胸腺肽α1治疗肝衰竭早期患者Thl与Th2细胞因子水平变化

目的 观察肝衰竭早期患者应用胸腺肽αl治疗前后患者外周血Th1与Th2细胞因子水平.方法 选择慢加亚急性肝衰竭早期患者64例分为治疗组30例及对照组34例,分别在治疗前以及治疗结束后7天抽取静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测外周血清IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10细胞因子水平.结果 治疗组前后以及治疗后两组Th1与Th2类细胞因子水平比较,Th1类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ含量明显增高,Th2类细胞因子IL-4和IL-10含量明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);对照组治疗前后Th1与Th2细胞因子水平比较,二者无明显差异;治疗组在黄疸消退,临床症状改善,低合并感染率等方面均优于对照组.结论 胸腺肽α1应用可以调整Th1与Th2细胞因子水平,并与临床症状改善正向相关,为肝衰竭的临床治疗提供了免疫学基础.     

乌司他丁对急性肺损伤患者Th1/Th2细胞因子比率变化的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁对急性肺损伤患者Th1/Th2细胞因子比率变化的影响。方法选择急性肺损伤患者60例,随机分为常规组和乌司他丁组,每组30例,同时选择健康体检者30例为对照组。所有患者进行ApacheⅡ评分、PO2/FiO2监测,用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ)和Th2类细胞因子(IL-4)水平。结果与对照组比较,常规组和乌司他丁组血清IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-4明显升高(P<0.05),而IL-4水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与常规组治疗后比较,乌司他丁组治疗后患者血清IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-4明显下降(P<0.05),IL-4水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性肺损伤患者Th1/Th2类细胞因子失衡,乌司他丁可以调节炎性细胞因子的释放,恢复Th1/Th2类细胞因子的平衡,发挥肺保护作用。     

卡铂联合紫杉醇对宫颈癌患者Th1/Th2 类细胞因子的 影响及疗效分析

目的　探讨卡铂联合紫杉醇对宫颈癌患者Th1/Th2 类细胞因子的影响及疗效分析。方法　选取我院收治的宫颈\r\n癌患者190 例,随机分为两组,对照组应用放疗治疗,观察组应用放疗联合卡铂+ 紫杉醇化疗。观察并对比两组患者的临床\r\n疗效、不良反应、治疗前后外周血Th1 类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α 及Th2 类细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10 水平、血清\r\nSCC-Ag 及CYFRA21-1 水平。结果　观察组疗效显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、肾功能损伤及肝\r\n功能损伤等不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,观察组Th1 类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α 水平\r\n显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Th2 类细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10 水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1\r\n水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　应用放疗联合卡铂+ 紫杉醇化疗治疗宫颈癌患者,可显著提高临床疗效,改善Th1/\r\nTh2 类细胞因子表达水平,且不会额外增加严重毒副反应,值得临床推广应用。     

Th1/Th2型细胞因子与原因不明复发性流产的相关性研究

目的探讨Th1/Th2型细胞因子与原因不明复发性流产(URSA)发病及发病时间、次数的相关性。方法治疗组为150例URSA患者,给予主动免疫疗法治疗。对照组为100例正常早期妊娠要求人工流产妇女。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测治疗组治疗前后及对照组外周血清中IFN-γ、IL-4水平及IFN-γ/IL-4比值。结果治疗组治疗前IFN-γ、IL-4水平与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后IL-4、IFN-γ水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后较治疗前IL-4水平升高,IFN-γ水平下降显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。URSA妇女反复流产次数与IFN-γ/IL-4水平无关(P>0.05),流产时间与IFN-γ/IL-4水平有关(P<0.05)。结论正常妊娠表现为一种特殊的Th2现象,当Th1型细胞因子过度表达,Th2型细胞因子处于抑制状态时,将导致流产的发生。     

1型糖尿病并发血管病变患者Th1/Th2细胞亚群的研究

目的探讨1型糖尿病并发血管病变患者体内Th1/Th2细胞亚群的变化。方法用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测了15例1型糖尿病合并有下肢血管病变患者血清中Th1型细胞亚群分泌的细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α和Th2型细胞亚群分泌的细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的水平变化,20例无糖尿病早期合并症患者和20例健康志愿者做为对照组。结果1型糖尿病患者血清中Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的水平明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;糖尿病并发血管病组Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α显著高于单纯糖尿病组（P〈0.05）,而Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的水平明显低于单纯糖尿病组（P〈0.05）。结论当1型糖尿病并发血管病变时,患者体内Th1/Th2细胞亚群发生了Th2-Th1的漂移改变。     

川芎嗪对哮喘患儿外周血Th1/Th2平衡的调节作用

目的观察川芎嗪对哮喘患儿外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法选择80例哮喘急性发作期患儿,随机分为川芎嗪组和对照组。川芎嗪组在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用川芎嗪治疗10d。应用抗体夹心ELISA法检测两组患者治疗前后培养上清单个核细胞（PBMC）中白介素-4（IL-4）和γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）含量的变化。结果川芎嗪组患儿治疗后培养上清PBMC中IL-4水平较治疗前明显下降,IFN-γ水平明显上升（均P〈0.01）。而对照组治疗前后IL-4和IFN-γ水平比较无统计学差异（均P〉0.05）。川芎嗪组的临床显效率和有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论川芎嗪治疗哮喘的临床疗效确切,其作用机制与纠正Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡,使免疫反应由Th2型向Th1型逆转有关。     

Th1及Th2型细胞因子与系统性红斑狼疮的相关研究

目的探讨Th1/Th2型细胞因子失衡与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发生及进展的关系。方法收集100例SLE患者(非活动组患者37例,活动组患者63例)及30名健康者。流式细胞仪微球捕获芯片技术(CBA)检测血清Th1及Th2型细胞因子血清白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α及干扰素(IFN)-γ水平。结果 (1)SLE患者组血清IL-4、IL-6及IL-10水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05);IL-2、TNF-α及IFN-γ与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)相关性分析显示:IL-4和IL-6与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)呈正相关,IL-2和IFN-γ与SLEDAI呈负相关,尚不能认为TNF-α及IL-10与SLEDAI有相关性。结论SLE的发生发展与细胞因子紊乱,Th2相关细胞因子占优势有关。     

川芎嗪对妊娠高血压综合征患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节作用

目的 观察川芎嗪对妊娠高血压综合征(PIH)患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节作用.方法 选择50例轻中度PIH患者,予以川芎嗪120mg静滴10天(川芎嗪治疗组),另取正常妊娠对照组50例.双抗体夹心ELISA法检测川芎嗪治疗组治疗前后患者培养上清单个核细胞(PBMC)中白介素-4(IL-4)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)含量的变化,正常妊娠对照组只测定1次.结果 与正常妊娠对照组相比较,川芎嗪治疗组患者外周血培养上清PBMC中IL-4水平下降,而IFN-γ水平上升(均P＜0.05).经过川芎嗪治疗10天后,患者外周血培养上清PBMC中IL-4水平上升,而IFN-?水平下降(均P＜0.05).结论 PIH患者存在Th1/Th2细胞因子的比例失衡.川芎嗪治疗PIH作用机制可能是通过增强Th2介导的细胞免疫,抑制Th1介导的体液免疫,纠正Th1/Th2细胞因子比例失衡.     

匹多莫德和脾氨肽对反复呼吸道感染患儿的临床症状及Th1/Th2细胞因子影响的比较

目的比较匹多莫德和脾氨肽对反复呼吸道感染(RRI)患儿的临床症状及Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法 RRI患儿86例随机分为对照组和治疗组,在常规治疗基础上,分别给予脾氨肽和匹多莫德治疗,疗程均为3个月。比较两组患儿治疗前后上清液单核细胞的IL-4、IFN-γ水平,治疗期间难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)次数和临床症状(发热、咳嗽、扁桃体肿大和肺内啰音)持续时间以及治疗结束时的临床疗效。结果与对照组比较,治疗组患儿治疗期间MPP次数显著降低(P<0.01),临床症状持续时间显著缩短(P<0.01),临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,治疗后两组患儿的的IL-4、IFN-γ水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论匹多莫德治疗反复呼吸道感染患儿疗效优于脾氨肽,可能与调节Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡有关。     

川芎嗪对哮喘患儿外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节作用

目的 观察川芎嗪对哮喘患儿外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法 选择40例哮喘急性发作期患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。两组均给予常规剂量的糖皮质激素吸入治疗,必要时给予支气管扩张药治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用川芎嗪注射液,3～5 mg&#8226;kg-1&#8226;d-1加入5%葡萄糖注射液或5%葡萄糖氯化钠溶液中分2次静脉滴注,连用1周。双抗体夹心ELISA法检测两组患者治疗前后培养上清单核细胞（PBMC）中白介素-4（IL-4）和γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）含量的变化。 结果 治疗组治疗后培养上清PBMC中IL-4水平较治疗前明显下降,IFN-γ水平明显上升（均P＜0.01）。对照组治疗前后IL-4和IFN-γ水平差异无显著性。治疗组临床有效率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 川芎嗪治疗哮喘的临床疗效确切,其作用可能是通过增强Th1介导的细胞免疫抑制Th2介导的体液免疫,纠正Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡。     

Th_1/Th_2状态与肿瘤

Th1和Th2细胞是CD4^ 辅助T细胞(Th)的两个功能亚群，分别主导机体的细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。机体Th1／Th2平衡状况失调，可导致肿瘤的发生、细菌病毒感染，并与自身免疫病、变态反应性疾病和移植排斥反应等有关。本文将近年来有关Th1／Th2状态与肿瘤关系的研究综述如下。     

Modulation of Th1 and Th2 responses for immunotherapy

Novel therapeutic agents that differentially modulate immune responses are needed to boost protective immunity against infections and neoplasms and conversely, to suppress inappropriate immune reactions responsible for allergic and autoimmune disorders and the rejection of transplanted organs. One major concept that has guided the search for such agents asserts the existence of at least two types of CD4+ helper T-cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, that differ in their pattern of cytokine production and govern different arms of the immune response. Th1 cells produce IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-β and are involved in cell-mediated immune responses that are beneficial in host-defence against intracellular pathogens and malignant cells, but detrimental in mediating autoimmunity. Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13, which augment antibody responses, including IgE production, and protect against helminth infestations but also cause allergy and asthma. Moreover, Th1 and Th2 responses are mutually antagonistic, such that they normally exist in equilibrium and cross-regulate each other. Alterations of this equilibrium are thought to underlie the etiopathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases. By selectively targeting either one of these two types of polarised responses, it may therefore, be possible to achieve desired therapeutic effects without broad alterations of the immune system. The various strategies proposed in the patent literature of the last three years to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance are reviewed here. These include procedures that affect the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells, their production of effector cytokines and the activity of these cytokines. A profusion of new molecular targets for pharmacologic development has been identified and some attempts at therapeutic manipulation of Th1 and Th2 responses in clinical trials have been encouraging, while others have been disappointing. The emerging notion that Th1 and Th2 responses are themselves controlled by another category of T-cells, called regulatory T-cells, has offered further opportunities for immunotherapeutic intervention in autoimmunity and allergy.     

Regulation of angiogenesis by Th1- and Th2-type cytokines

Angiogenesis is a complex process, where several cell types and mediators interact to establish a specific microenvironment suitable for the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. Such biological processes occur in several physiological conditions, such as embryo development and wound healing, as well as in pathological conditions, including tumours and diabetic retinopathy. T lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes fully participate in the angiogenic process by secreting cytokines that may control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, their survival and apoptosis, as well as their migration and activation. Angiogenesis is the result of a net balance between the activities exerted by positive and negative regulators. This balance is conceptually very similar to that of the Th1/Th2 cells that modulate an appropriate and specific immune response. Th1 or Th2 cytokines may control angiogenesis directly, by acting on cell growth and differentiation, indirectly by inducing the release of other cytokines in the microenvironment, and by modulating the expression of specific receptors, involved in the control of angiogenic processes, such as EC proliferation and migration. In this review we will mainly discuss the role of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in the angiogenic process, emphasizing the complexity of the cytokine and leukocyte/EC network, and highlighting the care that needs to be taken when designing new therapeutic interventions involving Th1 and Th2 cytokines.     

Th1/Th2免疫细胞变化与子痫前期的相关性

目的 研究子痫前期患者Th1(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)和Th2(interleukin-4,IL-4)型细胞免疫反应的变化,探讨这些变化在子痫前期患者发病中的作用与意义.方法 选取42例子痫前期患者(A组),采用ELISA及定量PCR方法 分别在蛋白质和mRNA水平检测其外周血中Th1和Th2型细胞的表达.同时选取同期正常妊娠妇女20例作为对照(B组).结果 A组患者血清Th1浓度明显高于B组(P<0.05),而Th2显著减少.IFN-γ和IL-4 mRNA表达水平与蛋白质水平相一致.Th1(IFN-γ)型细胞比例升高与平均动脉压以及尿蛋白的临床参数呈正相关.结论 子痫前期患者外周血中Th1型细胞的表达水平显著增加,而Th2型细胞的表达水平明显减少,导致Th1/Th2型细胞平衡紊乱,参与了子痫前期的病理进程.     

Th(1)/Th(2) responses to drugs

T lymphocytes can be characterized by their pattern of cytokine secretion and be divided into type I (Th(l)/Tc(l)) and type 2 (Th(2)/Tc(2)) subsets. The involvement of type-1 or type 2-like responses in sensitization has been studied in the mouse, with reference contact and respiratory contact sensitizers. One interesting feature with certain drugs, such as beta-lactam antibiotics, is the diversity of clinical manifestations associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in humans: immediate reactions such as urticaria, Quincke oedema and anaphylactic shock, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, such as maculopapular rashes, allergic contact dermatitis and skin reactions of other types. In the mouse, Th(1) and Th(2) cytokines have been shown to regulate primary and secondary benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO-) specific antibody responses. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with a clear history of beta-lactam allergy were assessed for type-1 and type-2 phenotypes. Immediate reactions involved mixed Th(1), Tc(1), and Tc(2) responses, whereas allergic contact dermatitis involved Tc(1) and Th(1) cells. Other delayed hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactams were restricted to Th(1) responses. It has been demonstrated that both CD4(+) and CD8(+)-lidocaine-specific T cell clones isolated from patients with allergic contact dermatitis produced IFN-gamma, even though CD8(+) clones only produce IFN-gamma, while IFN-gamma producing CD4(+) cells concomitantly produced IL-5 and IL-4. Together these data illustrate the heterogeneity of drug-specific T-cell responses.     

类风湿关节炎患者Th1、Th17细胞的表达

目的 分析类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血和关节滑液中Th极化细胞(Th1、Th17细胞)的表达.方法 流式细胞技术测定RA患者外周血、关节滑液中CD4T细胞上 IFN-γ~+ IL-17~- (Th1)、IL-17~1 IFN-γ(Th17)的表达,并与健康人比较,分析疾病活动指数(DAS28)和Th极化细胞表达量、Th1/Th17比值之间的关系.结果 RA患者关节滑液Th1、Th17细胞的平均百分比与RA外周血、健康人外周血比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).RA患者关节滑液中Th1细胞、Th1/Th17细胞比值与DAS28指数呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 在RA疾病部位关节液中是Th1细胞占优势,IL-Th1细胞的表达与疾病活动性密切相关.