的 研究烟曲霉菌暴露对支气管哮喘大鼠肺组织IL-33水平的影响及地塞米松的作用。方法 将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为A组(正常对照组)、B组(哮喘组)、C组(烟曲霉菌暴露组)、D组(地塞米松干预组),每组6只。B、C、D组均以卵白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)致敏、激发的方法构建哮喘模型;C、D组在哮喘模型构建成功后,给予烟曲霉菌孢子鼻腔滴入;D组在OVA激发阶段给予地塞米松干预;A组则予等量生理盐水致敏、激发、滴鼻作为对照。通过气道高反应性检测、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比及血清IgE水平确定哮喘模型的建立,ELISA法及qRT-PCR法检测肺组织IL-33的表达,大鼠肺组织和全血于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(potato dextrose agar,PDA)上培养24 h后观察烟曲霉菌菌落生长情况。结果 B、C组与A组比较,肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、血清IgE水平及肺组织IL 33的表达均明显升高(P<0.05),且C组比B组升高更明显。各组间气道反应性指标sRaw变化值差异不明显。D组与C组比较,嗜酸性粒细胞百分比及肺组织IL-33的表达均明显降低(P<0.05),血清IgE水平降低不显著,但肺组织烟曲霉菌培养阳性率高于C组。结论 糖皮质激素(地塞米松)能够抑制烟曲霉菌暴露的支气管哮喘大鼠肺组织IL-33的表达,但增加了气道真菌定植的风险,针对IL-33的阻断治疗有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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目的:克隆烟曲霉角鲨烯环氧化酶基因并探讨其与特比萘芬抗烟曲霉活性的关系.方法:利用聚乙二醇-甘油法将0.5μg烟曲霉基因组DNA文库转化pyrG-烟曲霉AF293.1原生质体;在含有特比萘芬的最低培养基上筛选耐特比萘芬的pyrG 转化子,然后对介导特比萘芬耐药的烟曲霉基因进行序列分析并进行基因克隆;最后将克隆的基因重新转化到烟曲霉中以确认其与特比萘芬敏感性之间的关系.结果:从5×104个转化子中得到一个耐特比萘芬的pyrG 转化子,该转化子表现出特比萘芬特异性耐药性且与质粒高度相关;序列分析发现,是烟曲霉角鲨烯环氧化酶基因介导了特异性特比萘芬耐药;将该基因克隆后重新转化到烟曲霉中,结果敏感的烟曲霉再次获得特异性特比萘芬耐药性.结论:首次获得烟曲霉角鲨烯环氧化酶基因,并发现额外拷贝的该基因可以导致特异性特比萘芬耐药这一新型机制. 相似文献
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目的:探讨用嘧啶营养缺陷作为筛选标记、根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法敲除烟曲霉基因.方法:以pyrG作为筛选标记,在双元载体pDHt/sk上分别构建烟曲霉FAPI,和SHOI基因的打靶序列.构建好的质粒分别转化入根癌农杆菌.24℃条件下,含打靶质粒的根癌农杆菌与烟曲霉在不含尿嘧啶和尿苷的诱导培养基上共培养48h;然后将培养物转移到37℃,筛选转化子.结果:根癌农杆菌介导的烟曲霉转化同源重组率较高,FAPI基因为44%(7/16)、SHOI基因为35%(7/20).结论:以pyrG作为筛选标记、根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法能高效敲除烟曲霉基因,为烟曲霉基因功能研究提供了有效方法. 相似文献
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Background Dendritic cells (DCs) can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), activating the immune response. During A. fumigatus infection, a Th and Treg response induced in the fungi-pulsed DCs is not yet well understood. Methods In this study, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were separated and proliferated from C57BL/6 mice. A. fumigatus pulsed DCs were generated and cultured with CD4~ T cells derived from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice in vitro. CD4~ T cells differentiation after co-culture were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time PCR analysis. Results The A. fumigatus pulsed DCs exhibited increased Thl and Treg frequency, Thl-related cytokines (IFN-y and IL- l2), Treg-related cytokines (TGF-13) and T-bet, and Foxp3 mRNA levels compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between A. fumigatus pulsed DCs group and the control group about Th17 and Th2 frequency. Conclusions The inactivated conidia of A. fumigatus were able to activate BMDCs and made them capable of triggering T cell responses in vitro. A. fumigatus loaded DCs was a weak inducer of Th17 and Th2, but induced a strong Thl and Trea resDonse. 相似文献
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YANG Jian-xun LIU Wan LU Qiao-yun WAN Zhe WANG Xiao-hong LI Ruo-yu 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2009,122(17):2017-2021
Background Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe and frequently fatal disease in patients receiving treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as cyclophosphamide. Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) now is a leading cause of IPA. Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are important pattern recognition receptors involved in immune responses to A. fumigatus in vitro. However, the expression of the two receptors during the infection of A. fumigatus in vivo is not completely understood. The effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the expression of the receptors need to be further studied. Methods We established different immune status in mice models with or without A. fumigatus infection. On days 1, 3 and 5 post inoculation, pulmonary tissues from mice of the different groups were harvested. Dectin-1 and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lungs of the mice were investigated by real-time PCR. The pulmonary fungal burden in the mice with A. fumigatus infection was also evaluated. Results In the immunocompetent mice, three days after A. fumigatus inoculation, dectin-1 and TLR2 expression increased markedly compared with the normal control group. Cyclophosphamide inhibited the clearance of pathogens and the expression of dectin-1 with or without A. fumigatus infection in the lungs as well. There was no statistical difference in TLR2 expression between the different immune status groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that in vivo, dectin-1 and TLR2 are activated during the experimental period which would provide a broad range of possibilities for a specific and effective inflammatory response to kill A. fumigatus. Inhibition of dectin-1 expression may be one of the mechanisms of cyclophosphamide in the development of IPA. Chin Med J 2009; 122(17):2017-2021 相似文献
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目的:探讨烟曲霉菌对呼吸道上皮细胞的粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)表达的影响及其可能机制.方法:分别应用不同浓度(0、8、16、20 mg/L)的烟曲霉菌提取物(Aspergillus fumigatus extract,AFE)作用体外培养人支气管上皮细胞16HBE-14o不同的时间(12、24、48、72 h).同时还应用热处理的AFE(heat-treated AFE,HT-AFE)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(抑肽酶)、蛋白激酶激活受体-2(PAR-2)激动剂(SLIGLV-NH2)和PAR-2阻断剂(FSLLRY-NH2)作用16HBE-14o细胞.应用ELISA法检测细胞上清液GM-CSF含量,同时应用RT-PCR法检测GM-CSF mRNA的表达.结果:正常培养条件下的对照组细胞仅表达分泌少量GM-CSF,而给予不同浓度的AFE作用后,细胞合成和分泌GM-CSF的量较对照组明显增加(P<0.05),并呈明显的时间和浓度依赖性.PAR-2激动剂同样可以促进细胞合成分泌GM-CSF.丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂和PAR-2阻断剂几乎完全抑制AFE的上述作用.HT-AFE的蛋白酶活性完全灭活,不能促进细胞GM-CSF表达增加.结论:AFE依赖其蛋白酶活性激活PAR-2受体,促进呼吸道上皮细胞GM-CSF合成和分泌,从而促进哮喘的发生和发展. 相似文献
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目的:克隆烟曲霉sho1基因,并构建烟曲霉sho1基因突变株,了解该基因在烟曲霉应对环境变化中的作用。方法:通过基因同源性比对,在烟曲霉基因组中找出与酿酒酵母sho1基因同源的基因,PCR扩增烟曲霉sho1基因及其上、下游各约1.0 kb的DNA片段,并将其重组到质粒pDHt/SK2中,再利用pyrG作为筛选标记构建重组质粒。将重组质粒转化烟曲霉AF293.1得到烟曲霉△sho1。观察烟曲霉△sho1和烟曲霉AF293(野生株,wt)在MM、CM、BHI这3种培养基上的生长速度,测定烟曲霉△sho1在含有氯化钠、丙三醇这两种渗透压物质培养基上的生长情况,并比较烟曲霉△sho1和wt对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。结果:烟曲霉△sho1在CM、MM、BHI这3种培养基上的生长速度均慢于wt;△sho1在含渗透压物质小于1 mol/L的培养基上菌落直径没有明显变化,在含渗透压物质大于1 mol/L的培养基上菌落直径明显变小;烟曲霉△sho1和wt对抗真菌药物的敏感性没有差异。结论:sho1基因影响烟曲霉的生长速度,与培养基类型没有明显关系。烟曲霉sho1基因介导渗透压传导。sho1基因对烟曲霉的抗真菌药物敏感性没有影响。 相似文献
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Background Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus responsible for the majority of invasive mold infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplantation or with persistent neutropenia. This study aimed to determine the role of E-cadherin for adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores in the human epithelial cell line A549.
Methods A. fumigatus blastospores were incubated with the total protein of A549 to investigate the binding of E-cadherin and blastospores followed by an affinity purification procedure. After establishing the adhesion model, the adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores by A549 cells were evaluated by down-regulating E-cadherin of A549 cells using blocking antibody or small interfering RNA (siRNA).
Results E-cadherin was adhered to the surface of A. fumigatus blastospore. Adhesion and endocytosis of the blastospores were reduced by blocking or down-regulating E-cadherin in A549 cells.
Conclusions E-cadherin is a receptor for adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores in epithelial cells. This may open a new approach to treat this fungal infection.
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目的 探讨烟曲霉对肺微血管内皮细胞通透性的影响及其机制。方法 利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测人肺微血管内皮细胞肌动蛋白(F-actin)和细胞跨膜电阻仪测定细胞跨膜电位,以观察细胞通透性的改变,并利用p38 MAPK抑制剂、ROCK抑制剂和蛋白激酶C抑制剂探讨其机制。结果 烟曲霉处理后肺微血管内皮细胞F-actin染色的荧光强度显著下降(P<0.01),烟曲霉处理组也出现细胞跨膜电阻值的显著下降(P<0.01)。与单独烟曲霉处理组比较,SB203580(20μmol/L, p38 MAPK抑制剂)干预组、Y27632(20μmol/L, ROCK抑制剂)干预组以及LY317615(10μmol/L,蛋白激酶C抑制剂)干预组的跨膜电阻值均显著上升(P<0.05)。结论 烟曲霉处理致肺微血管内皮细胞通透性增加,其机制可能涉及p38 MAPK、ROCK激酶以及蛋白激酶C通路。 相似文献
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根癌农杆菌介导的烟曲霉转化条件的优化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的探讨根癌农杆菌介导烟曲霉的遗传转化及其影响因素。方法构建根癌农杆菌二元载体PDHt/SK,二元载体转化根癌农杆菌,分别对共培养温度(23、24、25、26、27、28)℃、媒介(尼龙膜、硝化纤维膜、液相静王培养)、共培养时间(12、24、36、48h)、预培养加乙酰丁香酮与否、加入乙酰丁香酮的浓度(100μg/ml、200μg/ml、300μg/ml、400μg/m1);分生孢子与根癌农杆菌的不同比例(1:1、1:10、1;100、1:1000)进行根癌农杆菌介导烟曲霉的转化,观察上述条件下的根癌农杆菌介导的烟曲霉转化效率,用潮霉素抗性基因筛选转化子。结果共培养温度、转化媒介、共培养时间、共培养加入乙酰丁香酮不同的浓度、分生孢子与根癌农杆菌的不同比例均对根癌农杆菌介导烟曲霉转化效率产生影响,但是预培养加乙酰丁香酮与否对根癌农杆菌转化烟曲霉的效率影响不明显。结论根癌农杆菌可成功介导烟曲霉的遗传转化,其转化过程受诸多因素的影响。 相似文献
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目的 探讨烟曲霉菌对呼吸道上皮细胞修复功能的影响及其可能机制.方法 实验分为正常对照组、不同浓度(10、20、40 mg/L)AFE组、热处理AFE组.分别应用不同浓度和热处理的烟曲霉菌提取物(aspergillus fumigatus extract,AFE)作用体外培养的人支气管上皮细胞16HBE不同的时间,以细胞体外损伤修复功能、细胞迁移能力、定量细胞黏附能力、细胞伸展面积为指标,观察AFE和热处理的AFE对上皮细胞修复能力的影响.结果 20、40 mg/L AFE均明显抑制16HBE细胞的体外损伤修复功能、细胞迁移能力和细胞黏附能力(P<0.05),并呈明显的时间和浓度依赖性.10 mg/L AFE与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).10、20、40 mg/L AFE均明显抑制细胞的伸展能力(P<0.05),并呈明显浓度依赖性.另外,热处理AFE的蛋白酶完全灭活,对上述观察指标无明显影响(P>0.05).结论 AFE依赖其蛋白酶活性明显抑制细胞的修复功能,并呈明显的浓度和时间依赖性. 相似文献
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Background Invasive aspergillosis (IA),which is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (A.fumigatus),is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients.Despite considerable progr... 相似文献
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目的 建立检测烟曲霉的锁定核酸(LNA)水解探针实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法.方法 实验菌株来自北京同仁医院临床分离曲霉菌株,均通过形态学和DNA测序方法鉴定到种.实验组:烟曲霉48株;对照组:黄曲霉55株、杂色曲霉16株、构巢曲霉10株、聚多曲霉5株、寄生曲霉1株;l临床标本组:已经纯培养出烟曲霉的冻存临床标本,鼻窦炎鼻窦组织标本20份、肺泡灌洗液1份.提取标本的DNA,LNA水解探针qPCR检测炯曲霉特异性β-微管蛋白基因,评价此方法的分析特异性、扩增效率、线性动态范围和检测限.结果 烟曲霉特异性β-微管蛋白基因LNA水解探针qPCR检测烟曲霉方法的分析特异性为100%,扩增效率为98.2%,线性动态范围6个数量级,检测限2.5pg.结论 烟曲霉特异性β-微管蛋白基因LNA水解探针qPCR法能快速、准确地检测烟曲霉,而且此方法易操作、经济实惠,应用前景广阔.Abstract: Objective To evaluate the performance of locked nucleic acid(LNA)probe Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in the detection of Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus).Methods All clinically cultured isolates of Aspergillus at our hospital were identified by morphology and DNA sequencing assay.The experimental group consists of A.fumigatus(n=48)while the control group Was made up of A.flavus(n=55),A.versicolor(n=16),A.nidulans(n=10),A.sydowii(n=5)and A.parasiticus (n=1).The clinical samples consisted of A.fumigatus sinusitis tissue(n=20)and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(n=1).DNA was extracted from all samples.A.fumigatus β-tubulin gene Was targeted with LNA probe Real-time PCR assay.LNA probe Real-time PCR was evaluated with regards to specificity,efficiency,linear dynamic range in PCR amplification and limits of detection.Results All clinical samples were positively amplified.The specificity was 100%and the PCR efficiency 98.2%.Linear dynamic range Was at least six orders of magnitude and the limit of detection 2.5 pg.Conclusion LNA probe Real-time PCR is a promisingly accurate assay of rapidly detecting A.fumigatus practically and cost-efficiently. 相似文献
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目的通过采集某校园环境标本,分离、鉴定出烟曲霉菌并对其进行分型研究,了解该校园环境中烟曲霉菌基因型及其分布情况。方法釆集该校内土壤、腐叶来源样本进行培养,10%KOH染色及乳酸棉兰染色,显微镜下观察;提取基因组DNA并扩增β-微管蛋白(β-tubulin)基因以鉴定烟曲霉菌,利用烟曲霉细胞表面蛋白(CSP)对其进行分型。结果从土壤、腐叶各20份共40份样本中共分离到43株真菌,其中土壤样本中分离到19株,腐叶样本中分离到24株;经β-tubulin基因PCR扩增鉴定,22株为烟曲霉菌,包括土壤来源的8株和腐叶来源的14株;所获的烟曲霉菌经CSP基因扩增及序列测定,分为2个基因型:t01型和t25型,其中t25型为新增CSP基因型。结论烟曲霉菌在环境中普遍存在,不同地区其烟曲霉菌种类存在差异,该研究中所发现的烟曲霉菌CSP基因型t25为新增型。 相似文献
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烟曲霉菌孢子对哮喘大鼠气道炎症和气道反应性的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
目的研究大鼠哮喘模型接触烟曲霉菌孢子后的气道炎症和气道反应性的改变。方法70只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大组(每组35只),每组下分为空白对照组(5只)、哮喘组(10只)、孢子滴鼻对照组(10只)和孢子滴鼻哮喘组(10只)。以卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏并激发建立大鼠哮喘模型,分别在OVA激发前(Ⅰ组)或激发后(Ⅱ组)予烟曲霉菌孢子滴鼻。通过BCA法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)上清中总蛋白浓度以观察支气管上皮损伤情况,并进行BALF细胞计数和分类。通过测定跨肺压和气体流速来计算大鼠气道阻力和予以不同浓度乙酰胆碱(Ach)刺激后的气道反应性变化。结果在Ⅰ组中,激发前孢子滴鼻哮喘组(CA组)BALF上清中总蛋白浓度较未用孢子滴鼻的哮喘组(A1组)明显增多[(1.125±0.254)μg/mL比(0.825±0.173)μg/mL,P〈0.01],且CA组大鼠在给予10μg/kg和100μg/kg Ach后的气道阻力[(0.997±0.196)cm H2O·mL^-1·s^-1,(1.123±0.142)cm H2O·mL^-1·s^-1]均较A1组[(0.655±0.089)cm H2O·mL^-1·s^-1,(0.687±0.048)cm H2O·mL^-1·s^-1]显著升高(P均〈0.05)。但在Ⅱ组中,激发后孢子滴鼻哮喘组(AC组)BALF上清中总蛋白浓度,基础气道阻力和给予Ach后气道阻力与哮喘组(A2组)比较差异均无统计学意义(P均〉0.05)。CA组BALF细胞总数和细胞分类与A1组间差异无统计学意义,但AC组BALF中性粒细胞较A2组明显升高[(2.488±0.420)×10^6比(0.936±0.459)×10^6,P〈0.05]。结论哮喘大鼠在雾化激发前接触烟曲霉菌孢子,能加重其支气管上皮损伤和增加气道反应性。 相似文献