山东省哮喘病患病率及流行病学特征

用随机分层整群抽样、回顾性询问填表法对山东９８４１３１名城乡人群进行了哮喘患病率及流行病学特征的调查研究。共查出哮喘病人５８２１例，患病率为０．５９％（标化患病率为０．６０％），０～１４岁儿童的患病率为０．８０％（标化患病率为０．８６％），显著高于成人的０．４９％。男孩患病率（０．９１％）显著高于女孩（０．６９％），成人则女性（０．５１％）显著高于男性（０．４７％）。＜３岁组的患病率为１．１５％，０～３岁内患病率随年龄增长而升高，３岁后则随年龄增长而降低。山东省大部分属哮喘病低发地区，仅临沂、泰安等地属中发地区。哮喘患病率不论成人或儿童均农村高于城市，丘陵山区＞内陆平原＞沿海地区。调查表明哮喘病患病率的差异与地理环境、经济状况及医疗条件有关。     

承德地区人群支气管哮喘患病率及过敏原调查

为了解承德地区支气管哮喘发病情况,对承德地区部分县区１２０万人群中支气管哮喘患者率及过敏原进行了调查。结果：总患病率为０．７５３％,成人患病率０．７８７％,男性占０．５２１％,女性１．２５７％,１５岁以下儿童０．３９７％,儿童低于成本,女性高于男性。过敏原以屋尘、棉絮、多价霉菌居首位,分别为５５％、５０％和５４％。     

青岛与济南地区纺织职工慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘患病因素的探讨

通过对青岛与济南地区纺织企业在职职工１１７８３１人中慢性支气管炎（简称慢支）、支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）流行病学调查，结果表明患慢支者２５７人，平均患病率０．２２％，其中青岛地区１６２人，平均患病率０．２５％；济南地区９５人，平均患病率０．１９％。患哮喘者４７５人，平均患病率０．４０％，其中青岛地区３２４人，平均患病率０．４９％；济南地区１５１人，平均患病率０．２９％，显示了青岛的患病率较济南地区高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示青岛与济南地区纺织职工的慢支及哮喘的初发原因及诱发因素均以上感为首位，提出预防感冒、改善工作条件应做为降低慢支及哮喘患病率的基本措施。     

认识哮喘(4)--哮喘病人比10年前多

支气管哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病之一，近年世界各国哮喘患病率均呈明显上升趋势。为了解我国城市儿童哮喘的患病率、发病相关因素及对儿童、家庭和社会的影响，全国儿科哮喘协作组于２０００年６～１０月进行了全国城市儿童哮喘患病率抽样调查，结果表明：（１）患病率：全国总的哮喘患病率为１．５４％，男女比例为１．７５∶１。各年龄组哮喘患病率以３～１０岁较高。经对各省市患病率进行比较，青海最低，重庆和上海较高；华东地区较高（２．３７％），西北地区较低（０．８８％）。（２）发病诱因：７０％的患儿首次哮喘出现在…     

北京地区4万儿童哮喘患病情况调查

我们于１９９１年对北京市区及郊区的０～１４岁儿童进行了整群抽样调查，共调查４３９７７例，其中实查人数４３９４６例，实查率为９９．９３％；哮喘发病率约为０．８８％。调查采取向儿童父母问卷填表及体检的方式进行，共查出相关儿童４４４例；其中哮喘３０２例（６８．０％）、婴幼儿哮喘９２例（２０．７％）、喘息性支气管炎５例（１．１％）、过敏性咳嗽１４例（３．２％）和可疑哮喘３１例（７．０％）。男女患病率分别为０．９４％和０．８２％，相当于１．１５∶１。哮喘起病及发病诱因主要为呼吸道感染，占９５．６％；起病年龄以３岁以内为主，占８２．９％，随着年龄的增加，患病率逐渐降低。好发时辰以午夜和临睡为主，分别为３８．５％和２１．７％；好发季节为冬季。５９．９％有个人过敏史，一、二级亲属有哮喘者分别为１７．３％和３１．５％。治疗中应用抗生素者占９７．７％～１００％。未按哮喘治疗者城区为４．６％，农村为２３．１％～２９．７％。     

韶关市城镇乡村支气管哮喘流行病学调查

目的 调查１９９８年广东粤北地区人群支气管哮喘现患率，探讨哮喘患病的危险因素，了解患者对哮喘知识的认识程度。方法以分层整群不等比随机抽样方法，在北地区韶关市翁源县县城龙仙镇和翁城镇共调查２４６１８人，结果 粤北地区部人口患病率为０．４１０％，其中儿童患病率０．２８７％，成人患病率为０．４５９％，男女比例为１．２４：１，老年组患病率１．３７０％。危险因素调查发现因感冒诱发者达９２．１％，接触刺激气体     

宁波市0～14岁小儿中哮喘患病情况调查

根据全国儿童哮喘调查方案，于１９９０年７～９月对宁波市老市区（湖西街道）、工业区（镇海石化总厂、中石化三公司）和沿海区（莼湖镇）所有０～１４岁小儿进行了整体抽样调查。实查１０５６７名，查出各类哮喘１８０名，总患病率１．７０％，男女患病率分别为１．９７％和１．３７％。老市区、工业区和沿海区患病率分别为１．２６％、４．１５％和０．８９％。     

唐山市0—6岁儿童疾病调查分析

目的 准确掌握我市０～６岁儿童的主要患病情况,、患病种类、患病率、各年龄组之间的患病差异以及患病的影响因素等。方法 随机抽取我市７所医院及幼儿园０～６岁体检资料进行统计分析。结果 本市０～６岁儿童的患病率为１６．８３％,其中,以贫 首位占４．７３％,其次为枸楼病占４．６２％,超重儿占３．４１％,小儿肠炎占１．８７％,其它占２．２０％。贫血多发生顾６个月以上年龄组,佝偻病、小儿肠炎多发生在１岁以内年     

支气管哮喘发病与优生优育的关系调查

调查１１３７例哮喘患者出生月份与正常分娩４４３３７例作对照。哮喘患者的出生月份以１０月为高峰，提示过敏体质的夫妇，应避免在此季节出生婴儿。患者在婴儿时期最初６个月以单纯母乳喂养者发生变态反应性哮喘较少，为此应提倡母乳喂养。哮喘患者的第一级亲属７７８９人中哮喘患病率２９．３５％，明显高于长沙地区群体哮喘患者病０．７９％，显示遗传因素在哮喘发病中的重要作用。     

宁波市0—14岁小儿中哮喘患病情况调查

根据全国儿童哮喘调查方案，于１９９０年７￣９月对宁波市老市区（湖西街道）、工业区（镇海石化总厂、中石化三公司）和沿海区（莼湖镇）所有０￣１４岁小儿进行了整体抽样调查。实查１０５６７名，查出各类哮喘１８０名，总患病率１．７０％，男女患病率分别为１．９７％和１．３７％。老市区、工业区和沿海区患病率分别为１．２６％、４．１５％和０．８９％。     

Morbidity pattern of children with asthma: A prospective study

Objectives: To determine the morbidity pattern of asthma in children attending the paediatric asthma follow-up clinic. Materials and methods: Longitudinal prospective follow up of hundred and four patients, diagnosed as asthma, over a period of 2 years was done. Regular follow up by the same person during each visit and proper supervision of standard treatment along with parental education regarding the asthma, was done. Results: The mean age of children presenting with asthma was 6.7 years. Majority of children 49 (47.5%) were graded as mild persistent asthma. Fifty nine (56.7%) children were missing school more than 7 days per month. Family history was present in forty one percent of the children. Fifty seven (54.8%) children were taking significant amount of junk food and were undernourished. Significant reduction in school-missing days and Emergency Room visits was noted in these children during the follow up period. Conclusion: Awareness of disease is an important aspect of asthma management. Proper treatment and follow up with emotional support and education of the care taker, about the asthma, can reduce the morbidity pattern of asthma in children. Key words: Prospective study, longitudinal study, Asthma.     

咸宁市支气管哮喘流行病学调查

目的了解2002年咸宁市城市和农村人群哮喘现患病率,以及哮喘患病的诊治现状,为哮喘人群防治提供依据.方法以分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法调查14 216人,依据病史、体征、肺功能测定确诊哮喘患.结果全市现患病率为0.96%,男、女比为1:1.62.儿童为0.44%,成人为1.05%.城市(1.15%)患病率高于农村(0.72%).23.8%的哮喘患有家族史,21%有过敏史.感冒、接触冷空气、吸入刺激性气体为前3位诱因.26.7%合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD).哮喘患中由本次调查首次确诊为64.2%.曾应用吸入糖皮质激素为20.6%,曾口服长效荼碱为7.4%.结论本次调查基本反映了咸宁市哮喘的流行情况,为哮喘病的防治提供依据.     

青岛市35 444名小儿哮喘流行病学调查

1990年2月至8月,对青岛市35444名0～14岁小儿进行了哮喘病流行病学调查。共发现哮喘病儿179例,总患病率为0.51%,男性患病率为0.62%,女性为0.38%,两性间有非常显著性差异。内源型、外源型及混合型哮喘分别为61例、59例、59例,轻中型哮喘为164例。起病年龄多为3岁以下(65.36%),先兆症状为干咳(68.72%),流涕(63.39%),喷嚏(59.98%)。家族过敏史最多见为支气管哮喘共116例,过敏史124例。哮喘发作主要在冬、秋、春季(91.06%),好发时间多在夜间(55.30%)。179例病儿中,病情不变者98例,缓解者46例,减轻29例,加重2例,痊愈4例。     

重庆地区儿童支气管哮喘的调查研究

本文调查重庆地区城、乡和部分工厂共143922人口作支气管哮喘流行病学调查，共检出哮喘1856名，患病率为1.29％，其中小儿487例，成人1369例，患病率分别1.64％和1.20％。在儿童哮喘患者分析中，城市、工厂的患病率高于乡村；男孩高于女孩；学龄前儿童患病率高；内源型哮喘占59.96％。半数以上有过敏性疾病，1/3有家族遗传史。我们对150例哮喘病人和150例健康儿童进行12种吸入过敏原皮肤试验，其皮试阳性率分别为48.66％和19.33％，阳性率以尘螨为高，但仍低于其他地区。本文还对患病率与检出方法、患病率与气候、环境因素及其防治作了讨论。     

Primary screening for breast diseases among 17618 women in Wufeng area, a region with high incidence of cervical cancer in China

In this study, the current status for breast diseases in a region with high-incidence of cervical cancer were epidemiologically investigated. From March to August, 2009, 17618 women, from Wufeng area of Hubei province, China, were recruited to screen breast diseases by using breast infrared diagnostic apparatus. Other diagnostic methods, such as B-mode ultrasound, X-ray mam-mography, needle biopsy and pathological examination were, if necessary, used to further confirm the diagnosis. The screening showed that 5990 of 17618 cases (34.00%) had breast diseases, 5843 (33.16%) had mammary gland hyperplasia, 48 (0.27%) had breast fibroadenoma, 11 (0.06%) had breast carcinoma, and 88 (0.50%) had other breast diseases. The peak morbidity of breast cancer was found in the women aged 50-60 ages. The morbidity of breast cancer was significantly increased in women elder than or equal to 50 years old (n=8, 0.157%) in comparison with that in the subjects younger than 50 years old (n=3, 0.024%) (u=2.327, P<0.05). It was shown that the occurrence of breast diseases was concentrated in women aged 20-40 years, while the total morbidity reached its peak at the age of 30 years and then decreased sharply after age of 40. Compared with the patients elder than or equal to 40 years old (n=3289, 27.46%), the morbidity rate of breast diseases was sig-nificantly increased in women less than 40 years old (2648 cases, 47.18%; P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the morbidity of breast diseases between the age group of 20-29 years and that of 30-39 years (P=0.453), and both of them were high. There was no significant asso-ciation between the morbidity of breast diseases and cervical cancer. Since the morbidity of breast diseases was higher among young women, more attention should be paid to the screening of breast diseases among young women for early diagnosis.     

玉溪市0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的了解玉溪市0～14岁儿童哮喘的流行现状、分布特征及影响因素.方法采取整群抽样的方法,随机选取玉溪市城区0～14岁儿童16 717例进行调查.结果玉溪市0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.13%,其中男、女性别之比为109：77,发病季节以秋、春季为主,以性别、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素与哮喘发作有关.儿童哮喘治疗为吸入激素58.1%,支气管舒张剂45.7%,全身激素37.6%,抗白三烯药18.3%,脱敏治疗5.9%.结论玉溪市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.13%.其原因与性别、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素等多种因素有关.对哮喘患儿及其家长进行有关哮喘基础知识的普及和教育是提高哮喘的诊治水平的重要措施.     

Do patients understand asthma? A community survey of asthma knowledge

Four hundred and twenty-one subjects who attended metropolitan pharmacies in Melbourne that were selected at random were surveyed about the characteristics of, and their knowledge about, their asthma. An unexpectedly-high morbidity was found among 232 persons with asthma, who were aged between 16 years and 75 years. Forty per cent of subjects had been hospitalized at least once for asthma and 15% of subjects were taking maintenance corticosteroid agents by mouth. Twenty per cent of subjects currently were smoking cigarettes (15 cigarettes per day on average). When knowledge of asthma was examined by a questionnaire, the median score of questions that were answered correctly was less than 50% of the total. The best knowledge scores were associated with subjects: who had been exposed in the past to information about asthma; who had attended a private medical specialist; who were non-smokers; and who had achieved the highest levels of schooling. Among the serious misconceptions which were evident in the areas of use of medication were: that sustained-release theophylline agents acted quickly during acute attacks of asthma (62% of subjects); that antihistamine agents should be taken as soon as possible during an asthma emergency (72% of subjects); that six inhalations of beclomethasone were advisable during an asthma emergency (49% of subjects); that systemic corticosteroid agents were effective within 20 minutes of administration (87% of subjects); and that deaths of asthma usually were due to precipitous attacks without time for any intervention (73% of subjects). Only 42% of subjects considered that up to six puffs at once of a beta-agonist aerosol for an asthma emergency may be appropriate. The identification of such misconceptions is quite practical during routine consultations. The correction of such misconceptions may improve the morbidity and mortality that is due to asthma.     

社区儿童哮喘发病相关因素调查及综合干预评价

目的探讨社区儿童哮喘发病的相关因素,评价社区综合干预在儿童哮喘防治中的作用。方法对社区中2837名0～14岁儿童进行哮喘筛查,共筛查出65例哮喘患儿,采用自编问卷调查表进行回顾性调查,并将65例哮喘儿童随机分为干预组35例,对照组30例,对照组给予常规治疗,干预组在常规治疗的基础上给予社区综合干预措施,即健康教育、规范化管理及跟踪随访,随访期限为1年,比较两组哮喘发作频率及程度。结果该社区中儿童哮喘的发病率为2.3%,以春季最多见,占47.7%(31例);哮喘患儿首次出现喘息的年龄<3岁者占72.3%(47例);诱发因素以呼吸道感染最多见,占65.2%(38例);家族中有哮喘及其他过敏史者分别为23.0%(15例)和16.9%(11例),患儿有湿疹和/或过敏性鼻炎等过敏史者占29.2%(19例)。经社区综合干预后,哮喘的发作次数、发作程度均明显改善。结论哮喘发病与发病年龄、季节、家族史及个人过敏史等多种因素密切相关;应改善儿童的居住环境,积极防治儿童早期呼吸道感染,早期诊断和社区综合干预是儿童哮喘防治的有效措施。     

72例贲门癌手术探查分析

目的；探讨术前较准确评估晚期贲门癌手术切除的可能性．以降低晚期贲门癌手术探查风险。方法：回顾性分析72例晚期贲门癌手术探查患者术前的临床表现、影像学检查、病理类型及术中情况。结果：术中见72例患者贲门肿瘤均有周围脏器浸润，其中侵及2个以上脏器者16例（22．22％）。钡餐检查32例肿瘤浸润胃小弯，术中探查41例侵及胃小弯，诊断符合率为78．05％；64例B超检查提示贲门部肿瘤，与术中探查符合率为88．89％；CT扫描贲门癌外侵诊断符合率为88．89％；胸、腹腔淋巴结肿大诊断符合率为100％。结论：病程、肿瘤的大小、疼痛症状、X线钡餐表现及病理类型对贲门癌患者术前肿瘤可切除性的评估起决定性作用。