南通市环境氡及其子体水平

氡及其子体是人类所受到的天然辐射的主要来源,环境中氡及其子体的吸入可引起肺癌。南通市地处长江三角洲平原,东临黄海,调查沿海地区氡及其子体水平,估算居民所受氡及其子体的内照射剂量,是非常必要的．     

BEIR IV报告:氡与肺癌

BEIR Ⅳ报告指出了影响氡及其子体对重要靶器官剂量的诸因素,综合分析了地下矿工流行病学资料,导出了受氡及其子体照射肺癌危险度的估计值,建立了改进的相对危险度模型,并将地下矿工氡致肺癌危险度估计外推到室内生活的一般公众,提出了室内公众危险度的估计方案.     

氡致肺癌的相对危险度

室内水平氡及其短寿命子体照射引起的肺癌危险度 ,一直是人们十分关心的问题。为此不同国际组织和国家 ,在过去不同时期分别提出过不同的氡致肺癌危险度估算模型。但由于当时可用资料的限制 ,这些危险度估算模型都存在着一定缺陷。 1999年美国国家科学院出版社出版了由美国国家研究院 (ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ)生命科学委员会 (Ｃｏｍｍｉｓ ｓｉｏｎｏｎＬｉｆｅＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ)辐射效应研究部 (ＢｏａｒｄｏｎＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＥｆ ｆｅｃｔｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ)氡照射健康危害委员会 (Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｎ…     

氡子体和含砷矿尘对矿工肺癌病因的贡献

引起云锡矿工肺癌的主要原因是早年井下吸八氡子体和含砷矿尘。井下防护实践要求对氡阳矿尘在肺癌病因中的作用给以定量性的估计。动物实验、氡致肺癌危险度计算和矿工肺癌组织发生学研究结果表明: 氧在云锡矿工肺癌病因中的相对贡献大约是矿尘的4倍。这个数值可以为建立云锡矿山井下粉尘浓度建议值、肺癌职业赔偿诊断标准并为云锡矿工肺癌发病预测提供重要参数。     

山西省某铁矿井下氡浓度与所致矿工剂量

在铀矿开采作业中 ,工作人员会吸入铀的子代产物、氡和氡子体气溶胶、氡的短寿命子体2 18Ｐｏ和2 14 Ｐｂ ,对呼吸道上皮形成α辐射 ,从而诱发肺癌。美国、加拿大、捷克等国家 ,相继报道了铀矿工肺癌流行病学的调查结果 ,6 0～ 70年代后世界许多非铀矿山氡的危害越来越受到各界人士的普遍关注。我国云锡矿工肺癌高发职业病因调查研究表明 ,接触氡子体剂量高的人群肺癌发病率也高 ,统计证明 ,有明显相关。我们于 1996年 5月～ 1997年 4月对山西某市区铁矿的 6个矿井进行了调查 ,一年分为 4个周期 ,每 3个月换发一次ＣＲ 39探测器。该市区铁矿…     

海口地区环境氡及其子体浓度

海口地区环境氡及其子体浓度陈学胜，钟蔚文，张福彩，林智氡广泛存在于土壤和建材中，它可导致肺癌的危险，国内外均有资料报道［１］。为了解海滨城市的环境空气中氧及其子体浓度水平，我们调查了海口市地区室内外空气中氡及其子体浓度，并估算了居民吸入氡及子体所致的...     

金矿井下空气中氡及其子体浓度调查

氡已被确认为致人类肺癌物,铀矿山中氡及其子体的问题最突出。随着矿山开采及人们环保意识的增强,氡及其子体的防护已超出铀矿山的范围。特别是１９４０年发现非铀矿山井下有高浓度的氡,６０年代加拿大纽芬兰荧石矿矿工吸氡引起高肺癌发病率,从而非铀矿山的辐射防护问题受到了全世界的广泛注意。山东省为我国黄金生产大省,调查研究该省金矿井下氡及其子体水平,积极采取防护措施,保护矿工健康,具有重要意义。本文作者报道了对１５个主要金矿井下环境空气中氡及其子体浓度的调查结果。一、调查方法１－调查单位选择：在黄金主要生产地…     

氡染毒小鼠肺组织let-7a表达的初步研究

氡在衰变过程中,产生的氡子体,既有α辐射,也有β和γ辐射,其中α辐射最为重要.氡及子体已成为仅次于吸烟的第二大肺癌相关的环境和职业致癌因子.     

矿井大气中短寿命氡子体的特征

在一矿井坑道内, 对氧和氡子体浓度, 未结合氡子体份额, 氡和子体间的平衡系数这样一些特征同时做了测量。此外, 根据测量结果, 估算了氧析出率, 气溶胶和墙面氡子体的吸附率。     

室内氡及其子体诱发肺癌的危险

室内氡及其子体诱发肺癌的危险张守志，雷苏文地下矿工的流行病学研究已经证明地下矿工的超额肺癌是由氡及其子体引起［１］，动物实验也确认了氡子体是致癌因子［２］．我国和其他国家都发现某些住宅内具有较高的氡浓度，人们对室内环境氡诱发肺癌的危险越来越关注，关心...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.