特重烧伤复合肺爆震伤的临床观察和治疗

目的 探讨特重度烧伤伴肺爆震伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法 总结和分析一批16例特重烧伤伴肺爆震伤患者的临床资料。结果 16名伤员在伤后7~10d均出现肺爆震伤表现,X线表现多样,5例并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征,全部并发肺部感染。14例治愈,2例死亡,所有伤员创面愈合良好。结论 本组伤员肺爆震伤的临床表现迟,症状重,持续时间长;肺部感染与胸腔积液发生率高;胸部X线表现多样,与肺部感染不易鉴别。治疗上应重点防治多器官功能不全,调整胶体液和晶体液的比例,应用低潮气量肺保护性通气结合肺复张策略,加强对呼吸机相关性肺炎的防治,控制肺部及创面感染,改善微循环,保护重要脏器功能及加强营养支持都是有效的治疗方法。     

特重烧伤复合肺爆震伤的临床观察和治疗

目的探讨特重度烧伤伴肺爆震伤的诊断和治疗方法.方法总结和分析一批16例特重烧伤伴肺爆震伤患者的临床资料.结果16名伤员在伤后7～10 d均出现肺爆震伤表现,X线表现多样,5例并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征,全部并发肺部感染.14例治愈,2例死亡,所有伤员创面愈合良好.结论本组伤员肺爆震伤的临床表现迟,症状重,持续时间长;肺部感染与胸腔积液发生率高;胸部X线表现多样,与肺部感染不易鉴别.治疗上应重点防治多器官功能不全,调整胶体液和晶体液的比例,应用低潮气量肺保护性通气结合肺复张策略,加强对呼吸机相关性肺炎的防治,控制肺部及创面感染,改善微循环,保护重要脏器功能及加强营养支持都是有效的治疗方法.     

爆竹厂火药爆炸烧伤的临床特征和治疗方法

目的探讨爆竹厂火药爆炸烧伤的临床特征和治疗方法.方法通过对临床患者的前瞻性规范治疗和回顾性研究,进行比较分析.结果爆竹厂火药爆炸烧伤多发生在暴露部位,以深度烧伤为主,常常合并有吸入性损伤、复合伤、火药中毒,发生休克和MODS的机会较高,病死率高.结论爆竹厂火药爆炸烧伤是以烧伤病理变化为主的复合伤.出现功能障碍最常见的器官是肺脏,应特别注重呼吸功能支持,创面用SD-Ag糊剂暴露治疗效果好.     

严重烧伤病人肺脏损害及其类型探讨

本文观测了57例严重烧伤病人血气及肺功能衰竭死亡病人肺脏的病理形态变化,根据不同的临床情况进行分析比较。结果发现,伤后可很快出现低氧血症,A-aDO_2增大,低碳酸血症和代谢性酸中毒。烧伤面积越大,PaO_2下降幅度越大,合并中、重度吸入性损伤、重度休克和全身性感染的病人,PaO_2下降幅度均大于相应对照病人。肺功能衰竭死亡病人肺部有充血、出血、水肿,小血管内血栓形成,间质炎细胞浸润,血管和支气管周围水肿套形成,细支气管腔内炎性分泌物积聚和出血等改变。本文结果提示,大面积烧伤、吸入性损伤、重度休克和全身性感染是烧伤后肺脏损害的主要发病因素,以吸入性损伤所致肺功能衰竭发生率最高。根据16例肺功能衰竭发生和发展的临床过程,本文提出将其分为3种类型:①早发型(占37.5％),发生于烧伤休克期。重度吸入性损伤对怖的直接损害是其主要原因;②迟发型(占50.0％),类似ARDS,发生于急性感染期。重度休克和早期全身性感染是其主要发病因素;③晚发型(占12.5％),发生于创面修复期和康复期。长时间严重低蛋白血症,营养不良和感染,或长时间卧床致血栓形成引起肺栓塞是其主要原因。这对于在烧伤病程的不同阶段有针对性地防治和减少肺功能衰竭,有重要的临床意义。     

SEVERE RESPIRATORY TRACT EROSIVE BURNS

Three cases of respiratory tract erosive burns are presented. We describe in relative detail the adverse circumstances, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of this special injury. The details of the blazes encountered demon- strate clearly the close relation of carbon mo- noxide poisoning and chemical intoxication in erosive (chemical) pulmonary burns. It should be emphasized that the clinical course and prog- nosis of these burns differ significantly from thermal pulmonary burns. Based on the higher survival rate, slow clinical development and erosive character of the chemical agent, we pre- fer the term erosive burns.     

小鼠肠型放射损伤合并烧伤对小肠上皮细胞的复合效应

体重30～35g杂种健康雄性小鼠746只,分设四组:单放(~(60)Co 12 Gy)、单烧(15％Ⅲ度)、放烧(两伤复合)和正常对照组。对比研究放烧复合后的死亡效应和肠上皮损伤效应的动态变化。结果表明复合效应有明显的病程阶段性差异:伤后48小时内放烧组死亡率较单放组为高,肠上皮损伤亦较重,其原因可能与早期休克有关。而伤后49～96小时,放烧组的死亡率却较单放组为低,肠上皮恢复亦较好。由此可见,机体对复合伤的反应十分复杂,必须对其作具体分析,有针对性地进行防治。     

无创正压通气治疗急性重症心源性肺水肿的临床分析

目的：探导无创机械正压通气救治心源性肺水肿的方法和临床疗效。方法：对45例急性重症心源性肺水肿患者应用无创正压通气,观察通气前、后临床症状、体症（血压、心率、呼吸频率）、血气分析等相关指标的变化,并作统计学处理和分析。结果：患者经过1～5 h无创正压通气治疗后,心率、呼吸频率较通气前明显减慢（P〈0.001）,平均动脉压明显下降（P〈0.001）,动脉血气分析各项指标明显改善（P〈0.01）,临床症状明显缓解。结论：对急性重症心源性肺水肿应用无创机械正压通气能迅速改善心功能和低氧血症,有效缓解症状、缩短心力衰竭病程,是抢救急性重症心源性肺水肿的一种安全、有效的治疗手段和方法。     

A Clinical Analysis of 1255 Children with Burn Injuries

In a twenty-five year period(1958-1983),there were altogether 4651burn cases admitted to this institute,of whom 1255 were children(26.95%).Themortality rate of this series of young victims was 4.7%(59 cases).The causes ofdeath were septicemia(30 cases),shock(17),cerebral edema and cerebral hernia(4),acute renal failure(4),severe burn wound sepsis(2),and pulmonarycomplications resulting from severe inhalation burns(2).Since the mortality and the incidence of shock and septicemia were closelyrelated to the extensiveness of the burn injuries,a new classification of burninjuries in children is suggested as follows:1.Mild burns:The affected area is less than 10% TBSA.2.Moderate burns:10-29% TBSA is injured.3.Severe burns:30-49% TBSA is injured.4.Extremely severe burns:More than 50% TBSA is injured.     

重型颅脑损伤并发神经源性肺水肿10例治疗体会

目的：探讨神经源性肺水肿病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析10例重或特重型颅脑损伤后继发神经源性肺水肿患者的救治情况。结果：本组存活6例，4例因脑疝死亡。结论：神经源性肺水肿发病急、进展快、病死率高，早期诊断、正确治疗是抢救神经源性肺水肿的关键。     

重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿21例分析

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析10年来治疗的21例重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿患者的临床资料,分析其临床表现和治疗方法、疗效。结果21例患者存活10例,死亡11例。结论重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿是导致患者死亡的重要因素之一。     

重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿21例分析

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析10年来治疗的21例重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿患者的临床资料，分析其临床表现和治疗方法、疗效。结果 21例患者存活10例，死亡11例。结论 重型颅脑损伤合并神经源性肺水肿是导致患者死亡的重要因素之一。     

重型颅脑损伤伴肺部感染临床治疗进展

重型颅脑损伤是中枢神经系统的严重损害,患者极易发生肺水肿和肺部感染,高压氧的康复治疗往往因肺部感染受阻.该文对重型颅脑损伤导致肺部感染的病因、病理生理、治疗进展等进行综述,并提出重型颅脑损伤伴肺部感染病人高压氧治疗的方案,以求提高治愈率.     

烧冲复合伤早期输液治疗的实验研究

1.本文报告了狗40％Ⅱ~-～Ⅱ~+烧伤合并中度以上肺冲击伤时,早期静脉输液对肺部的影响。共用122只狗,有相应烧冲、单烧、单冲对照组。 2.实验结果表明,按临床输液公式较晚而较快地静脉补给液体,未见有肺出血加重,肺水肿的发生率和中度以上的比例虽较对照组略高,但差别无统计学意义。 3.据实验结果,结合临床资料,认为在烧冲复合伤时,在监测尿量和胸部体征变化的条件下,应补充足量的液体。     

腹膜透析治疗尿毒症肺水肿的评价

目的：探讨尿毒症肺水肿患者的临床特征及腹膜透析对其治疗的评价。方法：对本院本科78例尿毒症肺水肿患者的临床表现、影像学改变和临床生化指标进行分析,并采用腹膜透析对其治疗的价值。结果：尿毒症肺水肿患者其原发病以慢性肾炎最为多见,临床表现多样化,轻重不一致,X线表现以肺淤血、间质性肺水肿为最常见,腹膜透析组与非透析治疗组相比较,病死率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：腹膜透析是有效治疗尿毒症肺水肿的方法,能明显减轻症状,减少病死率。     

Effects of Combined Radiation-Burn Injury on Intestinal Epithelium in Mice

Seven hundred and forty-six mice,weighing 30-35g,were randomlydivided into 4 groups.The animals of the first three groups were inflicted withradiation injury(12 Gy total body irradiation from a ~(60)Co source),burn injury(15% TBSA third degree burns),and combined injury of the 2 agents ,mentionedabove respectively.The 4th group served as normal control.The mortality and the dynamic changes of the intestinal epithelium of theexperimental animals were studied.It was found that the clinical course of thecombined injury group was quite different from that of the other two.Themortality of the combined injury group was higher and the damage on theintestinal epithelium more severe than those of the radiation injury group in thefirst 48 h after infury.In the second 48 h,the mortality of the combined injurygroup became lower and recovery of the injured intestinal epithelium faster.     

Xuebijing Injection (血必净注射液) Increases Early Survival Rate by Alleviating Pulmonary Vasopermeability in Rats Subjected to Severe Burns

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xuebijing Injection(血必净注射液, XBJ) on survival rate and pulmonary vasopermeability in a rat model of severe scald injury. Methods: Rats were divided into two experiments: experiment 1 was monitored for 12 h post-injury for survival analysis after severe burns; in experiment 2, rats were killed for determination of pulmonary vascular permeability and pro-inflammatory mediators. In both experiments, rats were subject to third-degree 50% total body surface area(TBSA) burns or sham injury followed by XBJ or normal saline(NS) treatment. In addition, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelium cells(PMECs) were pretreated with either XBJ or phosphate buffer saline(PBS), and then subjected to sham serum or scald serum stimulation for 2 or 6 h, followed by transwell examination for the permeability of PMECs. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory mediators in PMECs culture supernatant were also investigated. Results: The average survival time in the scald+XBJ group was 582.1±21.2 min, which was significantly longer than that in the scald + NS group(345.8±25.4 min, P0.01). Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), E-selectin, interleukin-6(IL-6), vascular permeability and water content of lung tissues were significantly increased in animals after severe burns(P0.01). However, administration of XBJ significantly decreased these levels in plasma and lung tissue. In in vitro cell experiments, XBJ markedly attenuated permeability in PMECs monolayer and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and soluble E-selectin after stimulation with scald serum(P0.01). Conclusions: XBJ increases early survival rate by alleviating pulmonary vasopermeability and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators in rats subjected to lethal scald injury. XBJ may be a potent drug in treatment of severe burns.     

Clothing burns in Canadian children

A Canadian survey of 11 tertiary care pediatric centres with specialized burn facilities revealed that an estimated 37 children up to 9 years of age are admitted annually to such hospitals because of clothing burns. Sleepwear accounts for an estimated 21 such burns per year. Girls were found to suffer the most severe burns and represented eight of the nine children in the series who died. Loose and flowing garments dominated the girls' styles. The results of multiple-regression analysis confirmed that style of clothing (loose and flowing as opposed to snug) was the most significant predictor of burn severity, length of hospital stay, the need for skin grafting and survival. The ignition situation (avoidance of parental supervision at the time of injury) was the only other important predictor. The success of regulatory actions in other countries in reducing the incidence of severe clothing burns is reviewed, and preventive strategies for Canada are explored.     

角膜缘干细胞移植联合丝裂霉素和血管抑素治疗严重眼表碱烧伤

目的探讨角膜缘干细胞移植联合丝裂霉素和血管抑素治疗严重眼表碱烧伤的临床疗效。方法8例(8眼)严重眼表碱烧伤患者,行角膜缘干细胞移植术,术中应用丝裂霉素、术后应用血管抑素治疗。追踪观察6个月。观察了手术前后的角膜新生血管、混浊度、水肿度、排斥反应指数、假性胬肉和患者的自觉症状及视力。结果术后的角膜新生血管、混浊度、水肿度、排斥反应指数、假性胬肉和自觉症状评分均比术前的显著下降,术后各眼RI值均小于9,术后的视力有显著改善。结论异体角膜缘干细胞移植联合丝裂霉素和血管抑素治疗严重眼表碱烧伤在临床上收到良效,是一种安全、有效的重建严重碱烧伤眼表的治疗方法。     

104例儿童重症手足口病的临床特征分析

目的分析儿童重症手足口病(HFMD)的临床特征以利早期诊断。方法回顾性分析104例儿童重症HFMD。按病情分A、B、C、D组,总结各组临床症状、体征及辅助检查结果,分析重症病例的早期特征性指标。结果 85例(81.73%)重症HFMD患儿年龄小于3岁;103例(99.04%)出现发热;101例(97.12%)出现充血性皮疹或疱疹,病情重者皮疹少;出现中枢神经系统(CNS)病变91例(81.73%);组间高血糖发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);伴CNS病变HFMD患儿的脑脊液白细胞计数有所升高,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);X线胸片提示肺炎12例,肺水肿7例;肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染81例(77.88%),柯萨奇病毒A16型(CA16)感染9例(8.65%),伴CNS病变患儿比不伴CNS病变患儿的EV71检出率明显增加(P<0.05);6例死于神经源性肺水肿。结论重症HFMD多并发CNS病变,EV71为主要病原体,睡眠中四肢惊跳是重症病例的早期临床特征,高血糖是较有价值的病情轻重判断指标,神经源性肺水肿为主要死亡原因。     

Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on severe head injury:A preliminary clinical trial

Overthepastdecades,ithasbeenclearthatneurologicdeficitsresultingfromtraumaticbraininjuriesarecaused,onlyinpart,bydirecttraumaticdisruptionofneuronsandneuralfibers,whereasindirectorsecondarymechanismsoftheinjurymayalsoplayimportantpathogeneticrolesInsuchneurologicdeficits[]j.Suchdelayedinjuryappearstoinvolvethereleaseofendogenousfactorsincludingfree--radicals,monoaminesubstances.arachidonicacidsmetabolites,endogenousopioids.excitatoryaminoacids,energymetabolismdisturbanceandalterationofcalciumf…