北京地区蒙特利尔认知量表的应用研究

目的研究蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）测试结果的分布特征,为制定适合我国国情的筛查分界值标准提供科学的依据。方法通过随机抽样,以北京市≥50岁215例正常人群和66例轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）人群为样本。总结其MoCA测试结果的百分位数值和均值的年龄、性别和受教育程度分布,比较MoCA和简易精神状态量表（MMSE）检测MCI的效度。按MoCA和MMSE建立多元线性回归方程,分析影响测试结果的因素。结果MoCA的分界值≥26分,年龄和受教育程度诸因素均对MoCA得分有显著影响（P〈0．001）。检测MCI的敏感度MoCA为92．4％,显著优于MMSE的24．2％。结论MoCA用于筛查MCI病例优于MMSE。调整的分界值标准有助于早期发现MCI和痴呆病人,减少漏诊。MoCA得分是判断认知功能是否正常的非特异性指标,不能取代临床诊断。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表筛查轻度认知功能障碍分界值的研究

目的研究蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)在筛查轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)中的应用价值,初步探讨MoCA筛查MCI的最佳界值。方法分别采用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)及MoCA评估入组的男性患者153例,根据诊断标准分为对照组69例、MCI组60例、AD组24例。进行2种量表得分的相关性分析,并且计算MoCA筛查MCI患者的敏感性、特异性、Kappa值、约登指数等,并选取最佳分界值。结果与对照组比较,MCI组和AD组MMSE评分和MoCA评分明显降低(P<0.05)。MMSE评分与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.847,P<0.01);以26分为分界值,MoCA诊断MCI的敏感性为98.3%,特异性为85.5%,Kappa值=0.830;绘制ROC曲线得到MoCA筛查MCI的最佳分界值为25分,敏感性为93.3%,特异性为97.1%,Kappa值=0.906。结论本研究人群MMSE评分与MoCA评分有很好的相关性,并且与临床诊断一致性好,推荐25分为该类人群MCI的分界值。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表用于轻度认知功能障碍患者评估的初步研究

目的探讨中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment scale,MoCA)用于轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)评估的可行性。方法选择MCI患者128例(MCI组),另选同期健康体检者101例(对照组)。分别给予MoCA和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评估,并分析评估结果。结果对照组和MCI组MoCA总分与MMSE总分呈正相关(r=0.352,P<0.05;r=0.765,P<0.01);MoCA评分明显低于MMSE评分(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,MCI组MoCA总分及各亚项得分明显降低(P<0.01)。MoCA筛查MCI敏感性为97.66%,特异性为95.05%,MMSE筛查MCI敏感性为32.03%,特异性为100%。结论 MCI患者及健康体检人群MoCA总分与MMSE总分相关;MoCA用于MCI筛查时敏感性优于MMSE。     

Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: Validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Aim: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), developed by Dr Nasreddine (Nasreddine et al. 2005), is a brief cognitive screening tool for detecting older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We examined the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the MoCA (MoCA‐J) in older Japanese subjects. Methods: Subjects were recruited from the outpatient memory clinic of Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital or community‐based medical health check‐ups in 2008. The MoCA‐J, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS‐R), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and routine neuropsychological batteries were conducted on 96 older subjects. Mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) was found in 30 subjects and MCI in 30, with 36 normal controls. Results: The Cronbach's alpha of MoCA‐J as an index of internal consistency was 0.74. The test–retest reliability of MoCA, using intraclass correlation coefficient between the scores at baseline survey and follow‐up survey 8 weeks later was 0.88 (P < 0.001). MoCA‐J score was highly correlated with MMSE (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), HDS‐R (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) and CDR (r = ?0.79, P < 0.001) scores. The areas under receiver–operator curves (AUC) for predicting MCI and AD groups by the MoCA‐J were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90–1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.00–1.00), respectively. The corresponding values for MMSE and HDS‐R were 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75–0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.00–1.00), and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.76–0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.00–1.00), respectively. Using a cut‐off point of 25/26, the MoCA‐J demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.0% and a specificity of 87.0% in screening MCI. Conclusion: The MoCA‐J could be a useful cognitive test for screening MCI, and could be recommended in a primary clinical setting and for geriatric health screening in the community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10: 225–232.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在帕金森病认知功能损害筛查中的应用

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)在帕金森病(PD)患者认知功能损害筛查中的应用。方法选取1 29例年龄≥60岁的PD患者,根据认知功能将其分为正常组(60例)、轻度认知功能障碍(MCI,37例)组和PD痴呆(PDD,32例)组,采用MoCA和MMSE对患者进行评估和分析。结果 3组MoCA得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与正常组比较,MCI组和PDD组患者在画立方体、复述、1 mm动物数、抽象能力、延迟回忆得分较低(P<0.01);与PDD组比较,正常组和MCI组患者在命名、数字广度和定向力得分较高(P<0.05)。此外,受试者ROC曲线结果显示,MMSE诊断MCI的曲线下面积为0.803;MoCA诊断MCI的曲线下面积为0.947。MMSE诊断PDD的曲线下面积为0.952;MoCA诊断PDD的曲线下面积为0.990。结论 MoCA可作为有效的PD患者认知功能损害的筛查工具,且随着PD患者病情的进展,MoCA得分逐渐降低。MoCA筛查MCI的最佳界值为≤23分,且MoCA在筛查PD患者MCI方面的敏感性较MMSE高。     

Montreal Cognitive Assessment Performance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease with "Normal" Global Cognition According to Mini-Mental State Examination Score

OBJECTIVES: To examine Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with "normal" global cognition according to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparison of the MoCA and the MMSE.
SETTING: Two movement disorders centers at the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 131 patients with idiopathic PD who were screened for cognitive and psychiatric complications.
MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were administered the MoCA and MMSE, and only subjects defined as having a normal age- and education-adjusted MMSE score were included in the analyses (N=100). As previously recommended in patients without PD, a MoCA score less than 26 was used to indicate the presence of at least mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
RESULTS: Mean MMSE and MoCA scores±standard deviation were 28.8±1.1 and 24.9±3.1, respectively. More than half (52.0%) of subjects with normal MMSE scores had cognitive impairment according to their MoCA score. Impairments were seen in numerous cognitive domains, including memory, visuospatial and executive abilities, attention, and language. Predictors of cognitive impairment on the MoCA using univariate analyses were male sex, older age, lower educational level, and greater disease severity; older age was the only predictor in a multivariate model.
CONCLUSION: Approximately half of patients with PD with a normal MMSE score have cognitive impairment based on the recommended MoCA cutoff score. These results suggest that MCI is common in PD and that the MoCA is a more sensitive instrument than the MMSE for its detection.     

蒙特利尔量表对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者认知功能的评估

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者认知功能的改变,并探讨蒙特利尔（MoCA）量表和简明智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）在评估认知功能方面的差异。方法分别采用MoCA、MMSE量表评估41例COPD患者和47例对照者认知功能的改变,并对2组MoCA、MMSE量表测量结果的特异度、灵敏度及一致性进行分析,进一步比较2种量表评估COPD伴轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者认知能力的差异。结果 COPD组MoCA总评分、MMSE总评分分别为（19.2±8.1）分及（22.6±8.4）分,低于对照组的（23.5±4.8）分及（26.9±5.0）分,在COPD人群中,MoCA量表诊断MCI的灵敏度为100%,特异度为76.9%,Kappa值为0.769;MMSE量表诊断MCI的灵敏度为53.8%,特异度为100%,Kappa值为0.538,MoCA量表对MCI的诊断效力明显高于MMSE。结论COPD患者存在认知功能损害,表现在记忆、注意力、计算、定向、语言等多个领域的认知障碍,MoCA和MMSE联合应用有利于早期发现COPD患者的认知功能障碍,对于MCI患者,MoCA较MMSE量表更为灵敏。     

海南版简易智能状态检查量表和蒙特利尔认知评估量表界值划分的初步研究

目的初步探讨中文海南版(琼北闽语版)简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分在本地人群认知筛查中的可行性及界值的划分。方法选取2019年1~9月海口市养老院和海南省人民医院门诊及住院的本地被试者217例,根据临床诊断分为正常组45例,轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)组54例,轻度痴呆组62例,中度以上痴呆组56例,同时进行MMSE及MoCA评分评估,进行两种量表评分相关性及界值。结果与正常组比较,MCI组、轻度痴呆组和中度以上痴呆组MMSE及MoCA评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常组、MCI组、轻度痴呆组和中度以上痴呆组MMSE评分明显高于MoCA评分(P<0.01)。Person相关分析显示,MMSE评分与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.940,P<0.01)。MCI组、轻度痴呆组和中度以上痴呆组ROC曲线界值为:MCI组MMSE评分低于27分,MoCA评分低于22分;轻度痴呆组MMSE评分低于23分,MoCA评分低于16分;中度以上痴呆组MMSE评分低于15分,MoCA评分低于11分。结论海南版(琼北闽语版)MMSE与MoCA评分有较好的一致性,联合应用对认知障碍及痴呆患者有较好的筛查应用价值。     

Comparison of cognitive performance in mild cognitive impairment and dementia patients with that in normal children and adults

Background: It is well known that there is rapid cognitive development in childhood and cognitive decline during aging, but the volume of these changes using the same clinical tool is not well documented in the literature. The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the cognitive performance of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia patients with that of children, adolescents and adults, using a worldwide screening tool, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and considering the age, educational level and mental status of the participants. Methods: Our sample included 1364 Greek participants and consisted of normal children, adolescents, adults and non‐demented, MCI and demented elderly participants. Results: The variables of age, education and mental status influenced the participant's performance in the MMSE, but sex did not. The smallest variance of the MMSE score was found in 16–18‐year‐old adolescents, a big variance was found in 7–8‐year‐old children, while the biggest was in 71–90‐year‐olds. Alzheimer's disease (AD) participants performed poorer than the 7–8 years old children, though MCI participants showed similar cognitive performance to that age‐group. The participants with 7–9 years of schooling and those with more than 9 years had no significant difference in their MMSE performance. Conclusion: Comparing cognitive performance between subgroups, our results indicated that MCI patients have a similar cognitive performance to that of 7–8‐year‐old children and AD patients' a poorer one than that group. The significant years of cognitive decline in aging are the 56^th year, the 66 quinquennium, and the 7^th and 8^th decades. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 336–344.     

Chinese herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment using mini-mental state examination: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction:The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population aged 60 to 84 years ranges from 6.7% to 25.2%, and the effective prevention and reversal of MCI progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used screening tool in Chinese outpatient clinics, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to allow useful stratification from average to abnormal with adequate consideration of age and education.Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of Chinese herbs on MMSE scores in MCI patients and discuss the effectiveness of Chinese herbs through pharmacology.Methods:Three English databases and 4 Chinese databases we have searched, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane tool. Statistics will be used for heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, data synthesis, funnel plot generation and subgroup analysis. If sufficiently homogeneous studies are found, a Meta-analysis will be performed, with subgroups describing any differences.Results:A total of 21 studies were included, 4 studies were placebo-controlled, 14 Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) were compared with other cognitive improvements, 3 CHMs were combined with other medications, and the results of 17 studies favored the herbal group.Conclusion:The results indicate that herbal medicine can improve MMSE scores, and herbal medicine combined with other drugs that can improve cognition can significantly improve MMSE scores, but there are methodological flaws in the study. Experimental studies have found a basis for the ability of herbs to improve cognition and memory impairment, and herbal medicine has great potential to improve MCI cognition. Keywords mild cognitive impairment, herbal medicine, MMSE, systematic evaluation, meta-analysis. PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews protocol registration number: CRD42020202368     

The delayed word recall task using ADAS-Jcog word booklet effectively divides patients with mild cognitive impairment from normal elderly people

AIM: A new screening test for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with higher sensitivity that can easily be administered at the bedside is necessary. In this study, we proposed the delayed recall task using the word booklet of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component-Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog) and compared the score of the task in patients with MCI with that of cognitive normal elderly (NE) and patients with AD. METHODS: Thirty six patients with MCI, 13 very mild AD, 104 mild AD, 13 moderate AD, and age- and education-matched 19 NE, recruited from the memory clinic of Nagoya University Hospital, were evaluated by the ADAS-Jcog word recall task which consisted of immediate recall (IR), a classical method on ADAS-Jcog, and delayed recall (DR) that has been newly introduced. RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with MCI were significantly impaired on both IR and DR. On the other hand, DR is more sensitive than IR for distinguishing MCI from NE. The highest sensitivity (94.4%) and specificity (68.4%) were achieved when the results of IR were combined with those of DR. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that the delayed word recall task using the word booklet of ADAS-Jcog may be a useful tool as a screening method for the detection of MCI.     

老年性痴呆和轻度认知障碍患者时间地点定向力受损情况探讨

目的:了解老年性痴呆(AD)患者和轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的时间地点定向力的受损情况。方法:收集51例AD患者、9例MCI患者和26例正常老人,进行MMSE检查,针对MMSE的总分和时间地点定向10个分项进行分析。结果:MCI组和对照组之间时间定向分、地点定向分、定向力总分无显著差异。MCI患者和轻度AD的时间定向分有显著性差异。轻度与中度AD之间比较,年份、月份、星期、街道和楼层这几个分项的回答正确率有差异。中度与重度AD之间比较,季度、省市、区、街道层、所在地这几个分项的回答正确率有显著差异。结论:随着认知障碍的进展AD和MCI患者的定向力受损也是逐渐加重。在早期认知减退的情况下,个体的时间定向力受损会较地点定向力更为明显。对于认知下降的患者,时间定向力是一个敏感的指标。随着病情的进展,患者的地点定向受损越来越明显。未发现某些分项较其他分项更为敏感。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍诊断中的价值

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍诊断中的价值. 方法 采用简明精神状态量表(MMSE)对徐州市532名60岁以上的社区老年人进行认知功能检查,在MMSE评分为轻度认知功能障碍及正常的456名老年人中随机抽取69名老年人进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)检查,并对MoCA量表的敏感度、特异度及与MMSE量表测量结果的一致性进行分析.结果 69名老年人均完成认知功能评估,按MMSE量表评判标准有轻度认知功能障碍19名(27.5%),认知功能正常50名(72.5%);按MoCA量表评判标准有轻度认知功能障碍58名(84.1%),认知功能正常11名(15.9%),两种量表的一致性较低,Kappa值为0.09.与MMSE量表相比,MoCA量表的灵敏度为94.7%,特异度为20.1%. 结论 在轻度认知功能障碍的诊断上MoCA量表较MMSE量表更灵敏.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表用于帕金森病认知评估的可行性研究

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)中文北京版用于帕金森病(PD)认知评估的可行性。方法分别用MoCA和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)对78例PD患者进行认知功能评估,分析评估结果。结果 PD患者MoCA与MMSE评分分别为(23.7±3.8)分和(27.7±2.3)分,MoCA评分明显低于MMSE,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,MoCA与MMSE总分显著相关(r=0.89,P0.05)。在MMSE评定认知功能正常的患者中有50.7%MoCA评定有认知障碍。19例MMSE评分为30分患者的平均MoCA评分为(27.1±1.63)分,其中18例MoCA评分30分。MoCA延迟回忆下降发生率明显高于MMSE记忆和回忆能力下降发生率。结论 MoCA与MMSE总分上有较好的相关性,MoCA用作PD认知筛查时敏感性高于MMSE,较MMSE更适合用于PD患者的认知障碍筛查。     

Validity of the telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS) and modified TICS (TICSm) for mild cognitive imparment (MCI) and dementia screening

This study aimed to validate the TICS and modified TICS (TICSm) in Korean elderly population and to compare MCI and dementia screening ability between TICS and TICSm. TICS and TICSm were administered to 70 cognitively normal (CN), 75 MCI, and 85 dementia subjects, with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and other cognitive and functional measures. TICS and TICSm scores were highly correlated with other global cognitive and functional scores. The CN vs. dementia discrimination ability of both instruments was as excellent as that of MMSE (sensitivity/specificity at optimal cutoff: 87.1/90.1 for TICS; 88.2/90.0 for TICSm). Although their CN vs. MCI discrimination performances were comparable to that of MMSE, they were far from perfect (sensitivity/specificity: 69.3/68.6 for TICS; 73.3/67.1 for TICSm). There was no significant difference in dementia or MCI screening accuracy between TICS and TICSm. Both of them also showed high test-retest reliability. Our findings indicate that TICS and TICSm are reliable and as valid as MMSE in regard of screening cognitively impaired elderly. In terms of the comparison between TICSm and TICS, however, TICSm has little advantage over TICS for screening dementia and even MCI, in spite of longer administration time and more efforts required.     

轻度认知障碍患者认知功能与事件相关电位N400的临床研究

目的探讨轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者的认知功能状况与N400表现。方法选择MCI患者20例(MCI组),健康体检者23例(对照组)。使用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对所有受试者进行评定,并做N400检测,分析它们之间的相关性及对MCI的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,除MoCA语言项外,MCI组MMSE、MoCA评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);N400潜伏期延长,其中Fz、Pz匹配和非匹配刺激潜伏期,C3、C4非匹配刺激潜伏期,Pz、C4匹配刺激波幅的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。N400潜伏期与MMSE总分、MoCA总分呈负相关,N400波幅与MMSE总分、MoCA总分呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 MCI患者存在N400的异常及认知功能的损害,N400对MCI的诊断具有辅助价值。     

MoCA指数对老年人群轻度认知障碍诊断效力的研究

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA）认知域指数得分（cognitive domain index score,CDIS）对老年人群轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）的诊断效力。 方法选择2009年5月至2015年7月在江苏省老年医学研究所就诊的老年人152例,其中认知正常者94例（正常对照组）,轻度认知障碍者58例（MCI组;混合型35例,遗忘型23例）。按照CDIS的评分方法计算MoCA记忆指数（MoCA MIS）、执行力指数（MoCA EIS）、视空间能力指数（MoCA VIS）、语言能力指数（MoCA LIS）、注意力指数（MoCA AIS）、定向力指数（MoCA OISA）,比较两组对象的MoCA总分及各个指数评分,并绘制ROC曲线,通过计算ROC曲线下面积的方法观察不同指数量表方法对MCI诊断的敏感性、特异性的差异。两组间计量资料的比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料的边角采用χ²检验;采用ROC曲线下面积观察不同指数量表对MCI诊断的敏感性及特异性。 结果正常组MoCA总分、视空间、命名、注意、计算、语言、抽象、延迟记忆、定向及MoCA MIS、MoCA EIS、MoCA VIS、MoCA LIS、MoCA AIS、MoCA OISA评分分别为27.0±1.9、4.4±0.9、3.0±0.2、2.9±0.3、2.8±0.5、2.1±0.8、1.8±0.4、4.0±0.9、5.9±0.4、13.5±2.0、12.1±1.1、6.6±0.7、5.0±0.8、15.4±1.9、5.9±0.4,MCI组分别为22.2±3.1、3.5±1.3、2.8±0.5、2.7±0.6、2.7±0.6、1.8±0.7、1.7±0.6、1.3±0.3、5.4±0.9、7.8±3.4、10.9±1.7、5.9±1.1、4.6±0.9、13.5±2.8、5.4±0.9,混合型MCI者分别为20.8±2.8、2.8±1.0、2.7±0.5、2.5±0.6、2.6±0.7、1.7±0.8、1.6±0.7、1.2±1.2、5.2±1.0、7.7±3.2、10.0±1.4、5.4±1.1、4.5±1.0、12.4±2.8、5.2±1.0。MCI组与正常对照组间除计算、语言项评分差异无统计学意义外,MoCA总分、各分项评分、各指数的差异均有统计学意义（t=10.709、4.508、2.639、3.256、1.991、13.845、3.380、11.626、5.002、4.299、2.962、4.500、3.380,P<0.05或0.01）;混合型MCI患者与正常对照组比较,MoCA总分、各分项评分、各指数的差异均有统计学意义（t=12.263、8.291、2.303、3.548、2.132、2.357、2.066、12.336、3.668、10.104、8.309、5.753、3.133、5.898、3.668,P<0.05或0.01）。MoCA MIS对MCI的诊断效力与MoCA总分相当,AUC的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,其余各个指数的AUC均明显小于MoCA总分/MoCA MIS。MoCA总分在25分时,灵敏度达88.3%,特异度达到84.5%;MoCA MIS取11分为界值时,灵敏度达到91.5%,特异度达89.7%,均略高于MoCA总分。 结论MoCA指数可以很好的反映患者相关认知域受损情况,对临床有很好的指示作用。     

It's all about cognitive trajectory: Accuracy of the cognitive charts–MoCA in normal aging,MCI, and dementia

Background

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is an established cognitive screening tool in older adults. It remains unclear, however, how to interpret its scores over time and distinguish age-associated cognitive decline (AACD) from early neurodegeneration. We aimed to create cognitive charts using the MoCA for longitudinal evaluation of AACD in clinical practice.

Methods

We analyzed data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (9684 participants aged 60 years or older) who completed the MoCA at baseline. We developed a linear regression model for the MoCA score as a function of age and education. Based on this model, we generated the Cognitive Charts-MoCA designed to optimize accuracy for distinguishing participants with MCI and dementia from healthy controls. We validated our model using two separate data sets.

Results

For longitudinal evaluation of the Cognitive Charts-MoCA, sensitivity (SE) was 89%, 95% confidence interval (CI): [86%, 92%] and specificity (SP) 79%, 95% CI: [77%, 81%], hence showing better performance than fixed cutoffs of MoCA (SE 82%, 95% CI: [79%, 85%], SP 68%, 95% CI: [67%, 70%]). For current cognitive status or baseline measurement, the Cognitive Charts-MoCA had a SE of 81%, 95% CI: [79%, 82%], SP of 84%, 95% CI: [83%, 85%] in distinguishing healthy controls from mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Results in two additional validation samples were comparable.

Conclusions

The Cognitive Charts-MoCA showed high validity and diagnostic accuracy for determining whether older individuals show abnormal performance on serial MoCAs. This innovative model allows longitudinal cognitive evaluation and enables prompt initiation of investigation and treatment when appropriate.     

画钟试验和画钟时长在轻度认知功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的探讨画钟试验和画钟时长在轻度认知功能障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）诊断中的应用价值。 方法选取2015年12月至2016年12月就诊于浙江医院进行认知功能评估调查的104例MCI患者（MCI组）和188例健康老年人（对照组）,均行简易神经心理量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）和画钟试验评估。比较两组对象画钟试验得分以及各组中得分满分者画钟时长的差异,并分析画钟试验诊断MCI的敏感性和特异性。 结果两组对象MMSE得分的差异无统计学意义（t=1.907,P>0.05）。MCI组画钟试验得分显著低于对照组（t=3.190,P<0.01）。对照组画钟试验不同得分分布情况明显优于MCI组（z=8.171,P<0.01）。MCI组画钟时长显著长于对照组（t=2.941,P<0.01）。以画钟试验得分≤3分进行MCI诊断的敏感度为38.46%,特异度为76.60%;以得分≤4分进行诊断的敏感度为52.88%,特异度为61.70%。 结论画钟试验一定程度上有助于鉴别诊断MCI和健康人群,而且MCI患者画钟时长明显长于健康人群。     

高原地区藏、汉族轻度认知障碍与阿尔茨海默病病人血清氧化低密度脂蛋白和髓过氧化物酶的水平

目的通过对高原地区藏、汉族轻度认知障碍(MCI)与AD病人血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量的分析,探索低氧环境下其与不同民族间MCI和AD发病的关系。方法选取青海省西宁地区藏、汉族的MCI和AD病人以及健康对照人群(NC)各30例。对所有入组者进行一般信息调查,采用MMSE量表评估认知功能,采用ELISA法检测血清oxLDL和MPO水平。oxLDL、MPO水平与MMSE评分的关系采用Spearman相关分析。采用多因素Logistic回归分析藏、汉族MCI和AD的主要危险因素。结果两民族NC组间比较,汉族oxLDL水平显著低于藏族(P<0.05);两民族AD组间比较,汉族oxLDL水平显著低于藏族(P<0.01)。藏族中,MCI组和NC组的oxLDL水平较AD组显著降低(P<0.01),MCI组MPO水平显著低于AD组(P<0.01);汉族中,NC组MPO水平显著低于AD组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,汉族oxLDL水平与MMSE评分呈负相关(r=-0.737,P<0.001);藏族oxLDL和MPO水平均与MMSE评分呈负相关(r=-0.794,P<0.001;r=-0.742,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,oxLDL水平升高是两民族发生MCI和AD的独立危险因素;MPO水平升高是藏族发生MCI和AD的独立危险因素。结论高原地区藏、汉族的认知功能与血清oxLDL和MPO水平有关。联合检测两个指标有助于筛选高危人群。