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R S Sauve J H Geggie 《Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique》1991,82(2):95-100
This study compared growth, food intake and feeding problems in appropriate weight for gestational age sequela-free preterm and term infants at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months adjusted age. Growth deficits were frequent in the preterm infants, especially during the first year of life with a tendency to "catch up" during the second year. Normal head growth and arm muscle area were documented in this selected group of infants but triceps skinfold thicknesses were deficient, especially during the first year. Food consumption patterns and energy intake differed with higher energy intake in the preterm group. Feeding problems were only slightly more frequent in the preterm infants. The only factor associated with energy intake in the preterm infants was duration of neonatal hospital stay. Weight percentile was associated with birthweight and socioeconomic status in term infants, and birthweight, hospital stay and "fussy eater" in preterms at specific ages. 相似文献
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A. While 《Public health》1990,104(2):141-146
Attendance at child health clinics in three contrasting urban areas is described. Sociodemographic analysis of clinic attenders in the inner city area showed that families in poor socio-economic circumstance attended child health clinics more frequently than their more fortunate contemporaries during the first six months of life. Health visitor home visiting was a major determinant in clinic attendance rates. 相似文献
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Longitudinal study of diet and iron deficiency anaemia in infants during the first two years of life
Heath AL Tuttle CR Simons MS Cleghorn CL Parnell WR 《Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition》2002,11(4):251-257
The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the energy, iron, zinc, calcium and vitamin C intakes of a group of healthy term Caucasian infants resident in Dunedin, New Zealand, prospectively from age 9 months to 2 years; and (ii) to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among these infants. A self-selected sample of 74 Caucasian mothers and their infants born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between October 1995 and May 1996 were recruited. Dietary intake was determined using estimated diet records at 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume andzinc protoporphyrin concentration were determined at the same ages. The infants' zinc, calcium and vitamin C intakes appeared adequate. Their median iron intakes ranged from 4.3 mg (at 12 months) to 7.0 mg (at 9 months) per day and were below estimated requirements at all ages. At 9, 12 and 18 months of age, 7% (n = 4) of the infants had iron deficiency anaemia. None of the infants had iron deficiency anaemia at 24 months. The iron intakes of this group of Caucasian infants and young children appeared inadequate. However, their rate of iron deficiency anaemia was lower than has been reported in previous New Zealand studies. 相似文献
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Goodman KJ O'rourke K Day RS Wang C Nurgalieva Z Phillips CV Aragaki C Campos A de la Rosa JM 《International journal of epidemiology》2005,34(6):1348-1355
BACKGROUND: The Pasitos Cohort Study has followed children in El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico since 1998 to identify determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection. This paper describes patterns of acquisition and elimination of H. pylori infection in 468 children from birth to 24 months. METHODS: Mothers were recruited during pregnancy at maternal-child clinics; children were targeted for follow-up examinations every 6 months after birth. H. pylori infection was detected using the 13C-urea breath test, corrected for age-dependent variation in CO2 production. RESULTS: Test results were available for 359, 341, 269, and 215 children around target ages of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. The person-time at risk of a first detectable infection was 7742 person-months; 128 first infections were detected, thus the incidence rate was 1.7% per month (95% confidence interval 1.4-2.0%). Rates were similar in boys and girls and on both sides of the border; evidence suggests, however, that this similarity could be due to selection bias. Among children with follow-up after a positive test, 77% tested negative at a later visit. CONCLUSIONS: The initial acquisition of detectable H. pylori infection occurred at a rate of 20% per year among Pasitos Cohort children from birth to 24 months of age. A key finding, with implications for clinical, community health, and research settings, is that most of these infections did not persist. The transient nature of early H. pylori infection should be considered when designing research or contemplating therapeutic intervention for this age group. 相似文献
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Robert Dales Ken Ruest Mireille Guay Leonora Marro J. David Miller 《Environmental research》2010,110(7):692-698
Background
Whether or not indoor mold growth causes acute childhood respiratory illness is controversial.Objective
To determine the influence of indoor fungus on the incidence of acute respiratory illness episodes during the first two years of life.Methods
Fungal indicators were measured in homes of children followed by daily symptom diaries and twice monthly telephone contact up to two years.Participants
357 children born in Prince Edward Island, Canada.Results
Generally, fungal contamination was not excessive with a geometric mean mold surface area (MSA) of 1012 cm2 (geometric standard deviation (GSD) 24.2). The annual mean illness episodes per child were 6.85 (Standard Deviation (SD) 2.80). The incidence of respiratory illness episodes was not significantly related to any of the mold indicators: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) derived F-statistic (p values) was 0.14 (0.7090) for mold surface area.Conclusions
In homes not selected by degree of fungal contamination, fungal burden was generally not excessive and was not found to be a risk factor for acute respiratory illness episodes during the first two years of life. 相似文献8.
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Kawamura N Tokoeda Y Oshima M Okahata H Tsutsumi H Van Doorn LJ Muto H Smolenov I Suryakiran PV Han HH 《Vaccine》2011,29(37):6335-6341
A phase III, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy, reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 in Japanese infants aged 6-14 weeks when administered as two doses (0, 1-month schedule). Efficacy against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis leading to medical intervention caused by circulating wild-type rotavirus from two weeks post-Dose 2 until two years of age was 79.3% (95% CI: 60.5-89.8%) and 91.6% (95% CI: 62.4-99.1%), respectively. Solicited, unsolicited symptoms and serious adverse events were reported at a similar frequency in both groups. Serum anti-rotavirus antibody seroconversion rate one-month post-Dose 2 was 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9-95%) in RIXX4414 group. RIX4414 was efficacious, well-tolerated and immunogenic in Japanese infants and introduction of vaccination could help in reducing the disease burden. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the growth pattern of full term low and adequate birth weight infants during the first two years of life and to identify the determinants at the time of the greatest growth deceleration. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 148 full term infants in five small towns of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Newborns were recruited from maternities between January 1993 and January 1994 and their anthropometric measurements were taken at one, two, four, six, 12 and 24 months of life. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: The increment of mean weight-for-age and length-for-age were more evident for low birth weight when compared with adequate weight infants, especially during the first two months after birth. From this point onward it was observed a progressive mean growth deceleration in both indexes up to 12 months of life. All infants had similar weight and length growth patterns. However, adequate birth weight infants remained in an upper level. Socioeconomic variables explained 23% of variation for weight-for-age, followed by 4% for birth weight. Socioeconomic condition was also the factor mostly affecting length-for-age, explaining 28% of its variation, followed by birth weight, maternal height and diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that interventions aiming to adequate growth should focus on prenatal care and social and environmental factors during childhood as a way of ensuring full expression of the genetic potential of this population. 相似文献
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Kummeling I Thijs C Huber M van de Vijver LP Snijders BE Penders J Stelma F van Ree R van den Brandt PA Dagnelie PC 《The British journal of nutrition》2008,99(3):598-605
We prospectively investigated whether organic food consumption by infants was associated with developing atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life. The KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands (n 2764) measured organic food consumption, eczema and wheeze in infants until age 2 years using repeated questionnaires. Diet was defined as conventional ( 90 % organic). Venous blood samples taken from 815 infants at 2 years of age were analysed for total and specific IgE. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to control for potential confounding factors. Eczema was present in 32 % of infants, recurrent wheeze in 11 % and prolonged wheezing in 5 %. At 2 years of age, 27 % of children were sensitised against at least one allergen. Of all the children, 10 % had consumed a moderately organic diet and 6 % a strictly organic diet. Consumption of organic dairy products was associated with lower eczema risk (OR 0.64 (95 % CI 0.44, 0.93)), but there was no association of organic meat, fruit, vegetables or eggs, or the proportion of organic products within the total diet with the development of eczema, wheeze or atopic sensitisation. Further studies to substantiate these results are warranted. 相似文献
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Heart rate was measured in 392 healthy, full-term, appropriate-weight infants and was measured again at 6, 15, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age. Heart rate increased from newborn to six months of age and then decreased seriatim. Heart rate did not vary as a function of socioeconomic status or of sex. Blacks had higher heart rates than whites as newborns and at six months of age; at the older ages the difference was no longer significant. The slowing of heart rate with age was greater among blacks. Heart rate was inversely associated with weight and with height, but showed no association with blood pressure. A significant child-mother correlation of heart rate was found at two ages. No significant child-mother correlations of systolic or of diastolic blood pressure were found. Thus, a closer child-parent association was found for heart rate than for blood pressure. Offspring of a parent with a history of hypertension had slower heart rates than offspring neither of whose parents had a history of hypertension. Neither the child's systolic nor diastolic blood pressure varied with the presence or absence of a parental history of hypertension. Results suggest that during the first five years of life a child's slower heart rate may be a better index of risk of adult hypertension than a child's elevated blood pressure. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTHealth problems may occur in mothers and can persist during the postpartum. Life event stress (LES) is a risk factor for poor maternal health. We examined the relations of LES and rise in LES over time to maternal health during the first three years postpartum. We used data from 1,364 mothers obtained between 1991 and 2007 in the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Information on maternal sociodemographics and early postpartum health was collected 1 month after childbirth. Maternal reports on health status and LES were obtained at 6, 15, 24, and 36 months postpartum. Latent growth curve analyses were performed, with maternal sociodemographics and early postpartum health as covariates for which statistical adjustment was made. Maternal health declined steadily in a linear pattern with marked individual differences, whereas maternal LES increased gradually in a linear pattern. Moreover, faster maternal health decline was associated with poorer early health at 1 month postpartum, greater exposure to LES at 6 months postpartum, and faster rise in LES exposure over time. Decline in maternal health may be explained at least in part by the deleterious effects of exposure to stressful life events. 相似文献
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D L Lei S P Chaves A T Paes M M Escuder A B Ribeiro R D Freire B R Lerner 《European journal of clinical nutrition》1999,53(6):456-460
OBJECTIVE: Estimate the risk of linear growth retardation during the first two years of life as a result of household social vulnerability. SETTING: Families who participated in the National Supplementary Feeding Program in the Health Units of the metropolitan area of the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and thirty-one index-babies, weighing more than 2500 grams and who had at least one young sibling under the age of five who participated in the Program for a minimum of two years. DESIGN: The index-babies were divided into two cohorts: 74.9% coming from 'non-stunted families' (those with normal height siblings) and 25.1% from 'stunted families' (those with stunted siblings). The study design allowed the observation of growth patterns over a period of time and over a childhood growth range. It also allowed the estimation of the stunting and the recovery probabilities at each moment, not only within a given age range. The transition probabilities between 'stunted' and 'non-stunted' index-babies were estimated. The relative risk ratio (RR) was also calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of stunting in the index-babies at 12 and 24 months of age was significantly greater in 'stunted families' (P < 0.001). Probabilities of becoming stunted began to differ from the fourth month on (confidence intervals non-superposed), and were higher for index-babies from 'stunted families'. The recovery probability of a stunted child was smaller in the 'stunted families' cohort after the 12th month of age. From the third month on, the (RR) was always above 1.5. CONCLUSION: The family context exposes children to failure in growth in the first two years of life when there are already stunted children in the household. 相似文献
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Gropper SS Newton A Harrington P Simmons KP Connell LJ Ulrich P 《Preventive medicine》2011,52(1):20-22
Objective
Changes in body weight, composition, and shape were investigated in male and female college students between the freshman and sophomore years.Methods
Changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent and absolute body fat and fat-free mass (via bioelectrical impedance), and waist circumference (via body scans) were assessed over the freshman and sophomore years (2007-2009) among 120 students attending a Southern public university.Results
Weight (2.5 and 1.7 lbs) and BMI gains (0.3 and 0.3 kg/m2) did not significantly differ between the freshman and sophomore years, respectively. Significantly more percent body fat and fat mass were gained during the freshman (1.9% and 3.3 lbs, respectively) than the sophomore year (0.0% and 0.6 lbs, respectively). Females lost significantly more fat-free mass during the freshman (−0.8 lb) than during the sophomore year (1.0 lb). Changes in waist circumference and weight were significantly correlated. Increases in the percentages of females classified as overweight and with unhealthy body fat amounts and waist circumferences were observed.Conclusion
While the sophomore year was characterized by slightly healthier body composition changes than the freshman year, the gains in weight, fat mass, and waist circumference measurements suggest increased health risks for many college females. 相似文献19.